Deep incision in an Aptian carbonate succession indicates major sea‐level fall in the Cretaceous

Long‐term relative sea‐level cycles (0·5 to 6 Myr) have yet to be fully understood for the Cretaceous. During the Aptian, in the northern Maestrat Basin (Eastern Iberian Peninsula), fault‐controlled subsidence created depositional space, but eustasy governed changes in depositional trends. Relative sea‐level history was reconstructed by sequence stratigraphic analysis. Two forced regressive stages of relative sea‐level were recognized within three depositional sequences. The first stage is late Early Aptian age (intra Dufrenoyia furcata Zone) and is characterized by foreshore to upper shoreface sedimentary wedges, which occur detached from a highstand carbonate platform, and were deposited above basin marls. The amplitude of relative sea‐level drop was in the order of tens of metres, with a duration of <1 Myr. The second stage of relative sea‐level fall occurred within the Late Aptian and is recorded by an incised valley that, when restored to its pre‐contractional attitude, was >2 km wide and cut ≥115 m down into the underlying Aptian succession. With the subsequent transgression, the incision was backfilled with peritidal to shallow subtidal deposits. The changes in depositional trends, lithofacies evolution and geometric relation of the stratigraphic units characterized are similar to those observed in coeval rocks within the Maestrat Basin, as well as in other correlative basins elsewhere. The pace and magnitude of the two relative sea‐level drops identified fall within the glacio‐eustatic domain. In the Maestrat Basin, terrestrial palynological studies provide evidence that the late Early and Late Aptian climate was cooler than the earliest part of the Early Aptian and the Albian Stage, which were characterized by warmer environmental conditions. The outcrops documented here are significant because they preserve the results of Aptian long‐term sea‐level trends that are often only recognizable on larger scales (i.e. seismic), such as for the Arabian Plate.     

“浣熊”强度变化的环境背景和卫星观测分析

利用实况观测定位和强度资料、NCEP的1°×1°全球最终分析资料、NOAA周平均1°×1°海温再分析资料和FY卫星水汽图像,分析台风浣熊(0801)的环境背景条件和内核结构演变与强度变化的关系.结果表明:(1)环境风垂直切变增大至10m·s~(-1)左右与南海北部海表温度逐步减小导致最大可能强度不断降低是"浣熊"快速发展过程中断并减弱的重要外部条件;(2)卫星水汽图像显示内核结构存在眼壁破裂和复原现象,该现象精确地反映其强度变化.眼壁破裂(复原)过程导致"浣熊"减弱(增强).     

北纬地区温度和卫星监测的植被活动节律变化的比较分析(英文)

Plant growth at northern latitudes is highly responsive to the climatic changes that have occurred over recent decades. However, the sensitivity of the phasing of the seasonal cycle of terrestrial ecosystems to a changing environment remains less widely understood. We present an investigation and comparative study of large-scale changes in seasonal cy-cling of both land surface temperature and plant growth. Our results have shown trends in-dicating a marked increased towards overall plant productivity by ~3% from 1982 to 2005, reduced trends in seasonal variation at low-mid latitudes by ~2%, increased trends in sea-sonal variations at mid-high latitudes by ~7%, and an earlier phase in northern terrestrial ecosystems (~1.1 days) in parallel with changes in the phasing of surface temperatures at northern latitudes over the 24 years in this study. These shifts in annual cycles of terrestrial vegetation appear to have a distinct geographical zonality and are dependent upon latitudinal changes in climatic variables. More conspicuous changes in overall vegetation productivity and the seasonal phase of ecosystems have been observed in Eurasia compared to North America, largely because of a more rapid rise in temperature. Our results state that changing climate boosts plant growth at northern latitudes, but also alters the phase and seasonal variations of the annual cycle of terrestrial ecosystems.     

