Pollen sequence from the Chilean Lake District during the Llanquihue glaciation in marine Oxygen Isotope Stages 4–2

Pollen stratigraphy of a core taken from a fen at Fundo Nueva Braunau (40°17.49′S, 73°04.83′W), situated 2 km beyond the western border of Llanquihue‐age glacial drift, spans an age range from an estimated 60 000–70 000 BP to about 14 000 ¹⁴C yr BP (marine Oxygen Isotope Stages 4–2). The location at present is in the contact zone of Valdivian Evergreen Forest and Lowland Deciduous Beech Forest. Early and late in the pollen record, as indicated by assemblages of southern beech (Nothofagus dombeyi type) and grass (Gramineae), the site was located in Subantarctic Parkland. Intervening assemblages represent expansion of Valdivian–North Patagonian Evergreen Forest (> 49 355 to about 40 000 ¹⁴C yr BP) and North Patagonian Evergreen Forest–Subantarctic Parkland (approximately 40 000 to 30 000 ¹⁴C yr BP). Climate over the time span was under the storm regime of the Southern Westerlies and apparently uninterruptedly wet. When Subantarctic Parkland expanded, cold conditions with summer temperatures estimated at 8–9°C (7°C lower than present) resulted in episodes of glacier maxima. Climate moderated during the period of forest expansion, at which time glaciers were in a state of recession. Contrasting with the continuously wet climate of the Lake District for the period of record, climate in semi‐arid–arid, subtropical Chile underwent extended intervals of precipitation. Data from both the terrestrial and marine realm implicate the Southern Westerlies as the cause of intensified storm activity at lower latitudes. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国西北地区石炭系泥岩稀土元素地球化学特征及其地质意义

详细研究了中国西北地区石炭系泥岩的稀土元素地球化学特征。各样品稀土总量为18 86× 10 -6～ 6 2 0 4× 10 -6,变化较大 ,其中祁连地区REE总量为 76 49× 10 -6～ 6 2 0 4×10 -6,甘肃永昌煤山子剖面的稀土总量最高 ,新疆北部地区泥岩和灰岩 (泥灰岩 )的稀土总量均较低。各泥岩样品的轻稀土富集 ,Eu负异常 ,δEu介于 0 44～ 0 90之间 ,δCe部分为正异常 (>1) ,部分为负异常 (<1)。研究区样品的Sm含量与北美页岩样品相比为正异常 ,Dy出现负异常的样品较多。根据稀土元素δCe和Ceanow的变化 ,反映当时新疆北部地区水介质环境大部分为缺氧的还原条件 ;祁连地区为海陆过渡环境 ,部分为氧化条件 ,另一部分为缺氧的还原条件 ,这与其他相标志所显示的结果是一致的。根据稀土元素组合及比值的变化 ,显示物源区母岩为花岗岩和玄武岩的混合来源 ,稀土分布模式均为轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损型 ,重稀土配分曲线较为平坦 ,显示源岩为粘土岩、花岗岩和中性岩的混合来源。     

韩国济洲岛下西归浦组的时代及其古环境

韩国济洲岛下西归浦组的时代归属一直存在着争论。该段地层中浮游有孔虫 Globigerina calida calida、Beella digitata、 Globigerina bermudezi和 Globoquadrina conglomerata的发现表明了它应为中更新世 (晚 N 2 2带、即 Globigerina calida calida亚带 ,不晚于 40万年前 )的沉积。底栖、浮游有孔虫的定量统计分析揭示了下西归浦组沉积环境的变化 :下部的沉积环境为岸外中陆架暖水 ,而向上则演变成近岸内陆架温凉水。有孔虫组合的更替反映了下西归浦组沉积是一个由次一级的 3个亚海退和 2个亚海进组成的海退序列。     

黑龙江省东部绥滨坳陷下白垩统泥岩稀土元素地球化学特征

通过对滨参1井下白垩统泥岩的取样分析,认为黑龙江省东部绥滨坳陷下白垩统泥岩的稀土元素具如下地球化学特征：（1）各组泥岩的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式都表现出轻稀土相对于重稀土明显富集和具有明显负Eu异常的特点，但∑REE、∑LREE/∑HREE、LaN/YbN 、LaN/SmN、GdN/YbN、Eu/Eu*、Ce/Ce*和（La/Yb）UCC等参数则显示出明显的不同，反映了泥岩形成时的物源有差别。滴道组和城子河组的物源可能主要为绥滨坳陷南部桦南隆起地区的花岗岩、东南部宝清地区的沉积岩和东部东三江盆地的沉积岩；穆棱组和东山组物源可能主要为绥滨坳陷东南部宝清地区的沉积岩和东部东三江盆地的沉积岩。在穆棱组和东山组沉积期，还可能有来自下地壳或幔源的深部物质加入，导致物源发生了很大的变化。（2）Ce/Ce*和Ceanom指数显示绥滨坳陷早白垩世各组泥岩的古环境均为还原环境，对油气生成十分有利。（3）绥滨坳陷早白垩世为大陆边缘环境，其构造演化过程为活动-稳定-活动。     

