气候变暖对中国不同地区农业的影响

Based on the China Rural Statistical Yearbook of 1984-2003 published by State Statistics Bureau,and the annual temperature in the same period,impacts of temperature change,agricultural input,and planting area on grin production were analyzed for different regions of China during the last 20 years.The results show that the main characteristic of climate warming has obviously promoted the increase of grain yield in Northeast China.but to some extent suppressed it in North China,Northwest China and Southwest China,and shown no obvious effect on it in East China and Central-South China.The increase in agricultural input facilitated the grain production obviously in various regions in the early stage of the past 20 years,but showed no obvious effect in the late stage.The continuous reduction in sown area had a significant negative effect on the grain production in East China and Central-South China.     

水库浮游细菌生产和呼吸过程代谢内外源有机碳研究

全球气候变化和人类活动的加剧影响水生生态系统中溶解性有机碳(DOC)的种类和浓度.浮游细菌生产和呼吸过程对碳源变化的响应,可能影响水体乃至区域的碳循环特征.本研究选取了南京市11座中小型水库,利用碳稳定同位素技术和双端元混合模型定量分析浮游细菌在生产和呼吸代谢过程中对内外碳源的利用.依据DOC中内外碳源的比例,将11座...     

云南程海浮游植物初级生产力的时空变化及其影响因子

2016年4月-2017年2月,采用黑白瓶法研究了云南程海单点（码头点位）浮游植物初级生产力的垂直分布及其季节变化,同时基于全湖9个点位的现场调查和生产力垂向归纳模型（VGPM）估算并探讨了程海浮游植物初级生产力的时空变化及其主要影响因子.结果显示,码头点位的年均（均值±标准误）水柱（0~3 m）总初级生产力（GPP_C）、净初级生产力（NPP_C）和呼吸消耗量（R_C）分别为5.40×10³±0.64×10³、2.36×10³±0.63×10³和3.06×10³±0.82×10³ mg O₂/（m²·d）;不论春夏季（4-8月）、秋冬季（9月-次年2月）还是全年,码头点位的单位生物量GPP（GPP/Chl.a）和单位生物量NPP（NPP/Chl.a）的最大值和最小值均分别出现在水下0.5 m和3.0 m处.经VPGM估算,程海全湖的初级生产力（PP_eu）年均值为6.54×10³±0.30×10³ mg C/（m²·d）（2.74×10³~18.62×10³ mg C/（m²·d））.PP_eu的时空变化方面,春夏季是PP_eu快速上升的时节,秋冬季PP_eu的月变化则呈波动状态,春夏季与秋冬季PP_eu无显著性差异;PP_eu整体空间异质性较弱,仅在降水最为充沛的7、8月表现出南北向的异质性,这与降水条件和流域营养盐输入的空间异质性有关.回归分析发现,虽然程海PP_eu的主要影响因子具有季节异质性,但不论春夏季、秋冬季还是全年,浮游植物生物量均是重要的影响因子,水温亦是春夏季的重要影响因子.     

生态足迹评介及国际研究前沿

生态足迹评价方法是评估可持续发展的一个全球可比的、可测度的直观且综合的指标,有明显的政策含义,是迄今提出的评估可持续发展的众多指标中最受生态经济学界关注、推崇和广泛应用的一个指标。评介了生态足迹方法模型的优缺点,综述了国际上生态足迹研究的最新进展及研究前沿,指出了国内围绕生态足迹研究应该尽快开展的工作：①生态足迹方法模型的改进及应用研究;②丰富生态足迹方法模型携带的信息量和政策内涵;③社会经济系统新陈代谢以及人类对初级生产力的占用研究;④消费模式与全球资源和环境的压力的关系;⑤物质流核算帐户研究和生态包袱分析研究。     

The formation environment and development modes of Cenozoic source rocks in the Qiongdongnan Basin

According to the drilling results,there are three sets of source rocks of the Cenozoic Group in the Qiongdongnan Basin,including the Yacheng Formation transitional facies mudstone,the Oligocene Lingshui Formation semi-enclosed marine facies mudstone,and the Miocene neritic-bathyal facies mudstone.The hydrocarbon generating conditions of the source rocks in the study area are mainly controlled by sedimentary environment and organic matter input.The abundance of organic matter in the Oligocene source rocks which were formed in a low-energy back shore environment is confined by organic matter input and hydrodynamic condition.The Miocene source rocks formed in the open marine environment lack terrestrial organic matter input,whose organic matter abundance is constrained by the primary production of the ocean and the preservation condition of organic matter.In addition,the redox conditions are also significant to the formation of source rocks in the study area.According to the differences in key factors controlling the development of source rocks in different time periods and structural belts revealed by drilling practice,three development patterns of source rocks have been put forward.The first one is the transitional facies model featuring a great deal of terrestrial organic matter and weakly hydrodynamic conditions which are apt to develop high effective source rocks in the Yacheng Formation.The second one is the semi-enclosed marine facies featuring abundant terrestrial organic matter,weakly hydrodynamic condition and fine preservation condition in the central depression zone,which are apt to form fine-quality source rocks in the Lingshui Formation.The third one is the marine facies model featuring strong hydrodynamics in the shore-shallow area of northern continental shelf and the lack of benthic algae which are against the development of source rocks.It can be predicted that the continental slope is the perfect place to form source rocks where adequate amounts of light favor the photosynthesis of plants,besides the fine preservation and weakly hydrodynamic conditions.In the deep sea area,although accompanied with weakly hydrodynamic conditions and a reduction environment,it is not suitable for the development of source rocks on account of less aquatic organisms causing low primary production.     

