综合多种特征的后方交会法

为了解决摄影测量、计算机视觉领域中缺乏明显特征点给后方交会带来的难题,基于广义点摄影测量理论,提出了利用水平线、垂直线、线段与水平圆的综合多种特征的后方交会法,论述了该方法的数学模型及适用范围。模拟数据与真实数据的实验结果表明,该方法切实可行,能够极大地减少传统后方交会法对特征点的依赖,多余观测量的引入也能够在一定程度提高计算结果的精度与稳定性。     

Study on far field wave patterns and their characteristics of Havelock form green function

A new mathematical integral representation including five integrals about the far field wave shape function of Havelock form translating-pulsating source is obtained by performing variable substitution. Constant-phase curves and propagation wave patterns are investigated by applying stationary phase analysis method to the new representation. Some findings are summarized as follows: (1) when 0< <0.25 (where is the Strouhal number), three types of stationary phase curves corresponding to three propagation wave patterns such as fan wave pattern, inner V and outer V wave patterns, are found in the integral representation. (2) When >0.25, besides three types of wave patterns such as a ring-faning wave pattern, a fan wave pattern and an inner V wave pattern, a new one called parallel wave pattern is also found which not only exists in the integrals about the ring-fan wave and fan wave, but also in the integrals whose interval is 0, . In addition, Characteristics about these parallel waves such as mathematical expressions, existence conditions, propagation directions and wave lengths are obtained, and cancellation relationships between these parallel waves are stated, which certificates the fact that there are no parallel waves existing in the far field.     

Effect of sulphates and curing period on stress–strain curves and failure modes of soil–lime–natural pozzolana mixtures

Abstract

An experimental investigation was undertaken in order to assess the effect of sodium (Na₂SO₄) and calcium (CaSO₄·2H₂O) sulphates and curing period on stress–strain curves and failure modes of grey (GS) and red (RS) clayey soils stabilised by lime (L), natural pozzolana (NP) and their combinations (L–NP). Several soil–L–NP mixtures were studied to be used as subgrade soils for road pavements. Stress–strain curves were obtained from unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test made on several soil–L–NP specimens after curing for 7 and 120 days. Tests results showed that the use of L or L–NP without sulphates produced a significant increase in peaks stress of both clayey soils and then modified their stress–strain curves from nonlinear to linear behaviour almost up to 70% of peak stress after a longer curing period. However, the presence of 2% Na₂SO₄ or any CaSO₄·2H₂O content provided beneficial effects on peaks stress and stress–strain curves of both stabilised clayey soils and then improved their linearity almost up to 95% of peak stress after curing for 120 days. In contrast, the presence of 6% Na₂SO₄ caused undesirable effects. In addition, both sulphates greatly affected the failure modes of soil–L–NP specimens, particularly at a later stage.     

A novel approach for modelling soil–water characteristic curves with hysteresis

Soil–water characteristic curves can be defined as the relationship between the degree of saturation and suction of an unsaturated soil. Geomaterials, such as clays, sands, and geotextiles, usually exhibit hysteresis between drying and wetting curves. In addition, each drying and wetting curve is nonlinear in shape, which may be approximated by sigmoid curves. In geotechnical engineering, it is common to adopt analytical expressions for these curves that must be calibrated iteratively by trying different values for the constitutive parameters. In this paper, a novel approach for modelling the nonlinear saturation–suction response with hysteresis is presented, where a simple differential equation is introduced to describe the shapes of the curves. The great advantage of this new technique is the ease with which the parameters can be determined. In addition, the implementation of the resulting equations into fully hydro-mechanical models for numerical analyses is straightforward. Some features of the behaviour predicted with the new representation are studied and validations against real laboratory curves for soils are presented. The technique is simple, yet versatile due to the rational basis used in the deduction of the equations, which allows for future extensions to soils displaying more complex unsaturated behaviour.     

