对山西省防雷装置设计审核及竣工验收工作的思考

山西省防雷装置设计审核和竣工验收工作与全国发达省份相比,开展比较缓慢,全省各市发展也极不平衡。本文通过对全省此项工作开展情况进行分析,提出了一些促进性的发展意见,仅供参考。     

Transition of metamorphic series from the Kyanite- to andalusite-types in the Altai orogen, Xinjiang, China: Evidence from petrography and calculated KMnFMASH and KFMASH phase relations

Metamorphic zones in the Chinese Altai orogen have previously been separated into the kyanite- and andalusite-types, the andalusite-type being spatially more extensive. The kyanite-type involves a zonal sequence of biotite, garnet, staurolite, kyanite, sillimanite and, locally, garnet–cordierite zones. The andalusite-type zonal sequence is similar: it includes biotite, garnet and staurolite zones at lower-T conditions and sillimanite and garnet–cordierite zones at higher-T conditions, but additionally contains staurolite–andalusite and andalusite–sillimanite zones at intermediate-T conditions. As relic kyanite-bearing assemblages commonly persist in the staurolite–andalusite, andalusite–sillimanite and sillimanite zones, it is not clear that the distinction is valid. On the basis of a reevaluation of phase relations modelled in KMnFMASH and KFMASH pseudosections, kyanite and andalusite-bearing rocks of the Chinese Altai orogen record, respectively, the typical burial and exhumation history of the terrane. Mineral assemblages distributed through the various zones reflect a mix of portions of the ambient P–T array and the effects of evolving P–T conditions. The comparatively low-T biotite, garnet and staurolite zones mostly preserve kyanite-type peak assemblages that only experienced minor changes during exhumation. Rocks in the comparatively high-T sillimanite and garnet–cordierite zones are dominated by mineral assemblages of a transitional sillimanite type, having formed by the extensive modification of earlier higher pressure assemblages during exhumation. Only rocks in the intermediate-T kyanite and probably some lower sillimanite zones were clearly recrystallized by late stage andalusite metamorphism, producing the staurolite–andalusite and andalusite–sillimanite zones. This andalusite metamorphism could not reach an equilibrium state because of limited fluid availability.     

Geochemical Characterization Given by Rock-Eval Parameters and N-alkanes Distribution on Ypresian Organic Matter at Jebel Chaker, Tunisia

Sedimentary rock samples from Jebel Chaker in the eastern part of the Ypresian basin in central‐northern Tunisia were analyzed using various geochemical methods in order to decipher their organic signature. Examination of the distribution of total organic carbon (1.04–1.82%) suggests that the petroleum potential of Ypresian facies is not ignored in such area. The Ypresian episode permitted the accumulation of organic matter, which is typically marine plankton as indicated by the unimodal distribution of N‐alkane at nC₁₈ and by the predominance of the aliphatic hydrocarbons compared to the aromatics. It is concluded that the Ypresian organic matter is relatively immature, as indicated by the high content of polar compounds (3–67%) in bitumen. This conclusion is supported by the relative low T_max values (433–438°C), suggesting that the organic matter is located towards the end of diagenesis and beginning of catagenesis. These new results testify to the establishment of suboxic conditions that led to the accumulation and preservation of good quantities of organic matter in central‐northern Tunisia during the Ypresian. Due to their geochemical characteristics, the Chaker facies represent new potential source rocks in central‐northern Tunisia.     

基于奇异值分解法的核磁测井解谱算法

核磁测井资料的处理与解释是核磁测井技术的关键,也是其应用的难点所在。介绍了利用奇异值分解法对回波串进行处理,求得最小二乘意义下的最优解,进一步得到关于孔隙度分布的T2谱。并利用T2分布谱对实际地层进行分析,区分油、气、水层。     

云南巍山笔架山锑矿床成因

矿区褶皱和断裂相互重叠交错,为含矿热气液的运移提供了导矿及储矿构造。微量元素测定,确定上三叠系地层为锑的矿源层,矿体严格受层位控制,三合洞组灰岩破碎带为含矿层位,是找矿主要标志。依据矿床产出特点及物理化学条件,确认该矿床属中低温热液富集层控矿床。     