矿床的环境质量———一个新的地学研究领域

摘 要　 为了人类社会的可持续发展‚需要实行矿业开发和环境保护的协调发展。矿床的环 境质量就是适应这一需要而正在形成的边缘研究领域‚它的目的是为改善环境而进行的矿床 学研究。主要任务是：① 研究矿床的环境质量‚包括矿床类型、物质成分 （主要是有害组 分）、矿体产状、矿床构造及矿床的表生变化过程;② 按环境影响程度对矿床作分类‚建立 矿床的地质 环境模型;③ 进行矿床的地质 环境评价;④ 研究和找寻经济 环境综合效益好 的矿床新类型。面向21世纪‚矿床地质工作者应更新观念‚开拓新的研究领域‚将矿床学研 究单纯为找矿、采选冶服务转变为矿业开发与环境保护的协调发展服务。     

基于系统论的世界能源空间格局分析

基于系统论原理, 从能源系统角度出发, 全面剖析当今世界的能源储量分布、生产、运输和消费空间分布状 况以及它们之间的联系, 同时分析贯穿能源系统问题的3 个量(总量、增量、均量)和2 个结构(能源种类结构, 能源 地区结构)。探讨了世界能源地缘政治格局及其对中国的影响。最后提出世界能源空间格局对中国能源战略的启示: 要建立能源系统观; 改进能源消费结构、发展新兴替代能源, 实施资源节约战略、结构多元化战略; 发展多方位能源 供应渠道, 实施运输保障战略、能源外交战略, 重新建立适应新形势的稳定、经济、清洁、可持续的能源保障体系。     

1978年以来中国能源生产与消费时空差异特征

采用1978年以来近30年中国各地区的能源及经济数据．对中国能源生产、消费重心及GDP重心变化进行了测定。在此基础上分析了中国能源生产、消费与经济发展区域差异的动态变化及其相互关系。结果表明：①能源生产重心在逐步向西南方向移动．整个移动轨迹近似呈直线变化。揭示了中国能源生产在东西和南北方向上的差距有所减小．且东西方向差距减小的速度要比南北方向快。②能源消费重心也在向西南方向移动但波动较大．其中1998-2002年重心位置相对稳定．年度位置变化很小．说明各省区能源消费增长速度基本相同。③GDP重心在经度和纬度上均有一定的波动性。④中国能源生产与消费重心的演变轨迹既具有一些重要的共同特点,也存在明显的不同。通过与GDP重心的对比分析,各地区的经济发展水平与能源消费密切相关．说明中国GDP增长中能源成本较大。     

重庆中坝遗址地层Na-Ca元素含量揭示的制盐业兴衰史

Based on dynastic period division and AMS ^14 C dating performed on the sedimentary layers at Zhongba and Yuxi sites,and also the analysis of Na,Ca and Mg of 201 sedimentary samples from Zhongba site and that of Ca and Na in 47 sedimentary samples from Yuxi by using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry（ICP）,we found that there were 35 time periods when the contents of Ca and Na were reversely correlated,i.e.whenever the content of Ca was the highest,the content of Na was the lowest,and vice versa. Among them,there were 21 time periods when the content of Ca was the highest,and Na was the lowest,indicating that there were about 21 prosperous periods of ancient salt production at Zhongba site since 3000BC.Other 14 time periods with the peak values of Na while the low values of Ca indicate 14 declined periods of salt production at Zhongba site since 3000BC.The conclusion obtained from the reverse relationship between Ca and Na contents in this paper is consistent with that＂the salt production at Zhongba site started in the new stone age,developed in the Xia and Shang dynasties,reached at the heyday in periods from the Western Zhou to the Han Dynasties,maintained stable to develop in the Tang and the Song dynasties,and gradually declined after the Song Dynasty because the sea salt were conveyed into Sichuan region,however,still had production in the 1970s-1980s＂,educed from archeological exploration.All the above mentioned results indicate that there is a reverse relationship obviously between the contents of Na and Ca in sediments at Zhongba site for ancient salt production,which can be used to reveal the process of rise and decline of ancient salt industry at Zhongba site.     

对天山山前地下水库开发利用的认识

针对天山山前三工河流域不同水文地质单元区的地下水动态分析人手,对流域大力开发山前地下水库,造成其水位持续下降对潜水溢出带环境的改变和水位最终保持稳定的现象进行探讨分析,结合流域生态环境趋于良性发展的现实,从保护流域生态环境和社会发展的角度出发,提出开发三工河流域山前地下水库必须保持潜水溢出带有相对较高的稳定水位,山前地下水库中心控制开采水位在数值上应不低于潜水溢出带处的地面高程。三工河流域40多年开发利用地下水的模式对流域社会经济发展和环境的贡献,可为相似于三工河流域的地区开发利用地下水资源提供借鉴和经验。