黔西北地区地下水赋存规律及开发利用方向

黔西北地区地处乌蒙山区岩溶发育强烈,地下水系统小型多样、条件复杂,地下勘查找水及开发利用难度大。本文通过对三种不同岩溶流域类型区地下水赋存规律及岩溶发育的综合研究,提出了不同类型系统中勘查找水和开发利用的方向建议,对该类区中地下水资源勘查找水和开发利用工作有一定的指导意义。     

Identifying the Sources of Solutes in Karst Groundwater in Chongqing,China: a Combined Sulfate and Strontium Isotope Approach

Groundwater from karst subterranean streams is among the world’s most important sources of drinking water supplies, and the hydrochemical characteristics of karst water are impacted by both natural environment and people. Therefore, the study of hydrochemistry and its solutes’ sources is very important to ensure the normal function of life support systems. In this paper, thirty?five representative karst groundwater samples were collected from different aquifers (limestone and dolomite) and various land use types in Chongqing to trace the sources of solutes and relative hydrochemical processes. Hydrogeochemical types of karst groundwater in Chongqing were mainly of the Ca?HCO3 type or Ca (Mg)?HCO3 type. However, some hydrochemical types of karst groundwater were the K+Na+Ca?SO4 type (G25 site) or Ca?HCO3+SO4 type (G26 and G14 site), indicating that the hydrochemistry of these sites might be strongly influenced by anthropogenic activities or unique geological characteristics. The dissolved Sr concentrations of the studied groundwater ranged from 0.57 to 15.06 μmmol/L, and the 87Sr/86Sr varied from 0.70751 to 0.71627. The δ34S?SO42? fell into a range of ?6.8‰?21.5‰, with a mean value of 5.6‰. The variations of both 87Sr/86Sr and Sr values of the groundwater samples indicated that the Sr element was controlled by the weathering of limestone, dolomite and silicate rock. However, the figure of 87Sr/86Sr vs. Sr2+/[K++Na+] showed that the anthropogenic inputs also obviously contributed to the Sr contents. For tracing the detailed anthropogenic effects, we traced the sources of solutes collected karst groundwater samples in Chongqing according to the δ34S value of potential sulfate sources. The variations of both δ34S and 1/SO42? values of the groundwater samples indicated that the atmospheric acid deposition (AAD), dissolution of gypsum (GD), oxidation of sul?de mineral (OS) or anthropogenic inputs (SF: sewage or fertilizer) have contributed to solutes in karst groundwater. The influence of oxidation of sul?de mineral, atmospheric acid deposit and anthropogenic inputs to groundwater in Chongqing karst areas was much widespread.     

EH4电磁系统在云南红河地区地下水勘查中的应用

本文介绍了EH4电磁成像系统的基本原理、技术特点和适用范围,结合该系统在云南红河地区不同类型地下水勘查中的应用实例,证明该系统能够查清厚覆盖层下的地质构造、地下河形态及含水岩溶带。利用该系统确定的井位已成功地打出地下水,有效地解决了当地的供水问题。     

高充填率开采地表下沉系数研究

为解决"三下"压煤问题,本文以邯矿集团亨健煤矿2515工作面为研究对象,对现场进行实测,计算地表实测下沉系数;采用文克儿地基假设方法,对比分析了不同开采方法采空区上覆岩层破断规律.结果表明:采用全部垮落法开采,推进距离等于直接顶的极限跨距(l=25.7 m)时极限挠度约为1.057 m,随着工作面推进,直接顶出现破碎;...     

Modelling hydrological processes influenced by soil,rock and vegetation in a small karst basin of southwest China

