地球格网化剖分及其度量问题

地球剖分网格(或全球位置定位框架)系一种科学简明的空间参考系统,是地球信息数据的离散化、准确化、系统化的表现,这是地理信息科学和数字地球中重要的基础性问题,是全部地理计算的源头和归宿。近年来,随着GPS、北斗等卫星系统日趋发展和全球化应用,此相关于全球三维位置准确性、度量和全部空间分析准确性等基础问题受到人们高度重视。本文首先针对多年来地球剖分网格研究的进展和不足,提出和分析了网格数据的质量的若干问题,即剖分的完整性、逻辑一致性、准确度和一些相关问题;然后面向剖分中的定位和度量,指出了剖分对象及其度量空间特征,剖析了"3维结构及厘米级准确度"的革命性需求将对GIS体系和剖分科技体系发展产生重大的影响;接着,着重指出地球剖分的椭球三维途径的主体和剖分途径,论述了加强剖分基础理论阐述的内容和意义,并介绍了地图代数在地球剖分基础对象、椭球三维剖分和理论途径和相应试验。最后,课题组认为椭球型、(B,L,H)三组正交曲面剖分是地球剖分工作的正确途径,建议大力强化剖分理论基础研究,发展和完善剖分的标准体系,迅速创建地球剖分试验平台。     

城市基本比例尺地形图动态联动更新机制

随着测绘技术的发展,城市基本比例尺地形图更新方法也越来越多样化。文中在总结分析国内基本比例尺地形图更新情况的基础上,通过对顺德现有的地形图动态更新机制的完善,提出一种基本比例尺地形图动态联动更新机制,并经实用证明效果良好。     

基于模板的位置地图表达运行机制研究

对位置地图表达模板及表达约束条件进行分析研究,初步设计基于模板的位置地图表达框架。在顾及用户背景信息、地图显示载体信息、情境信息的综合作用下,通过对情境信息进行解析和推理,建立不同地图叠加要素与位置地图要素表达模板的映射关系,并对位置地图表达的触发原理、触发判断和运行机制进行分析研究。     

勘探线剖面图从二维转化为三维算法

用勘探线剖面图结合钻井与其他资料进行地质模型三维重建是三维地质建模的重要方法。其中勘探线剖面图从二维坐标系向三维坐标系的转换是三维建模的一个重要环节。针对当前勘探线剖面坐标转换过程中勘探线上钻孔并不总是布置在一条直线上(弯折勘探线)的特点,该文提出了一种构建弯折三维剖面的方法。该方法首先由剖面线的起点、终点以及勘探线上钻孔孔口点作为转折点构建三维折勘探线剖面框架;然后将二维剖面图上分段转换剖面上要素点的二维坐标到三维空间,并对跨越剖面转折点的长边添加转折控制点;最后以青海某煤田勘探区的二维勘探线剖面图数据为例,利用该勘探线剖面坐标转换算法,实现了二维勘探线剖面图到三维勘探线剖面图的转化,结果表明三维剖面上保持了原二维剖面所表达的地质模型的几何形态。     

一种GIS共享图形软件符号的方法

针对GIS平台难以共享图形软件符号的问题,该文以AI符号为研究对象,提出了GIS共享AI图形系统点状符号方法。通过研究两类系统地图符号模型差异,分析AI图形符号与基于路径的点状符号结构,对比两类符号模型的几何结构与样式类型,验证了基于路径点状符号结构的通用性;通过设计AI图形符号数据向基于路径点状符号数据的映射方法,提出了GIS共享AI图形系统点状符号方法,实现了GIS平台对AI图形系统符号的共享。实验结果表明,利用基于路径的点状符号能够共享存在于AI图形软件的图形符号,实现GIS平台共享图形符号资源。     

数字城管基础数据库多尺度表达技术探讨

针对数字城管基础数据库多尺度表达的需求和缩放可视化中出现的问题,在研究二维电子地图的多尺度表达方法的基础上,提出并设计了基于分级显示的数字城管数据库多尺度表达技术。它将数据库中的各类数据进行有规则的分级,使其在不同的比例尺下显示出来。该文以宝鸡市为例进行了数字城管基础数据库多尺度表达的实验,结果证明基于分级显示的数字城管基础数据库多尺度表达技术是可行的。     

复杂区域内自动联结三角网方法研究

本文对传统的自动联结三角网方法进行了改进，建立了区域的内、外边界，在三角形网的扩展中增加了边界限制，将自动联结三角网方法推广到凹多边形区域和多联通区域，提高了联网速度。     

Design and Implementation of a Distributed GIS Portal for Oil Spill and Harmful Algal Bloom Monitoring in the Marine Environment

A web-based distributed system for monitoring and forecasting of the marine environment has been developed in line with INfrastructure for SPatial InfoRmation in Europe (INSPIRE) and Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) recommendations for a European Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI). This system, called DISPRO, enables integration and distribution of multi-source data from satellites, aircraft, and in situ instruments, as well as results from numerical models. Geographic data and metadata are stored on a set of distributed computer nodes and retrieved and integrated by a web GIS client by means of Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Map Server (WMS) technologies. A profile of ISO 19115 was developed for metadata handling, using eXtensible Markup Language (XML) as a platform independent encoding mechanism. DISPRO has been demonstrated in six European coastal zone and ocean regions in the spring and summer of 2005. The overall positive experiences of both service providers and end users indicate that the system should be further developed into an operational GMES service.     

最新中国近海陆架底质类型图

本文系统地总结了编绘我国近海陆架沉积物(底质)类型分布图的历史和过程,阐述了近海海底沉积物的类型、分布及其形成规律,并提供了一幅最新的沉积类型图。     

Accessing Australian geodynamic information: The AGCRC website

The Australian Geodynamics Cooperative Research Centre (AGCRC) website <http://www.agcrc. csiro.au/> provides the main integrated presentation of the results of AGCRC research. It hosts a systematic presentation of project summaries, publication abstracts, regionally organised geodynamic syntheses and a GIS database containing a large number of broad‐scale earth science datasets from the Australian region, which are presented through an interactive map viewer. Effective interfaces are required to make the variety of content accessible to users. In particular, maintaining effective hyperlinking for a large and growing set of pages was a significant challenge. We found that by developing effective indexing tools we were able to apply a uniform technology to attack these problems. The index included both the full text of the pages from the website and also specific index terms of metadata. The metadata schema was designed to support both generalised discovery through a search interface and also to allow hyperlinks to be included automatically in pages by the server, so that the user could browse in a richly cross‐linked framework. It was necessary to manage textual and numeric data within the same framework because even the textual documents were generally tied to geospatial locations identified by their geographical coordinates. This required extensions to standard index and search tools, including the development of complete new indexing software. To assist the user in accessing the index, we provided a variety of user interfaces specialised for different themes in the website. For example, publication lists are generated in a conventional layout, and geospatial datasets are presented through an interactive map viewer and query system. The latter also demonstrated how visualisation tools for geospatial data can be provided in the web‐browser interface.