多参数曲线反演技术在圈定岩浆岩侵入煤层范围中的应用

波阻抗反演技术把具有高纵向分辨率的测井资料与连续观测的地震资料联系起来,提高了地震资料的分辨率和地质勘探的研究程度。煤田中岩浆岩侵入煤层现象普遍存在,针对这一问题,进行了尝试,提出利用多参数曲线来圈定岩浆岩侵入煤层的范围。     

中国不同类型钨矿床稀土元素地球化学研究成果综述

钨矿的稀土元素地球化学可以反映成矿作用的条件和过程,为矿床成因提供有效的信息。中国钨矿床稀土元素地球化学的研究硕果累累,从单矿种角度进行全国性的系统总结十分必要。本文统计了1990年至2016年间不同类型钨矿床钨矿石矿物及与成矿有关岩体的稀土元素300多组数据。通过总结可知,不同类型钨矿床钨矿石矿物及与成矿有关花岗岩中稀土元素的总量和稀土配分曲线不同,这与成矿原始物质及成矿时物理化学条件的不同有关。不同类型钨矿床大部分具有Eu负异常的特征,显示成矿条件为较高温的还原环境;黑钨矿及其成矿岩体的稀土分配模式之间存在一定的依从关系,但是,黑钨矿中的稀土元素并没有随着岩浆-流体的结晶分异而富集。     

土的动模量和阻尼比的经验估计

本文对现有土的动应力－应变关系试验成果进行了分析和总结，推荐了用不同物性指标估算Ｇｍａｘ的经验公式，用塑性指数Ｉｐ描述Ｇ／Ｇｍａｘ－γ和λ－γ关系的经验曲线，并提出了用Ｉｐ为参数的Ｇｍａｘ、Ｇ／Ｇｍａｘ－γ和λ－γ曲线的经验公式，对工程应用颇有实用价值。     

化学腐蚀对黄河小浪底砂岩力学特性的影响

利用岩石细观加载仪和数字显微观测系统，进行了黄河小浪底砂岩在不同化学腐蚀下的单轴压缩破裂过程试验，探讨了不同浓度，不同pH值和不同化学溶液对岩石力学特性的影响，分析了在化学腐蚀下岩石的细观破裂行为，给出了部分砂岩荷载位移变化曲线。     

基于Hilbert空间分区和Geohash索引的并行Ripley's K函数

作为二阶点模式分析方法,Ripley’s K函数(简称K函数)以距离为自变量探测不同尺度下点事件的分布模式及演变规律,在生态学、经济学、地理学等诸多领域得到广泛应用。然而,随着点规模的增加,估计与模拟阶段点对距离遍历计算时间开销激增,严重制约了K函数的应用,算法流程优化与并行加速成为应对海量点数据下K函数性能瓶颈及可计算性问题的关键技术手段。针对默认数据分区未考虑点事件空间邻近性导致跨节点通讯成本高昂且K函数距离阈值较大时索引优化失效的现象,本文提出一种基于空间填充曲线的K函数优化加速方法。该方法采用Hilbert曲线构建空间分区,在顾及数据空间邻近性的前提下减少分区间数据倾斜和通讯开销;在分区基础上,利用Geohash编码改进各分区内本地空间索引策略加速点对距离计算。本文以湖北省工商企业注册数据为例,通过对比实验分析了默认分区无索引、KDB分区组合R树索引、本文Hilbert分区组合Geohash索引算法在不同数据规模、距离阈值、集群规模下的计算耗时。结果表明,300 000点数据规模下本文方法的时间开销约为默认分区无索引方法的1/4,9台节点下加速比超过3.6倍。因此,该方法能有效...     

脆性岩石破裂演化过程的三维细胞自动机模拟

在三维条件下定义了实体细胞自动机的基本组件,综合运用弹塑性理论、细胞自动机自组织演化理论、统计原理以及岩石力学理论等,建立了模拟岩石三维破裂过程的张量型细胞自动机模型,并开发了相应的数值模拟软件EPCA3D。利用EPCA3D对脆性岩石进行单轴压缩破裂过程模拟,通过破裂模式、岩样内部破裂情况、全应力-应变曲线和声发射曲线等的分析,揭示岩石破裂的机制。结果表明,EPCA3D能够较好地模拟非均质岩石在载荷作用下微裂纹的萌生、扩展和贯通的全过程。利用该模拟系统,采用应力-应变线性组合的加载控制方式,研究了不同围压对岩石全应力-应变曲线的影响。研究结果表明：对于脆性非均质岩石,低围压下容易表现为II类行为,且强度较低;高围压下容易表现为I类变形行为,且强度较高。