内蒙白彦花水塘中现生叶肢介的生态考察及其对古环境重建的意义

在内蒙古自治区白彦花车站附近分布的20余个坑塘和1个较大的湖泊中,生活着大量的叶肢介。对该地区叶肢介的生活习性（游动、觅食、交配等）和生存环境（坑塘的大小、水温、水体的pH值和气温）进行的调查显示：叶肢介一般活动在浅水水域,如坑塘和湖泊边缘的浅水地带;他们的游动非常缓慢,大约1cm/s;当他们交配时就停留在某处,雄性用附肢拨动含有其精子的水流,使其流向雌性的壳内（即雌性壳体与软体之间）,以使卵子受精。这些事实表明,叶肢介只能适应于静水或弱流水环境。叶肢介的现代环境与古环境的对比研究显示两者是非常相似的,因此,现生叶肢介生态和环境的研究对恢复他们的古生态与古环境具有重要的意义。     

青藏高原晚新生代磁性地层研究

本文较详细的论述了青藏高原晚新生代晚期的２０多个地层剖面或钻孔的磁性地层极性期,得出了一批地层年代数据。如昆仑山口羌塘组为３．１ＭａＢＰ－０．６５ＭａＢＰ,在该组中发现的三趾马化石为２．０８ＭａＢＰ,定日县贡巴组为２．３ＭａＢＰ－１．９ＭａＢＰ;札达盆地札达组和香孜组为６．１５ＭａＢＰ－３．４ＭａＢＰ,３．４ＭａＢＰ－１．２５ＭａＢＰ;理塘甲洼组为１．２４ＭａＢＰ－０．４３ＭａＢＰ,还得出吉隆三跖     

渤海湾西北岸中全新世埋藏牡蛎礁的硅藻记录及古环境意义

通过对渤海湾西北岸大吴庄牡蛎礁壳体内部的泥质填充物中硅藻组合的研究,试图探讨该区沉积硅藻组合变化指示的礁体古气候环境变化.分析结果表明,在 7 200～5 600 cal. a BP 整个礁体建造期间,沿岸种 Cyclotella stylorum 是含量最丰富的硅藻种类,其与海水种 Thalassionema nitzschioides 的含量变化指示了礁体生长区河流径流与海水相互作用的强弱波动,主要包括三个阶段:7 200～6 500 cal. a BP,礁体建造初期,礁体受海水影响显著;6 500～5 720 cal. a BP,礁体建造中期,礁体生长区的盐度降低,海水作用减弱,淡水作用增强;5 720～5 600 cal.a BP,礁体建造结束期,礁体生长区的盐度显著降低,礁体受海水影响进一步减弱.     

岱海沉积物粒度特征及其古环境意义

处于北方环境敏感带的封闭湖泊岱海，其沉积物的粒度特征反映了岱海降水、水动力搬运强度以及湖面水位高低的变化。较为丰富的降水及较强的水动力条件容易沉积成分较粗的陆源碎屑颗粒；当湖面较低时，缩短了沉积物搬运区与沉积区的距离，也容易使沉积物粗颗粒组分增加，但仅从平均粒径大小上很难时对其沉积作用形式作出判断。通过对贷海沉积物粒度频率曲线的分析，讨论了湖泊的几种可能沉积作用，区分了正常流水沉积与极端条件下风力作用以及水流与风力作用混合沉积，从而揭示了沉积时的古环境特征，在岩心12．34－14．18m段，即10．5ka前具有低湖面、气候寒冷、降水多次波动的特点。     

黑龙江省东部绥滨坳陷下白垩统泥岩稀土元素地球化学特征

通过对滨参1井下白垩统泥岩的取样分析,认为黑龙江省东部绥滨坳陷下白垩统泥岩的稀土元素具如下地球化学特征：（1）各组泥岩的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式都表现出轻稀土相对于重稀土明显富集和具有明显负Eu异常的特点，但∑REE、∑LREE/∑HREE、LaN/YbN 、LaN/SmN、GdN/YbN、Eu/Eu*、Ce/Ce*和（La/Yb）UCC等参数则显示出明显的不同，反映了泥岩形成时的物源有差别。滴道组和城子河组的物源可能主要为绥滨坳陷南部桦南隆起地区的花岗岩、东南部宝清地区的沉积岩和东部东三江盆地的沉积岩；穆棱组和东山组物源可能主要为绥滨坳陷东南部宝清地区的沉积岩和东部东三江盆地的沉积岩。在穆棱组和东山组沉积期，还可能有来自下地壳或幔源的深部物质加入，导致物源发生了很大的变化。（2）Ce/Ce*和Ceanom指数显示绥滨坳陷早白垩世各组泥岩的古环境均为还原环境，对油气生成十分有利。（3）绥滨坳陷早白垩世为大陆边缘环境，其构造演化过程为活动-稳定-活动。     

