膨润土防潮粘结剂的研制

文章介绍了膨润土防潮助剂的制备原理及制备要点。对膨润土防潮淀粉粘合剂生产所需的各种原材料性能作用进行了分析。并详细介绍了一种工艺简便设备简单及经济效益好的膨润土防潮粘结剂的生产方法。     

A STUDY ON RATIONAL LOCATION OF THE COTTON PRODUCTION IN CHINA

Cotton is the leading cash crop in China. The cotton sown area accounts for about 30per cent of the total sown area of all the various cash crops. It is the main material used in the textile industry in China. More than 95per cent of textile materials were cotton during the 1950s; and it still occupies 80per cent at present. There are some problems concerning rational location of cotton production in China. In order to solve the problems existing in civil cotton production and supply, in view of strategy, a number of cotton production bases must be selected and built step by step in a planned way. The location of cotton production should be adjusted progressively in accordance with the existing problems. The existing cotton production regions should be consolidated and improved. The cotton production region of the middle and lower reaches of the Huanghe River should be renewed quichly to make it become the largest stable and high-yield cotton preduction region. In the regions with suitable natural condi     

二轴土壤背景纠正的植被指数及其在华南水稻遥感估产中的应用

目前国内外学者提出了各种植被指数来进行作物遥感估产的定量研究。这些指数多是基于“土壤线”的存在来进行土壤背景消除的。但它们只消除了土壤背景中的含水量(沿“土壤线”方向)对遥感数据的影响,而没有消除由于不同土壤质地的变化(垂直于“土壤线”方向,如红壤、棕壤等不同的土壤类型)所造成的遥感数据的偏移。本文首次提出了能基本上完全消除土壤背景影响(包括土壤含水量、土壤类型等)的二轴土壤背景纠正的植被指数(TWVI)模型。该指数比目前使用的其它植被指数更适合于作为进行全球监测的植被指数。已成功地应用于华南地区的水稻遥感估产试验。     

Northern Greece's industrial minerals: production and environmental technology developments

This paper reviews the use of Greek industrial minerals into developing low-cost, high-tech solutions to remediate parts of the chemical pollution environmental problem. The remediation strategy, based on the application and implementation of the Greek industrial minerals potential, became a major line of investigation in projects to develop new environmental technologies. Although past and current experiments have been successful on a lab scale in a number of applications, the results have not always been implemented on industrial scales. Greek olivine has been successfully tested as neutralizing agent for acid wastes, co-producing exploitable amounts of silica gel, magnesium sulphate and magnetite. Vermiculite is currently tested as an environmental ‘cleanser' in a variety of applications, i.e. metalliferous mine seepage and processing waters, organically contaminated waste water from the textile/dye industry and absorption material for oil spills. Wollastonite will be applied as long-term fertiliser and dolomite, as a substitute of asbestos in brake linings, as pollution controller of heavy metal concentrations in waste waters and as a binder to stabilize waste solids. Magnesite has been successfully applied for neutralization of acid mine wastes produced from active sulphide deposits. Zeolites (fly ash and perlite converted to zeolites were also considered) is an objective for several environmental applications, i.e. as floating absorbent for waste water ponds, as drinking water purificator or as smell abatement.     

Fast computation of satellite gravitational gradient

The computation of the Earth's potential function at high order and degree with the method of reference [1], causes overflow most of the time. The normalized method [2–6] can eliminate the overflows, but leads to formulae much more involved than those in reference [1]; besides, the programming is more complex and the computer time required larger. The method presented in this paper has the following features: each component of the satellite gravitational gradient can be computed; the formulae are short and easy to be programme; the method is much quicker than the normalization method and can be carried out with a micro‐computer, without overflow even in the case of Earth's spherical harmonics of order and degree as high as 1025 or higher. This method satisfies the present demand to compute satellite gravitational gradient with high accuracy. Furthermore, we present formulae for the fast computation, without overflow, of the gravitational gradient corresponding to Earth's spherical harmonics up to order and degree of 3170 × 3170 or higher. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Pedogeochemistry of china and its significance in agricultural production