高度城镇化背景下水系演变及其响应

针对长江三角洲地区高度城镇化对水系剧烈影响的事实,以该区太湖平原苏州市为例,选取河网密度、水面率、分形维数和支流发育系数作为水系变化指标,运用GIS分析近50年来河网的时空变化规律,在此基础上,研究水系变化对于城镇化及降水变化的定量响应,分析高度城镇化下水系的发展趋势。结果表明:①近50年来研究区水系呈衰减趋势,河网密度、水面率、分形维数和支流发育系数分别下降5.6%、19%、1.2%和3%;区内水系禀赋差异大。②近50年来水系衰减的主要影响因素为城镇化,气候变化对其影响相对较弱;在水系变化中,城镇化的贡献率在67%以上。③随着城镇化率增加,研究区河网密度、分形维数、支流发育系数呈现先增长后衰减的"倒U型"曲线特征;苏州的高度城镇化与其水系表现出"先松弛,后紧密"的关系,二者的发展目前处于曲线右侧;未来将过渡到"高水平适应阶段"。本研究的结果丰富了城镇化与水系发展关系研究,可为其他地区水系系统的健康、绿色发展和保护提供参考。     

Sedimentary Features and Sea-Level Changes Reflected in Drill Holes in the Zhuhai Area

Experimental examinations and analyses have been made of the sediments from drill holes in the Zhuhai area, Guangdong Province. The studies show that there occurred four transgressions in this area over the historical times. The first transgression occurred at 7500 a B.P., with the maxium sea level up to about 1 m above the present level. The second transgression occurred at 5750 a B.P., with the sea level possibly 4 m higher than the present. The third and fourth transgressions took place at 4650 a B.P. and 2600 a B.P. respectively, which lasted for a long time with multiple fluctuations. The fifth transgression is in process. It could be predicted that the sea level at Zhuhai would rise by 15-20 cm in the coming 50 years.     

Correlation of climatic events between East Asia and Norwegian Sea during last deglaciation

Using a high resolution¹⁴C chronology, β¹³C values and organic carbon content, from loess/paleosol and peat profiles in China, we can demonstrate century scale warm-cold East Asian monsoon paleoclimatic fluctuation events and significant precipitation variability within the last deglaciation. The major climatic events recognized are the Bolling (1 300-12 500 a B.P.), Older Dryas (12 500-11 750 a B. P.), Allerod (11 750-11 200 aB.P.) and Younger Dryas (11 200-10 000 aB.P.). The stratigraphic structure of the last deglaciation sediments is characterized by frequent changes in sedimentation phases reflecting climatic instability. These high frequency, rapid climatic events can correlate with fluctuations recorded by sea surface temperatures in the Norwegian Sea. This indicates a pale-oclimate teleconnection between polar, high latitude areas and East Asian monsoon areas through westerlies and the related atmospheric pressure system. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Science Foundation of U.S.A.     

过去2000年亚洲气候变化(PAGES-Asia2k)集成研究进展及展望

介绍了国际过去全球变化研究计划(PAGES)过去2000年气候变化研究网络的设立背景、研究目的及亚洲在其中的独特性;总结了过去2000年亚洲气候变化(PAGES-Asia2k)集成研究的主要进展及中国的贡献,分析了当前在亚洲区域开展该项研究的主要问题及难点,并对未来研究进行了展望。亚洲历史悠久,高分辨率的代用资料丰富,是开展过去2000年气候变化研究的理想区域,但目前尚处于起步阶段。已有进展表明:在过去1200年中,亚洲830-1220年相对温暖,1340-1880年明显寒冷,20世纪则快速增暖;但亚洲气候类型多、变化过程复杂、区域差异大。因此,发展气候序列重建的新技术方法,提高重建序列的时、空分辨率、空间覆盖度和重建结果的精度,建立亚洲过去2000年气候代用资料数据库,集成重建过去2000年区域温度变化序列及干湿变化空间型,进而开展区域气候变化驱动机制与气候变化影响及适应研究,是该计划下一步的研究重点。     

