砂体及其研究价值

本文论述了砂体的意义，砂体的研究价值，砂体的分类，并从多方面阐明了砂体在可地浸砂岩型铀矿找矿工作中的作用。抛砖引玉，力图推进砂体的研究工作，为可地浸砂岩型铀矿的找矿工作服务。     

第二松花江流域水电厂综合中长期水文预报的分析研究

基于对第二松花江流域上游小山、松山、两江水电站中长期水文预报研究成果，论述了综合中长期水文预报的研究思路和定性预报、定量预报的分析研究方法。该研究通过2002年实践检验，具有较高的预报精度。     

Comparison of ecophysiological characteristics between introduced and indigenous mangrove species in China

Due to its rapid growth, the introduced mangrove species Sonneratia apetala from Bangladesh has been widely used in mangrove restoration in southeastern China since 1985. As an indigenous mangrove species in Hainan, China, Sonneratia caseolaris was also planted in Guangdong Province for afforestation purposes. Both species have developed well in their new habitats, but their ecophysiological differences with the native mangrove species have not been studied. In this study, leaf gas exchange, water and nitrogen use efficiencies of two Sonneratia species were compared with those of selected native mangrove species (Avicennia marina, Aegiceras corniculatum, Kandelia candel, and Excoecaria agallocha) in Hainan and Shenzhen. The introduced S. apetala maintained lower carbon assimilation rate (A) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) than the indigenous S. caseolaris. In Shenzhen, the two introduced Sonneratia had comparable photosynthetic rates and water use efficiency (WUE) with the native mangrove species, except that PNUE in S. caseolaris was significantly higher than in the native mangrove species. The two Sonneratia species showed significant overlap in PNUE and long-term WUE. Photosynthetic parameters derived from leaf photosynthetic light–response curves and A–C_i curves also suggested lower carbon assimilation capacities for the introduced Sonneratia than for the native mangrove species in both study sites. The lower light compensation point (LCP) of two introduced Sonneratia in both study sites also indicated a better adaptation to a low light regime than the native mangrove species. The results of photosynthetic capacities indicated that the introduced mangrove species have little competitive advantage over local native mangrove species in their respective new habitats.     

规则波作用下台阶地形上墩柱绕流三维数值研究

利用Flow-3D建立三维数值波浪水槽,模拟波浪在不对称台阶地形上的传播。系统研究规则波作用下墩柱周围水流的流动特性,分析墩柱周围的瞬时速度场、涡量场以及KC值变化,不同相位时墩柱前、后水平流速分布情况。结果表明:波浪在台阶地形传播的过程中,墩柱迎水面的涡动结构不够明显;高涡量呈对称状聚集在墩柱的背水面,并形成一对旋转方向相反的涡结构;周期对KC值的影响比波高的影响要明显;墩柱迎水面水平方向流速变化较大,侧面水平流速变化最为剧烈,背面由于受到墩柱的掩护作用水平方向流速变化不大,在墩柱的正面和侧面竖向环流明显。     

一株海洋微藻的分离鉴定及其产油条件优化

自青岛近岸海水中分离到一株硅藻,经形态学和分子生物学鉴定,表明该藻与小头菱形藻(Nitzschia microcephala)最为相近,18SrDNA相似性99%以上。研究以f/2培养基为基础,对该藻的生长和油脂积累条件进行探析,表明其在pH=6~8时具有较高的生长速率,最大可达到0.01d-1,油脂含量随pH的升高而降低;添加SiO2-3可以抑制菱形藻的生长和油脂积累;高浓度的Fe3+能促进菱形藻的生长;在Zn2+浓度为1.74μmol/L的条件下,菱形藻能够较好地生长并且进行油脂的积累;其中pH、SiO2-3和Fe3+是影响该藻生长和油脂积累的主要因子。正交试验研究表明,该藻在f/2培养液中生长和油脂积累的最优条件为初始pH=9,SiO2-3和Fe3+添加浓度分别为0.07和100μmol/L。在该最优条件下,该藻的生物量和油脂积累可分别达到94.7mg/L和19.6%。     

上海地区基于静力触探的液化判别分析

上海地区(及其他软土地区)以静探触探作为岩土工程勘察的主要原位测试手段,积累了大量的工程数据,其结果稳定可靠,重现性好,具客观性。采用上海地区静探液化判别方法,对收集的大量资料进行统计分析,以期通过静探Ps值快速、简单地作出地基土是否液化的初步判断,有效指导勘察设计工作。     

南海东北部台风潮的数值后报及极值增水估计

本研究对近40年来影响南海东北部陆架海区的28次台风引起的风暴潮进行了数值后报,其中8个过程的沿岸后报增水值与实测值进行了比较,表明后报值与实测值符合良好,90%以上的最大增水值偏差在30厘米以下。为了得出本海区多年一遇的台风增水极值,在后报台风路径密集处选择了9个不同水深点,对每点取出各次台风下的最大增水值,然后用Weibull分布进行拟合,得出了各点的极值分布。     

大亚湾沉积物中重金属元素背景值研究

根据大亚湾的自然条件认为,大亚湾沉积物的物质来源是其周围集水区的岩石风化壳,并计算了其风化壳中重金属元素的平均丰度值;又根据沉积物的粒度和深层沉积物重金属元素的含量资料,列方程计算出湾内沉积物中重金属元素的平均含量,根据这两组数据,确定该区域内重金属元素的平均背景值。再通过粒度关系,计算得出大亚湾内各站沉积物中重金属元素的背景值。应用此结果和大亚湾沉积物重金属元素实测结果,计算了由人为影响带入沉积物中的重金属元素含量,了解其受污染的程度。     

西太平洋雅浦海沟区海底热流原位测量

为了解西太平洋雅浦海沟区俯冲带及岛弧两侧的海底热流分布情况,2015年1-3月期间的西太平洋海山航次中,"科学"号利用最新一代Lister型热流探针对该区域开展了海底热流原位测量工作。沿着横跨俯冲带的站位测线,本次进行了10个热流站位测量,共获得8个站位的有效数据。测量结果表明,该地区地温梯度的变化范围为0.011~0.137 Km-1,平均0.089 Km-1,热导率的变化范围为0.58~1.32 Wm-1K-1,热流值则在14.4~118.85 mWm-2之间,平均为68.02 mWm-2。热流值分布显示,雅浦岛弧附近具有较高的热流值,自雅浦岛弧向两侧热流值逐渐降低,低热流区主要分布在帕里西维拉海盆。由于该地区热流测量数据依然稀缺,深入的讨论有待进一步研究。     

Analysis of the economic benefits associated with the recovery of threatened marine mammal species in the Canadian St. Lawrence Estuary

This paper examines Canadians' willingness to pay to recover the populations of three marine mammal species found in the St Lawrence Estuary. The valuation approach utilized a stated preference tool that is somewhat a hybrid between contingent valuation and a choice experiment with multiple species recovery program options and choices framed as referenda. Program options involved the use of a marine protected area and restrictions on whale watching and shipping industries. The estimated willingness to pay (WTP) for different levels of marine mammal recovery ranged from $77 to $229 per year per household and varied according to the species affected and the recovery program effort. A series of tests revealed that people would be willing to pay more for programs that contribute to greater increases in marine mammal populations, but the additional value of programs that improve a species status beyond the “at risk” threshold is relatively small.