赤魟软骨血管生成抑制因子的分离纯化

确定了制备高纯度赤魟软骨血管生成抑制因子的纯化工艺,并通过胶原酶模型、CAM模型验证其生物学活性。正交实验确定了赤魟软骨组织抽提的最佳条件,抽提产率可达0.84%。丙酮分级沉淀对抽提产物进行粗分离,25~35%的丙酮分级产物的CAM血管生成抑制率达85%。优化离子交换层析、凝胶过滤、反相层析的条件,可进一步有效的获得高纯度的赤魟软骨血管生成抑制因子-I(DCAIF-I)。SDS-PAGE-考马斯亮蓝染色显示为一条带,分子量为62 kDa。活性验证结果表明,DCAIF-I对胶原酶具有一定的抑制活性,抑制率为36.3%,对CAM血管生成的抑制活性具有一定的剂量依赖关系。     

赤魟软骨粗提物的血管生成抑制活性定量分析

以赤魟软骨为原料,对赤魟软骨中新生血管抑制组分的提取方法及其生物学活性进行了初步研究。采用盐酸胍抽提、冷冻离心、透析、冷冻干燥等方法,得到分子量为3~300 kDa的活性组分,活性鉴定采用改进的Robert法观察赤魟软骨提取物对鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜(CAM)血管生成的作用情况。赤魟软骨提取物活性给药组为质量分数为10%、1%、0.1%的甲基纤维素溶液,空白对照组为质量分数为10%的MC溶液,加样24 h后对各给药组样品给药部位进行形态学观察,并通过计算机图像分析软件原理编程进行血管数量统计。试验结果表明:赤魟软骨提取物具有抑制新生血管形成的作用,其活性与给药组质量分数成正比。且软骨血管生成抑制因子直接来源于动物组织,无明显毒副作用,在肿瘤治疗方面可能具有良好的应用前景。     

东海北部外陆架MIS 6以来的沉积地层格架及古环境演化

利用最新采集的高分辨率浅地层剖面资料,结合SHD-1钻孔岩心资料,对东海北部外陆架MIS 6以来的地层结构进行了分析,建立了MIS 6以来的沉积地层格架,并对地层的地质年代进行了厘定。根据Octavian Catuneanu（2005）的层序地层学理论,研究区地层划分出海侵和高位体系域、下降期体系域、海退和低位体系域。研究表明,过孔的浅地层剖面与钻孔岩心的沉积地层有很好的对应关系。东海北部外陆架MIS 6以来可划分出7个不整合界面（D7—D1）和7个地震单元（SU7—SU1）。东海外陆架的海进层序与海退层序有规律地交替发育,它们与海平面变化曲线也有很好的对应关系。其中,地震单元SU1、SU5分别为MIS 1、MIS 5形成的海侵沉积,主要发育浅海沉积层,100 m以浅的位置发育潮流沙脊;地震单元SU2、SU4、SU6分别对应 MIS 2、MIS 4和MIS 6低海平面时期形成的河流/河口—三角洲沉积;地震单元SU3、SU4为下降期体系域,这两个亚单元分别对应MIS 3和MIS 4晚期。MIS 4—MIS 3发育厚层且分布广泛的水下三角洲,但MIS 4发育的水下三角洲的规模不及MIS 3大。总之,对MIS 6以来沉积地层格架的建立和古环境研究可为东海外陆架晚第四纪地层的海平面变化、古环境演化等相关研究提供参考。     

Determination of phospholipid fatty acid structures and stable carbon isotope compositions of deep-sea sediments of the Northwest Pacific, ODP site 1179

Sediment samples ranging from 0.05 to 278 m below sea floor (mbsf) at a Northwest Pacific deep-water (5564 mbsl) site (ODP Leg 191, Site 1179) were analyzed for phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). Total PLFA concentrations decreased by a factor of three over the first meter of sediment and then decreased at a slower rate to approximately 30 mbsf. The sharp decrease over the first meter corresponds to the depth of nitrate and Mn(IV) reduction as indicated by pore water chemistry. PLFA-based cell numbers at site 1179 had a similar depth profile as that for Acridine orange direct cell counts previously made on ODP site 1149 sediments which have a similar water depth and lithology. The mole percentage of straight chain saturated PLFAs increases with depth, with a large shift between the 0.95 and 3.95 mbsf samples. PLFA stable carbon isotope ratios were determined for sediments from 0.05 to 4.53 mbsf and showed a general trend toward more depleted δ¹³C values with depth. Both of these observations may indicate a shift in the bacterial community with depth across the different redox zones inferred from pore water chemistry data. The PLFA 10me16:0, which has been attributed to the bacterial genera Desulfobacter in many marine sediments, showed the greatest isotopic depletion, decreasing from − 20 to − 35‰ over the first meter of sediment. Pore water chemistry suggested that sulfate reduction was absent or minimal over this same sediment interval. However, 10me16:0 has been shown to be produced by recently discovered anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria which are known chemoautotrophs. The increasing depletion in δ¹³C of 10me16:0 with the unusually lower concentration of ammonium and linear decrease of nitrate concentration is consistent with a scenario of anammox bacteria mediating the oxidation of ammonium via nitrite, an intermediate of nitrate reduction.     