湖南慈利溪口剖面埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组碳酸盐岩微量元素特征及其古环境意义

以湖南慈利溪口埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组剖面为研究对象,分析了64件碳酸盐岩样品的微量元素以及稀土元素特征。结果表明,利用U/Th、Ce异常和Ca/Mg等多种指标识别出的陡山沱期古氧化还原环境与层序地层学的研究结果基本一致,说明碳酸盐岩的这3个指标在重建埃迪卡拉纪古海洋环境的研究中具有一定的适用性。稀土元素配分模式在陡山沱组底部和中部均发生了明显的由典型淡水模式向典型古海水模式的转变,很可能指示了在Marinoan冰期和Gaskier冰期结束之后,大量的间冰期冰融淡水注入海洋并逐步被古海水取代。较高的Eu异常值以及前人在溪口剖面发现的多期古地震证据可能暗示了海底热液活动几乎贯穿于整个埃迪卡拉纪陡山沱期,且具有早期剧烈、晚期逐渐趋于平缓的特征。多期次的海底热液活动为古海洋提供了重要的磷质来源,对埃迪卡拉纪生物的出现与繁盛具有重要的意义。     

西藏拉萨河现代河漫滩及一级阶地沉积物植硅体组合特征

摘　要　通过测制西藏拉萨桑达乡第四系剖面,系统采集并分析了植硅体样品,根据植硅体的形态分类及组合、温暖指数等特征,划分为５个植硅体组合带:组合带Ⅰ为齿型—平滑棒型、石屑型、网脊块状,反映气温温凉;组合带Ⅱ为长方型—平滑棒型、多面体型,显示气候转暖;组合带Ⅲ为长方型、齿型—平滑棒型组合带,显示气候干旱的特点;组合带Ⅳ为长方型—亚铃型、齿型—平滑棒型、多面体型组合带,反映此时气候温暖潮湿;组合带Ⅴ为齿型、帽—平滑棒型、多面体型、石屑组合带,显示气候寒冷的特点。最后在总结分析该区植硅体特征的基础上,对拉萨桑达地区第四纪古植被、古环境进行了探讨。     

Systematic biotic responses to palaeoenvironmental change in the Late Pleistocene southern South China Sea: a preliminary study

Oxygen and carbon isotopes from the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides sacculifer, trace element contents, calcium carbonate, biogenic silica, grain size, and abundances of diatoms, radiolarians and foraminifera in a deep‐sea core from the southwestern South China Sea were analysed to investigate the response of various marine ecological communities to environmental changes over the last 200 ka. The synthesised results show that the quality of the palaeoecological environment for biological growth is primarily affected by nutrient supply and terrigenous disturbance. Ba and P are important nutrient elements for the growth of diatoms, radiolarians and planktonic foraminifera. Together with dissolved silica and calcium carbonate in sea water, these elements may control microbiotic development. However, variations in Fe content appear to affect diatom and radiolarian abundance. Optimal biotic growth occurs when nutrients are abundant and when there is minimal terrigenous disturbance. Biotic growth decreases when sea water is highly oligotrophic and terrigenous input is high. Maximum biological growth occurred in the mid Holocene, but deteriorated soon afterwards owing to increased terrigenous input, causing a decrease of biological abundance and productivity in the late Holocene. The results also indicate how the Toba volcanic eruption ca. 74 ka ago contributed to changing the ecological environment in the southern South China Sea. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

State-of-the-art overview of the Loess Palaeolithic of Poland

In Poland, loess mainly occurs in the southern part of the country, in the Polish Uplands, and on the northern foreland of the Sudetes and the Carpathians. Most of these sediments come from the time of the last glaciation–the Vistulian (Weichselian) glaciation. Thin covers of loess from the penultimate glaciation have been preserved in Upper Silesia. Only a few sites from the Middle Palaeolithic remain in the loess. In the eastern part of Poland loess creates profiles several metres high. Discoveries in this zone represent the cultural sequence from the transition from the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic. We know more traces of various cultures from the Upper Palaeolithic exist. The study attempts to synchronise profiles from selected archaeological open-air sites, outlines of the history of research on loess sites, and attempts to explain terminological and conceptual issues. The issue of loess in the cave site profiles will not be discussed in the article.