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Effect of rhizobia inoculation on the seed (herbage) production of mungbean (Phaseolus aureusRoxb.) grown at Uzbekistan

In field trials conducted at Uzbekistan, inoculation of mungbean (Phaseolus aureusRoxb.) with commercial strain CIAM1901 ofBradyrhizobiumsp. (Phaseolus) increased (on average for two cultivars) the herbage mass by 46·6±6·0%, seed mass by 39·2 ± 3·6%, mass of 1000 seeds by 16·0 ± 0·8%, nitrogen content in seeds by 58·3 ± 8·9%, starch content in seeds by 30·0 ± 5·5% and number of nodules by 254%. Inoculation with this strain produced the same herbage (seed) mass as NH₄NO₃application (120 kg ha⁻¹of N), while the combined treatment of rhizobia and 60 kg ha⁻¹of N produced significantly higher yields than rhizobia inoculation alone or application of 120 kg ha⁻¹of N. The rhizobia strain M11 was isolated from Uzbekistan soils and significantly exceeded the commercial strain CIAM1901 in its influence on herbage mass by 3·9–10·6%. Two-factor analysis of variance demonstrated that the herbage mass and number of nodules are controlled mainly by the rhizobia strain genotypes, while seed yield, number of pods, mass of 1000 seeds and N and starch content in seeds are influenced by the plant cultivar genotypes.     

我国土壤地球化学及其在农业生产中的意义

我国土壤地球化学特征受生物,气候,母质,地形及人为作用等因素影响,形成了我国独特的土壤地球化学类型和分布格局。不同地球类型,均有各自的元素丰度。土凶素与植物生长和人体健康的关系取决于土壤中元素的有效部分。     

论汽车工业空间组织之变化——生产方式转变的影响

汽车工业出现一百多年来空间组织发生了几次重要变化,而生产方式的转变是导致空间演化的主导因素之一。本文首先回顾了８０年代以前世界汽车工业空间组织的主要特征,并将其演化过程归纳为四个阶段,即初始分散阶段、大规模生产初期的高度集中阶段、“核心—边缘”结构阶段和网络化分散阶段。其次介绍了８０年代以来世界汽车工业发展的新特点,特别是精益生产方式的广泛扩散。最后归纳了新的生产方式下汽车工业空间组织的影响因素和特征,即网络化聚集,并简要地讨论了这种发展趋势对中国汽车工业的启示。     

Conceptualizing and achieving industrial system transition for a dematerialized and decarbonized world

The concept of industrial system transition introduced in the IPCC special report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C remains poorly conceptualized. In this paper, we deepen the conceptualization of the industrial system transition to decarbonization, dematerialization, and sustainable industrial production. Aided by fuzzy cognitive maps that use perception-based data from stakeholders to model complex and difficult-to-model systems, we chart the pathways for industrial system transition. The industrial system transition entails interactions between dematerialization and decarbonization goals while enabling governance and systemic corporate strategies. The respondents of the fuzzy cognitive maps-based surveys comprised practitioners from companies, authors, and the policymaking community. Fuzzy cognitive map-based simulations reveal that resorting to technical measures of dematerialization and decarbonization is insufficient to accomplish industrial system transition. The efficient industrial system transition to dematerialization and decarbonization requires the combined measures of (i) dematerialization and decarbonization, (ii) governance, policies, and regulations (effective governance including transnational governance, technology push, market-pull, technology transfer and financial flows, carbon price and carbon market; and (iii) enabling corporate strategies (regenerative and conscious capitalism, a new conception of transparency, and collaborative and constructive lobbying). Large companies are mostly transnational entities, necessitating the adoption of effective transnational governance strategies for achieving the objectives of dematerialization and decarbonization. Several transnational governance networks have partnered under the public–private co-governance mechanism in the decarbonization space dominated by mainly larger players. The advent of polycentric governance provides new opportunities for trans-local governance where large numbers of small and medium enterprises can participate in the advancement of at least decarbonization objectives; however, such networks require support from national governments. Besides implications for governance, policy and regulations, the findings of this research could also have implications for corporate behavior in terms of promoting conscious and transparent organizational culture.