韩国济洲岛下西归浦组的时代及其古环境

韩国济洲岛下西归浦组的时代归属一直存在着争论。该段地层中浮游有孔虫 Globigerina calida calida、Beella digitata、 Globigerina bermudezi和 Globoquadrina conglomerata的发现表明了它应为中更新世 (晚 N 2 2带、即 Globigerina calida calida亚带 ,不晚于 40万年前 )的沉积。底栖、浮游有孔虫的定量统计分析揭示了下西归浦组沉积环境的变化 :下部的沉积环境为岸外中陆架暖水 ,而向上则演变成近岸内陆架温凉水。有孔虫组合的更替反映了下西归浦组沉积是一个由次一级的 3个亚海退和 2个亚海进组成的海退序列。     

Barite concretions as evidence of pauses in sedimentation in the Marnes Bleues Formation of the Vocontian Basin (SE France)

Several intervals rich in barite nodules occur in the mid-Cretaceous marls of the Vocontian Trough (SE France). These concretions, which grew on heterogeneities in the sediment, are arranged as horizons parallel to the bedding, and are often associated with carbonate and phosphate nodules. Detailed sedimentological and stratigraphical observations suggest that they represent the consequence of short-term pauses in sedimentation during early diagenesis, but the most important occurrences of barite are below prominent discontinuities. This may be explained by the frequency of pauses in sedimentation caused by a progressive starvation, or an increase in the energy of bottom-water currents. The high number of barite occurrences on the basin margins is directly linked to the recurrence of sedimentary breaks. The geochemical data show that the host sediment corresponds to a pelagic setting, far from hydrothermal influences, but generally in a restricted, dysoxic to suboxic, depositional environment. The sulphur isotopic composition of the barite sulphate (+16 to +76‰ rel. CDT) supports the hypothesis of an early diagenetic origin of the barite nodules. Their genesis may be explained by the fixation of a diagenetic front corresponding to the penetration of a sulphate reduction zone from the seawater–sediment interface down in the sediment which is in contact with barium-rich porewaters expelled upwards as a consequence of compaction. The barium of biogenic origin, initially stored in the underlying black shale, was mobilized under strongly reducing conditions. Such fixation is normally induced by a pause or a stop in sedimentation due to starvation or renewed bottom-water circulation. Together with other concretions, the barite nodules mark condensed stratigraphic intervals and often represent major breaks. As such they shed light on variations in sedimentary activity and their importance in the sedimentology and stratigraphy of pelagic marly sequences cannot be ignored.     

Trace and rare earth element geochemistry of the Upper Triassic mudstones in the southern Ordos Basin,Central China

Oil‐source correlation studies have demonstrated that the crude oils in the Ordos Basin were mainly derived from organic‐rich lacustrine mudstones of the Yanchang Formation. The sedimentology, petrology and organic geochemistry of these mudstones have been studied intensively, but their trace and rare earth element (REE) characteristics have received little attention. In this paper, we present trace and rare earth element data of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation mudstones in the southern Ordos Basin to constrain the palaeoenvironment, provenance and depositional setting. Our results show that the REE and trace element concentrations of the Yanchang Formation mudstones are higher than those of the upper continental crust (UCC). The Sr contents and Sr/Ba and Y/Ho ratios of these mudstones indicate the absence of a marine transgression during the sedimentation of the Upper Triassic mudstones. The depositional environment of the Upper Triassic mudstones was slightly oxic as evidenced by the values of Eu/Eu*, Ce/Ce*, Ce_anom, δU, U/Th, V/Cr and Ni/Co. The UCC‐normalized distribution pattern of REEs, spider diagrams, the ratios of related elements, the bivariate diagrams of Th/Sc–Zr/Sc and La/Th–Hf and the ternary plots of La–Th–Sc and Th–Sc–Zr/10 signify that the provenances of the Chang9–7 mudstones were mainly derived from a continental island arc, whereas the provenances of the Chang6–3 mudstones were mainly derived from a mixture of continental island arc and active continental margin, and the latter contain less recycled materials. Combined with the previous studies of detrital zircon dating and petrography of the Yanchang Formation sandstones in the southern Ordos basin, we propose that the Qinling orogenic belt served as one of the primary source regions occurring between the Chang7 and Chang6 periods, corresponding to the initial uplift of the west Qinling Mountains due to the collision between the Yangtze and North China blocks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.