Re-appraisal of seismicity and seismotectonics in the north-eastern Algeria Part II: 20th century seismicity and seismotectonics analysis

The main objective of the research work isthe homogenisation of the two recentAlgerian earthquake catalogues for thecommon covered period of time, from 1900 to1990, for the region under considerationlimited by [33^°N–38^°N,4^°E-9.5^°E] and the updatingof the catalogue for the twentieth century(1900–2000). To mitigate the deficiencyof the incompleteness of catalogue, aneffort was made to establish a correlationbetween surface-wave magnitude Ms andbody-wave magnitude m_b in the form ofMs = a + b (m_b). A complete, exact andhomogeneous earthquake catalogue as much aspossible, comprising 870 seismic events,has been compiled. Seismicity analysis ofthe region shows a strong concentration ofseismicity along a band of no more than400 km width oriented mainly in theeast-west direction parallel to the coast.Moreover, earthquakes in this zone arerather associated to strike-slip mechanism.The focal mechanism show a regional stressregime that corresponds to horizontalcompression in NW-SE to N-S direction. As aresult of the review of the seismicity ofnorth-eastern Algeria from the compilationof checked and corrected data and itscorrelation with other geologic andgeophysical investigations based ondocumentary sources, it was possible toconstruct a most complete seismotectonicmap. It leads also to delineate fourseismogenic zones in the Tellian Atlas, aless important zone in the Saharan Atlas, asixth zone at the boundary of both Atlasand finally, a seventh one along thecoastal zone. The seismicity-active faultscorrelation of some of these defined zonesis examined in details with a specialattention to the Saharan Atlas zone, theHodna and Biban zone as well as Soummam andBabor zone where further research workallowed to find some neotectonic featuresconsidered as a significant sign of recenttectonic activity.     

Flexure of the Indian plate and intraplate earthquakes

The flexural bulge in central India resulting from India's collision with Tibet has a wavelength of approximately 670 km. It is manifest topographically and in the free-air gravity anomaly and the geoid. Calculations of the stress distribution within a flexed Indian plate reveal spatial variations throughout the depth of the plate and also a function of distance from the Himalaya. The wavelength (and therefore local gradient) of stress variation is a function of the effective elastic thickness of the plate, estimates of which have been proposed to lie in the range 40–120 km. The imposition of this stress field on the northward moving Indian plate appears fundamental to explaining the current distribution of intraplate earthquakes and their mechanisms. The current study highlights an outer trough south of the flexural bulge in central India where surface stresses are double the contiguous compressional stresses to the north and south. The Bhuj, Latur and Koyna earthquakes and numerous other recent reverse faulting events occurred in this compressional setting. The N/S spatial gradient of stress exceeds 2 bars/km near the flexural bulge. The overall flexural stress distribution provides a physical basis for earthquake hazard mapping and suggests that areas of central India where no historic earthquakes are recorded may yet be the locus of future damaging events.     

2001年11月14日昆仑山口西8.1级地震前地震活动性异常及其思考s

2001年11月14日在昆仑山口西发生了8.1级地震，震中位置为90.9E、36.2N．分析表明，8.1级地震前一些主要地震活动性异常都出现了，例如空区、条带、增强、平静和震群等，且与7级大震比较，这些前兆图象的演变具有类似的过程，所不同的是8.1级地震的前兆地震活动图象涉及的区域范围更大、地震震级更高，这为特大地震的前兆识别和预报提供了依据．最后回顾了对这次大震的粗略预测，并讨论了有关大震预测的某些问题．      

山西大同盆地口泉断裂全新世古地震活动

野外调查表明 ,口泉断裂断错了断面附近的 3级地貌面 ,包括大同盆地西侧全新世形成的洪积扇后缘及位于洪积扇冲沟内的Ⅰ ,Ⅱ级阶地。其中冲沟内Ⅱ级阶地为剥蚀阶地 ,Ⅰ级阶地为堆积阶地 ,Ⅰ级阶地面的地层时代距今 2 52ka。在该断裂的悟道及上黄庄 2个地点开挖的大探槽表明 ,在距今 1 2 3万年以来该断裂曾发生 4次古地震事件 ,其中 3次分别发生在接近距今 2 52 ,5 6 8,13 73ka。另一次古地震事件发生在距今 6 76～ 10 82ka。这些数据有可能反映了口泉断裂具备准周期的强震活动。这 4次古地震事件的平均间隔约为 3 74ka ,最新一次古地震与上一次事件的时间间隔约为 3 16ka。 2个大探槽各次事件的平均最小同震垂直位移为 1 8m。这些资料对重新评价口泉断裂未来的地震潜势具有重要意义     

地震趋势分析法在台湾地区的应用

在北纬 2 1°～ 2 6° ,东经 119°～ 12 3°内 ,依据板块运动、地体构造界线、活动断层分析和强震震中分布四个因素 ,绘制台湾地区的地震地体构造区分图 ;将台湾地区分成东西两个地震区 ;E1～E4、W1～W4等共八个地震带。根据强震幕式分析、地震活动性水平分析、地震频次与缺震异常分析和空区与条带分析四个地震趋势分析步骤 ,分析 2 0 0 1年和 2 0 0 2年台湾地区的中强地震趋势。实际地震结果表明 ,这种地震趋势分析方法在台湾地区有非常好的应用效果。     

应用神经网络建立加速度峰值衰减规律

在假定了加速度峰值衰减规律的形式后，本采用人工神经网络拟合实际加速度峰值观测资料来求取方程中的待定系数。为加速神经网络的训练，本设计了基于ＢＰ学习算法的目标分段网络训练法。     

构造机理与地震大形势分析

对全球大震时空特征的分析表明，北南半球大震分布与陆地面积成比例，全球强震活动具有35年的地极移周期，并对一些具有全球活动特征的构造事件进行了机理探讨，最后对大陆西部强震的活动规律．尤其是主体活动区的特点进点了仔细的研究。给出了未来一段时间内的预测结果。     

云南地区1995～1996年三次强震爆发的共性研究

论述了在１９９５～１９９６年云南地区发生的孟连西南７．３级，武定６．５级和丽江７．０级３次强烈地震的孕育过程中，近源区中小地震的异常增频特点和临震前大气压力的突变共性，并据此提出，强震的发生乃是地壳内外力涨落地加剧的结果。     

湖南省黄石水库诱发地震的形成条件及成因探讨

在湖南桃源县黄石水库库区，由于张扭性活断层和深部岩溶的存在，水库蓄水后产生的附加应力场及水库区增强的岩石孔隙流体压力诱发了断层的断滑，使得库区应力集中区和岩溶发育区合二为一的地带发生构造型地震，从而在震活动的时间序列、空间规律，地震与库水位关系，震源深度、震情等方面表现出构造水库诱发地震的特点。     

湖南东江水库诱发地震

东江水库自蓄水前约半年起就开始进行地震监测，发震后通过密集台网强化观测、震源机制解及地震地质等多项工作，综合研究该库诱发地震发震原因，认为由于库水渗透引起的多种局部性应力调整导致水库诱发地震活动．其发展趋势将表现为逐渐衰减，今后不致于发生破坏性地震．