新田县富锶地下水动态特点与成因分析

为掌握湖南省新田县富锶地下水的动态特点,在2017年1-12月对两处富锶地下水进行了一年定期采样分析。结果表明：S045下降泉Sr2+含量在丰水期、平水期、枯水期基本保持稳定,其值分别为0.27 mg?kg-1、0.25 mg?kg-1、0.26 mg?kg-1,S045下降泉Sr2+含量全年保持相对稳定的主要原因是水文地质特点决定了降雨对S045富锶下降泉Sr2+含量的稀释效应有限;ZK1机井Sr2+含量表现为丰水期＞平水期＞枯水期,其值分别为0.73 mg?kg-1、0.68 mg?kg-1、0.52 mg?kg-1,水循环条件的差异引起水位的变化导致高锶潜流带水与低锶浅潜流带水混合比例不同,使ZK1机井中锶含量与大气降雨具有正相关性。而离子比值法表明：S045下降泉的γ（Na?）/γ（Cl?）比值在丰水期、平水期、枯水期分别为0.78、0.44、0.49,γ(HCO〖_3^-〗+SO〖_4^(2-)〗)/γ(Ca2++Mg2+)比值在丰水期、平水期、枯水期分别为0.99、0.98、0.96;ZK1机井的γ（Na?）/γ（Cl?）比值在丰水期、平水期、枯水期分别为75.24、71.34、126.08,γ(HCO〖_3^-〗+SO〖_4^(2-)〗)/γ(Ca2++Mg2+)比值在丰水期、平水期、枯水期分别为37.13、30.54、44.89,这说明ZK1机井中地下水发生了阳离子交换。S045下降泉的γ（Cl?）/γ（Ca2?）比值在丰水期、平水期、枯水期平均值分别为1.09×10-2、1.06×10-2、1.05×10-2,ZK1机井的γ（Cl?）/γ（Ca2?）比值在丰水期、平水期、枯水期平均值分别为1.29、0.98、0.94,ZK1机井γ（Cl?）/γ（Ca2?）显著高于S045下降泉,表明ZK1机井水水动力条件弱于S045下降泉,这是机井中Sr2+高于下降泉的重要因素。     

Earthquake Triggering along the Xianshuihe Fault Zone of Western Sichuan,China

Western Sichuan is among the most seismically active regions in southwestern China and is characterized by frequent strong (M 6.5) earthquakes, mainly along the Xianshuihe fault zone. Historical and instrumental seismicity show a temporal pattern of active periods separated by inactive ones, while in space a remarkable epicenter migration has been observed. During the last active period starting in 1893, the sinistral strike–slip Xianshuihe fault of 350 km total length, was entirely broken with the epicenters of successive strong earthquakes migrating along its strike. This pattern is investigated by resolving changes of Coulomb failure function (CFF) since 1893 and hence the evolution of the stress field in the area during the last 110 years. Coulomb stress changes were calculated assuming that earthquakes can be modeled as static dislocations in an elastic halfspace, and taking into account both the coseismic slip in strong (M 6.5) earthquakes and the slow tectonic stress buildup associated with major fault segments. The stress change calculations were performed for faults of strike, dip, and rake appropriate to the strong events. We evaluate whether these stress changes brought a given strong earthquake closer to, or sent it farther from, failure. It was found that all strong earthquakes, and moreover, the majority of smaller events for which reliable fault plane solutions are available, have occurred on stress–enhanced fault segments providing a convincing case in which Coulomb stress modeling gives insight into the temporal and spatial manifestation of seismic activity. We extend the stress calculations to the year 2025 and provide an assessment for future seismic hazard by identifying the fault segments that are possible sites of future strong earthquakes.     

天津北部地区现今构造活动性研究

收集整理天津北部地区1990~2012共23期水准复测资料和GPS连续站资料,利用拟合计算方法剔除水准沉降干扰和GPS周期干扰,计算宝坻断裂和蓟运河断裂的垂直形变量,分析本区地壳垂直形变趋势。结果表明,燕山山前的蓟县-宝坻地区垂直形变形态受燕山隆起带控制,研究区南部主要受华北平原坳陷带控制|现今宝坻断裂活动以逆断为主,蓟运河断裂以正断为主,这两条断裂带的垂直形变趋势变化与华北地区地震有一定的对应。