Philopatry and dispersal of juvenile leervis Lichia amia (Teleostei: Carangidae) tagged in a warm-temperate South African estuary

Understanding and characterising movement and area-use patterns of fishes within estuaries, as well as understanding the degree of connectivity between estuaries and the marine environment, can provide important insights into a species’ ecology, which is fundamental for effective management and conservation. Mark-and-recapture data obtained from the 082 TAG FISH Project, a dart-tagging programme, were used to describe movement patterns of juvenile leervis Lichia amia in the permanently open Swartkops Estuary, South Africa, as well as the degree of connectivity with the adjacent marine environment. A total of 628 juvenile leervis were tagged from 2008 to 2015, of which 77 fish (12.3%) were recaptured, with juveniles comprising 85.7% of all measured recaptures. The majority of recaptures (75.3%) were made within the Swartkops Estuary, indicating estuarine philopatry, with 23.4% having moved less than 1 km, revealing site fidelity, but most (51.9%) displaying estuarine roaming. A smaller portion of recaptures (27.7%) had dispersed to other habitats; 16 (20.8%) displayed multiple-habitat connectivity, while only 3 (3.9%) had undertaken long-distance movements (>100 km) and were recaptured up to 825 km northeast of the Swartkops Estuary. Lichia amia that had moved greater distances were characterised by a greater mean size and age at the time of recapture. This study provides valuable information on the philopatry and dispersal of juvenile L. amia.     

条斑紫菜类囊体膜蛋白质组双向电泳研究方法

以蓝绿温和胶电泳为工具,首次在国内用于条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis)类囊体膜色素蛋白质复合物的研究。结果显示:(1)利用非离子型去污剂十二烷基麦芽糖苷(DM)增溶条斑紫菜类囊体膜,DM/Chla(w/w)15︰1产生的效果较好,在BN-PAGE胶中可以分离到较多较清晰的条带。(2)选取蔗糖密度层50%条带制备得到的类囊体膜样品进行第一向BN-PAGE和第二向SDS-Urea-PAGE电泳实验。第一向电泳分离出4个蛋白复合物,对第二向电泳胶上的15个蛋白点切取做质谱鉴定,检测到PSⅡ47ku,PSⅡ44ku,cytochrome f,PSⅡD2,PSⅡD1等蛋白。本实验证实了温和胶电泳与SDS电泳结合对于条斑紫菜这种原始红藻的类囊体膜研究方面应用的可行性。     

可口革囊星虫(Phascolosoma esculenta)卵黄合成期卵母细胞发育及卵黄发生与卵膜形成的超微结构

采用电镜技术观察研究了可口革囊星虫卵黄合成期卵母细胞发育及卵黄发生与卵膜形成的超微结构特征。结果表明,可口革囊星虫卵黄合成期卵母细胞发育经历了卵黄合成初期、卵黄旺盛合成期及生长成熟期三个阶段。卵母细胞卵黄发生途径主要由线粒体、内质网、高尔基体等细胞器演变成卵黄粒,以及吞饮作用形成卵黄粒。卵母细胞质膜外被有卵黄膜,由卵母细胞自体形成,且随生长而加厚;卵黄膜具通透性,外源营养物质能透过卵黄膜进入卵内。生长成熟的卵母细胞卵黄膜厚7—9μm,从内向外由纤维层、致密层、粒状突层及外膜构成,保护卵母细胞维持特定的形状。     

反渗透海水淡化技术现状和展望

反渗透膜技术于20世纪60年代取得突破性进展,促使反渗透海水淡化在近50年间高速发展,淡化产能自20世纪90年代起激增.海水反渗透(SWRO)淡化已成为目前投资最省、成本最低的利用海水制备饮用水的过程.文中主要对海水反渗透淡化的发展状况进行了介绍,如膜和组件的改进,关键设备高压泵和能量回收装置效率的提高,多种工艺过程的不断发展,包括预处理和后处理的新工艺,以及对环境的影响和相应对策等.反渗透技术的发展也推动了其他膜分离技术的进步,并扩展其应用领域.预计在不久的将来,膜技术在海水淡化和水再利用、扩大和保护水资源、循环经济、清洁生产、改造传统产业、节能减排及提高人民生活水平等方面发挥的作用会越来越显著.     

利用CRLB的数字摄影测量人工标志定位不确定性评估

考虑影像形成的物理过程,针对叠加零均值高斯白噪声的标志定位模型,利用最大似然估计理论,推导出了基于标志定位不确定性理论的误差性能克拉美-罗下限(Cramér-Rao lower bound,CRLB),同时确定了CRLB在一定置信水平下的置信区间。以圆形标志实验为例,分析了噪声水平和标志大小两个因素对CRLB的影响。     

山西省水化正常动态和地震的关系

使用《地震分析预报方法指南——水文地球化学方法》软件系统,对山西省多年来的水化资料进行了处理分析,给出各台站水氡的正常年动态变化;对两次大同地震前CO_2及He的前兆异常进行了总结,并提出了判断异常前兆的标志.