地下水中苯并[a]芘来源探讨

采用色谱质谱法对2000~2002年地下水中苯并[a]芘含量进行了分析,在分析苯并[a]芘在地下水环境中迁移特征的基础上,初步探讨了地下水中苯并[a]芘的来源。结果表明,苯并[a]芘在潜水含水层、200m的承压含水层以及500m的煤系地层和1000m以上的岩溶水中都有检出,含量低,为数个ng/L;由于苯并[a]芘的辛醇-水分配系数kow很大,为106个数量级,具有很强的憎水性,会强烈地被吸附在土壤颗粒物的有机碳上,因此苯并[a]芘很难从表层土壤中迁移进入地下水,土壤和沉积物是其主要的环境归宿;从理论上看,地下水中的苯并[a]芘是天然来源。     

Chemistry of Late Early Triassic Siliceous Claystone ('Toishi-type' Shale) from the Oritate Area, Sambosan Belt, Kyushu, Southwest Japan

Abstract. Inorganic chemical compositions are determined for late Early Triassic siliceous claystone ('Toishi-type' shale) and associated chert from Oritate area, Sambosan Belt, Kyushu, southwest Japan. The siliceous claystone is similar in chemical composition to Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS), but is depleted in Ca, Sr, Mn, and Fe and slightly enriched in Cu, Zn, P, and rare earth elements (REEs). The siliceous claystone and associated chert have flat REE patterns with positive Eu anomalies and no distinct Ce anomaly. The siliceous claystone and associated chert have largely constant Ti/Al, Th/Al, and Nb/Al ratios compared to the variable ratios found in siliceous shale and sandstone deposited close to land in a trench setting. This suggests that the claystone and chert were deposited in a deep-sea pelagic environment and were derived mainly from the suspended fraction, including eolian dust and material transported from distant lands, rather than from turbidity currents that occurred close to land. The low Ca contents of the analyzed rocks indicate deposition below the calcium-carbonate compensation depth. The depletion of Mn and Fe, and no distinct Ce anomaly in the Oritate siliceous claystone are also evident, being similar to those in samples from the Sasayama and Kinkazan sections in the Mino-Tanba Belt, where oceanic anoxia developed during the Late Permian to earliest Triassic. This might suggest that oceanic anoxia prevailed through to the late Early Triassic.     

示波计时电位法测定矿石中的镓和铟

在ｐＨ５．０的茜素Ｓ－ＫＣ１－ＨＡｃＮａＡｃ－Ｌａ＾３＋溶液中,Ｇａ（Ⅲ）、Ｉｎ（Ⅲ）具有良好的示波图,其切口电位为－１．３８Ｖ和－０．８６Ｖ（ｕｓ．ＳＣＥ）。可分别进行测定。镓的质量浓度在１００～１８００ｕｇ／Ｌ内、铟的质量浓度在５～１４０ｕｇ／Ｌ内与切口高度呈良好的线性关系,检出限Ｇａ为９０ｕｇ／Ｌ及Ｉn为５ｕｇ／ Ｌ。通过萃取与干扰元素分离之后,对闪锌矿、锡石样品中的镓、铟测定,８次测定的ＲＳ     

Effect of Nickel and Cadmium on Ammonium Uptake Kinetics of Free and Immobilized Cells of Anacystis nidulans

The stress effect of Ni and Cd on the ammonium uptake varied significantly (ANOVA test) in free and immobilized state of the test organism. The effect due to the interaction between different variables (cell state type, metal type and metal dose) was studied to depict the significant or non‐significant variation in the ammonium uptake by free and immobilized cells in the presence of metal ions. Ammonium uptake exhibited a competitive mode of inhibition in the presence of Ni in both free and immobilized state of the organism. However, Cd exhibited non‐competitive and competitive inhibition in free and immobilized cells, respectively. The study demonstrates that there is a considerable influence of metal ions on the ammonium uptake. Cd was found to be more toxic compared to Ni in both free and immobilized state.     

The Tragedy of the Karama Dam Project/Jordan

The Karama Dam, with a capacity of 55 Mio m³, was constructed in 1995 on Wadi Mallaha in the Jordan Valley area in order to store water for irrigational uses. The dam was constructed in spite of experts' warnings that this dam geologically, hydrogeologically, seismically, and from the points of view of salinity of its water, its management and the water resources to fill it is totally irrelevant, and that the dam will fail to fulfill its purposes. Now after 9 years of its construction the dam fails to collect water because there are no sources available to fill it. The water the farmers were deprived of to partially fill the dam to demonstrate its success became in the dam reservoir highly saline (20 000 μS/cm). Reservoir bottom collapses due to dissolution of salts took place and large water amounts were lost to the underground. Not a single drop of water from the dam has been of any use for any purpose until now. Equipment to pump water for irrigational uses has been corroding, and the government is paying the depreciation, capital, and running cost of a fiasco project.