古海洋溶解氧与缺氧和富氧问题研究

西藏南部晚白垩世红色灰岩层为大洋富氧条件下的沉积产物,红色灰岩层内有机碳极低,生物极其繁盛,碳同位素偏低,但从上往下又呈增高趋势。溶解氧含量在古海洋演化史中是非线形波动变化的,既有全球溶解氧含量偏低时期（缺氧条件）,也有全球溶解氧含量偏高时期（富氧条件）,古海洋溶解氧含量重建和富氧问题的解决对于理解大洋循环、古气候、生命绝灭、地质事件以及有机质演化具有十分重要的科学意义     

辽南太古宙古陆壳构造变形及演化

由早期绿岩、变质ＴＴＧ杂岩及闪长岩为主构成的辽南古陆壳,在新太古宙末期—古元古代初期遭受了四期构造变形,以主期变形（第三期）最为显著。该期变形重塑了古陆壳上的太古宙岩石,形成密集而普遍的区域透入性主期片麻理（Ｓ３）,矿物线理（Ｌ３）及“顺片”掩卧褶皱（ｆ３）,并伴随高温低压条件下的角闪岩相区域变质作用,变形机制属中构造环境下由南至北的韧性水平剪切滑脱,其动力学成因可能为诱发古元古代辽东裂谷的地幔软流圈热羽的早期活动,导致辽南古陆块上部硅铝壳相对于壳下岩石圈作反向滑脱的壳下拆离作用。     

PALEO-ENVIRONMENTAL RECONSTRUCTION DURING THE PERIOD OF NANJING HOMO ERECTUS

Following a quite intact skull fossil of adult female Homo Erectus was found at Huludong cave, Leigong Mountain, Tangshan town, Jiangning County, Nanjing City on March 13,1993. Yet another skull fossil of Homo Erectus (adult male) was found on April 17,1993 also at this area. MU Xi nan et al.and XU Qin qi et al. had reported the finding of the fossil man and fossil mammalian, but at that time they hadn't dated the fossil man yet (MU,1993;XU,1993). Later an archaeology team joint…     

柴达木贝壳堤剖面元素地球化学与环境演变

通过对柴达木盆地察尔汗古湖贝壳堤沉积物中酸溶与残留(酸不溶)组分中常、微量元素及其元素对的分析,并结合酸溶与残留组分中常、微量元素相关性对比,讨论了贝壳堤剖面元素地球化学指标和沉积环境之间的关系,指出酸溶组分中的常量、微量元素及其元素对可以作为湖泊和古气候演化良好的代用指标;残留组分中的元素及元素对与原岩及其风化程度紧密相关,因此,酸溶组分与残留组分中的常量和微量元素在对于环境响应模式存在一定差异,应该将二者分开研究以避免对元素所携带环境信号解译的偏差。根据元素地球化学指标重建了43.5～22.4cal.kaB.P.(39.7～17.5kaB.P.¹⁴C年代)柴达木盆地察尔汗古湖高湖面期间古气候与环境演变过程:43.5～31.7kaB.P.期间酸溶组分中元素含量总体较低,残留组分中元素含量相对较高,且湿润度值((Fe₂O₃+Al₂O₃)/(MgO+CaO),或H)处于高值段,而Ca/Mg,Fe/Mn和Rb/Sr则处于低值段,指示了温暖湿润的气候环境,古湖泊水体增加;其中37.8～31.7kaB.P.期间酸溶组分中元素含量多出现最低值,残留组分中元素含量富集,H值较高,而Ca/Mg,Fe/Mn和Rb/Sr此段均值最小,表明此时为环境的最适宜期,此期间降雨充沛,湖泊处于高湖面;在31.7～22.4kaB.P.期间酸溶组分中元素含量普遍较高,残留组分中元素含量相对富集,且Ca/Mg,Fe/Mn和Rb/Sr处于高值段波动,H值处在低值段,指示气候环境恶化,降水逐渐减少,古湖泊水体萎缩;在约22.4kaB.P.气候快速恶化,形成石盐结晶,高湖面历史结束。柴达木盆地该期高湖面及其演化过程可与腾格里沙漠和额济纳盆地-巴丹吉林沙漠高湖面记录进行对比,揭示了大范围气候变化的历史。     

华北板块南缘六盘山盆地固参1井马东山组泥页岩段古沉积环境研究

以六盘山盆地固参1井白垩系马东山组泥页岩段为研究对象,通过元素地球化学测试分析,采用CaO/(MgO·Al2O3)、Sr/Cu、Rb/Sr、Sr /Ba、Sr丰度、Th/U、 V/Cr、V/(V+Ni)、Fe/Mn和(Al＋Fe)/（Ca＋Mg）等一系列古气候、古盐度、古氧化还原条件和古水深判别指标,对固参1井马东山组泥页岩沉积古环境进行探讨。结果表明：马东山组泥页岩沉积时期总体为年平均古气温应大于15℃的温暖潮湿气候,水体为半深湖—滨浅湖的半咸水—咸水环境,沉积物是在贫养—厌氧环境中形成的。古气候、古盐度、古氧化还原条件及古水深在垂向上存在3个相对变化的旋回,且古气候与古水深、古还原条件呈正相关性,与盐度呈负相关性。适宜的古水深、较强的还原条件,稳定匮乏的碎屑供给等古环境因素相对变化的3个旋回共同控制了马东山组泥岩、页岩、钙质泥岩、泥灰岩组合的非均质的页岩油气储层。     