Hydrological processes in karst basins are controlled by permeable multimedia, consisting of soil pores, epikarst fractures, and underground conduits. Distributed modelling of hydrological dynamics in such heterogeneous hydrogeological conditions is a challenging task. Basing on the multilayer structure of the distributed hydrology‐soil‐vegetation model (DHSVM), a distributed hydrological model for a karst basin was developed by integrating mathematical routings of porous Darcy flow, fissure flow and underground channel flow. Specifically, infiltration and saturated flow movement within epikarst fractures are expressed by the ‘cubic law’ equation which is associated with fractural width, direction, and spacing. A small karst basin located in Guizhou province of southwest China was selected for this hydrological simulation. The model parameters were determined on the basis of field measurement and calibrated against the observed soil moisture contents, vegetation interception, surface runoff, and underground flow discharges from the basin outlet. The results show that due to high permeability of the epikarst zone, a significant amount of surface runoff is only generated after heavy rainfall events during the wet season. Rock exposure and the epikarst zone significantly increase flood discharge and decrease evapotranspiration (ET) loss; the peak flood discharge is directly proportional to the size of the aperture. Distribution of soil moisture content (SMC) primarily depends on topographic variations just after a heavy rainfall, while SMC and actual ET are dominated by land cover after a period of consecutive non‐rainfall days. The new model was able to capture the sharp increase and decrease of the underground streamflow hydrograph, and as such can be used to investigate hydrological effects in such rock features and land covers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

习水县岩溶水系统ρ(Sr2+)、ρ(Sr)/ρ(Ca)、ρ(Sr)/ρ(Mg)分布特征及其应用

通过对流域内不同类型水取样分析,发现流经不同岩层的地下水具有不同的ρ(Sr2+)、ρ(Sr)/ρ(Ca)、ρ(Sr)/ρ(Mg)值.一般来说,流经砂岩层的基岩裂隙水ρ(Sr2+)低,而ρ(Sr)/ρ(Ca)、ρ(Sr)/ρ(Mg)值较高,当砂岩中的基岩裂隙水受到灰岩岩溶水或煤系地层水补给时,其ρ(Sr2+)、ρ( Sr...     

不同岩溶储水结构分析与地球物理勘察

岩溶区储水结构是寻找地下水最为有利的靶区。在可溶岩与非可溶边界呈串珠状发育的岩溶泉、漏斗等,常指示地下岩溶强烈发育,接触界面的可溶岩为找水的有利部位。在背斜轴部,由于来自侧翼的挤压作用,灰岩、白云岩等硬脆性岩石易形成张性裂隙密集带,成为地下水的有利赋存部位。断裂、构造裂隙密集带使地下水互为沟通,成为良好的储水载体。在这...     

超高密度电阻率法在岩溶及破碎带探测中的应用

结合工程实例,介绍了超高密度电阻率法在勘探岩溶及破碎带中的应用,总结了数据采集过程中的注意事项,并将成果与钻孔资料作了对比分析。结果表明,该方法在岩溶及破碎带的分布位置、大小、埋藏深度及发育情况等方面的勘察上都取得了较好的效果,是一种能有效提高工程勘察精度的物探方法。     

贵州喀斯特石山植被的自然恢复———以公路裸岩陡边坡为例

选取贵州喀斯特山区公路建设同一山体不同时段开挖的裸岩陡边坡上的植被自然恢复情况调查;选取贵州喀斯特山区不同地质背景,同一时段开挖的裸岩陡边坡上的植被自然恢复情况调查,对喀斯特地区基础建设形成的裸岩陡边坡植被自然恢复及其速率进行讨论.为石漠化地区工程建设开挖的裸岩陡边坡生态恢复治理提供思路,并对喀斯特石漠化治理具借鉴意义.     

喀斯特城市植被覆盖度时空变化对地表温度的影响

随着桂林喀斯特城市的快速扩展、地表植被覆盖度的变化,城市热岛现象越来越明显。以桂林1989-2006年5景TM/ETM遥感图像为数据源,利用遥感归一化植被指数反演植被覆盖度Pv,利用Qin单窗算法反演地表温度ts,分析Pv空间和时间变化对ts的影响。结果表明,在空间上ts随Pv的提高而降低,呈明显负相关关系。在时间上Pv<0.2面积比例逐年增加,1989年7.8%、1991年15.2%、2000年20.7%、2005年21.1%、2006年22.7%;而Pv≥0.7面积比例逐年减少,1989年49.2%、1991年27.4%、2000年27%、2005年16.5%、2006年11.1%。其导致地表温度高于茂密林地表面温度的比率z>20%的高温像元比例逐年上升;而z≤10%的低温像元比例逐年下降,1989年28.9%、1991年25.4%、2000年23.7%、2005年22.2%、2006年20.4%。植被覆盖的喀斯特山峰呈现显著的凉岛现象,从而调节喀斯特城市气候环境。