古老碳酸盐岩古油藏储量计算方法探讨——以四川盆地安岳气田灯影组为例

在古油藏石油储量计算过程中,一般是根据沥青的分布面积确定古油藏面积或者根据古圈闭面积确定古油藏面积,这些方法存在局限性.针对现有确定古油藏石油地质储量方法的缺陷和不足,本文以四川盆地安岳气田震旦系灯影组气藏为例,创建了古油藏储量计算公式,同时建立了古油藏面积与现今气藏面积之间的关系式以及古油藏孔隙度与现今气藏孔隙度之间...     

鄂尔多斯盆地东北部直罗组古层间氧化带 形成机制探讨

鄂尔多斯盆地东北部是我国重要的砂岩型铀矿成矿带之一,蕴藏着丰富的铀资源。通过研究发现,区内铀矿床与古层间氧化带具有非常紧密的联系。通过对纳岭沟、大营铀矿床直罗组下段古层间氧化带中各后生蚀变砂岩与原生砂岩的物质成分及地球化学指标的研究,发现绿色砂岩与灰色砂岩在物质成分上的主要区别体现在黏土矿物、方解石及黄铁矿含量上,并且不同蚀变类型砂岩具有其各自的地球化学指标特点。基于对古层间氧化带中各后生蚀变的研究,初步探讨了古层间氧化带的形成机制。这一成果为深化本区铀成矿机理、建立区域铀成矿模式提供了重要的理论依据。     

古居延绿洲汉代至西夏渠系影像特征及绿洲环境变迁

利用较高分辨率的遥感影像确定出古居延绿洲渠系分布和引水口的位置以及古渠道线路的走向,发现古居延绿洲主要分布在现代绿洲的东侧,至少有6处引水口分布于距雅布赖、东城圈和马圈城一线西侧的水道上。渠系由西向东进入各垦区,各引水口随水道西迁向西延伸。渠系与遗址、古耕地和红柳包间的联系以及¹⁴C\}测年数据表明：  多数渠系始建于汉代,以后长期延用,盛于西夏,弃于元末明初;   古居延绿洲早期荒漠化始于1300aB.P.;   天然水系向西迁移最终导致了古居延绿洲的废弃和完全荒漠化     

Time scale effect and uncertainty in reconstruction of paleo‐hydrology

Tree‐ring‐based reconstructions of paleo‐hydrology have proved useful for better understanding the irregularities and extent of past climate changes, and therefore, for more effective water resources management. Despite considerable advances in the field, there still exist challenges that introduce significant uncertainties into paleo‐reconstructions. This study outlines these challenges and address them by developing two themes: (1) the effect of temporal scaling on the strength of the relationship between the hydrologic variables, streamflow in this study, and tree growth rates and (2) the reconstruction uncertainty of streamflow due to the dissimilarity or inconsistency in the pool of tree‐ring chronologies (predictors in reconstruction) in a basin. Based on the insight gained, a methodology is developed to move beyond only relying on the annual hydrology‐growth correlations, and to utilize additional information embedded in the annual time series at longer time scales (e.g. multi‐year to decadal time scales). This methodology also generates an ensemble of streamflow reconstructions to formally account for uncertainty in the pool of chronology sites. The major headwater tributaries of the Saskatchewan River Basin, the main source of surface water in the Canadian Prairie Provinces, are used as the case study. It is shown that the developed methodology explains the variance of streamflows to a larger extent than the conventional approach and better preserves the persistence and variability of streamflows across time scales (Hurst‐type behaviour). The resulting ensemble of paleo‐hydrologic time series is able to more credibly pinpoint the timing and extent of past dry and wet periods and provides a dynamic range of uncertainty in reconstruction. This range varies with time over the course of the reconstruction period, indicating that the utility of tree‐ring chronologies for paleo‐reconstruction differs for different time periods over the past several centuries in the history of the region. The proposed ensemble approach provides a credible range of multiple‐century‐long water availability scenarios that can be used for vulnerability assessment of the existing water infrastructure and improving water resources management. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

武当山地区中上元古界及成岩构造环境的地球化学论证

通过对分布于武当山地区的中上元古界武当山群,耀岭河群的变火山岩、变沉积岩的岩石学、岩石化学,微量元素地球化学和稀土元素地球化学及有关图解的综合研究和应用,笔者认为武当山群的成岩环境为古岛弧,而耀岭河群的成岩环境为古陆缘裂谷。中晚元古代期间,武当山地区构造演化经历了从古岛弧向古陆缘裂谷转化的历程。