青藏高原背风坡地形对西南涡过程影响的数值试验

在一个有三重水平结构的台风数值模式基础上，发展了一个能考虑青藏高原及其背风坡不同尺度地形的数值模式，用于９８１年７月１２日２０：００￣７月１４日２０：００西南涡个例的数值研究。模式中设计了全地形、１／３地形和无地形三种方案。对比试验结果表明：全地形对西南涡的移动和发展、形状和范围均能较成功地模拟，降低地形或无地形时，模拟则不成功。全地形时急流轴为偏北方向，而在１／３地形或无地形时，急流走向为偏东方     

THE EFFECTS OF TIBETAN PLATEAU ON THE ANOMALOUS VARIATION OF ASIAN MONSOON IN A COUPLED OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM

Experimental predictions with a hybrid coupled ocean-atmosphere model(L9R15 AGCM-ZCocean model)were performed for the 1986/87 El Nino event and the 1988/89 La Nina event withand without the Tibetan Plateau respectively(called TP FORC and NTP FORC hereinafter).Comparison shows that,to some extent,the existence of the Tibetan Plateau orography weakensor restrains(strengthens or facilitates)the formation of the anomalous circulation of Asianmonsoon during El Nino(La Nina)period.Opposite results are found in the uncoupled AGCMsimulation.     

青藏高原东坡两次暖区强降水的对比分析

利用常规观测资料、加密自动站降水资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料对比分析了2010年8月12～13日(简称“8·12”过程)和2012年8月16～17日(简称“8·16”过程)青藏高原东坡发生的两次暖区强降水过程,探讨两次暖区强降水发生发展的天气学异同条件。结果表明:两次暖区强降水发生前及过程中均受副高的影响,地面有热低压发展和维持,利于能量的积累、不稳定层结和非绝热加热形成,进而引起上升运动;过程期间低层均有垂直于青藏高原东坡的偏东南气流的建立与增强,地形强迫上升运动和低层暖平流引起的上升运动增大和维持。主要差异在于,“8·16”过程中台风“启德”外围的偏东南风持续时间更长,影响区域更偏北,其降水持续时间更长,累计雨量更大。两次暖区强降水过程显示,低层垂直于青藏高原东坡地形的偏东南气流的建立、增强、持续及减弱在此类暖区强降水发生、发展及消亡过程起中着关键性作用。     

包络地形和重力波拖曳对气候模拟效果的影响

该文用Nju-PσM的数值试验, 研究了包络地形和地形重力波拖曳作用对7月气候模拟效果的影响.通过试验结果的对比分析, 发现包络地形和重力波拖曳作用都可在一定程度上改善模式的模拟性能, 使模拟结果更符合气候实况.     

冬季青藏高原对东移大槽动力影响的研究 （Ⅱ）理想初始场、地形场的构造和数值试验方案的设计

为了以数值试验手段定量地再现青藏高原地形对冬季东移大槽的影响，也同时讨论冬季亚洲不同高空环流形势下地形对东移槽影响的差别，本文使用我所６层有限区域格点模式，首先根据该模式对初始场的需要，也源于冬季亚洲地区高空流型的特点，构造了以基本斜压西风气流加高空西风急流，并在其上迭加正弦波槽扰动为主要特征的环境流场等的理想初始场及理想地形场。然后，根据不同流场成员和地形的组合，设计了１３个数值模拟试验。接着，利用整层无辐散初始化方案，固定侧边界条件，对各试验积分４—５天，最后分析各试验中东移槽的行为。本研究第三部分的模拟试验结果的分析表明〔１９〕，模式计算稳定，模拟结果合理，说明文中理想场的构造是协调的、合理的，也比较接近实际。侧边界条件及初始场的预处理也大体是合适的。     

EKMAN PUMPING OVER MOUNTAINS

The analytical results of the previous paper(Wu,1989)are used to study the properties of vertical veloc-ity distribution at the top of the boundary layer.The relative position of a jet like geostrophic flow and el-lipse-shaped orography will affect the characteristic feature of vertical motion at the top of the boundary layerwhen the contributions of friction and orography are taken into consideration simultaneously.     

青藏高原地形重力波拖曳的初步分析及数值模拟研究

针对目前对青藏高原大地形激发的重力波拖曳相关问题还不十分清楚,在GRAPES_Meso模式中引入次网格地形重力波拖曳参数化方案,通过数值试验初步研究了青藏高原地区次网格地形重力波拖曳的一些相关参数,结果指出:(1)沿30°N地形重力波拖曳的垂直分布显示,阻塞拖曳主要存在于模式的低层(第1—5层),重力波拖曳主要存在于模式的第5—10层;从水平分布看,模式第3层以阻塞拖曳为主,主要位于青藏高原边缘地区,阻塞拖曳大值区沿喜马拉雅山脉走向和青藏高原东坡;模式第5层以重力波拖曳为主,主要位于青藏高原东部地区和云贵高原的北部边缘。(2)弗劳德数和气流绕流高度分析表明,在青藏高原喜马拉雅山脉一带和高原东部边缘地区,气流爬坡能力强,同时在这一地区绕流高度最高;弗劳德数越大的地区绕流高度距离地表越高。(3)采用次网格地形重力波拖曳参数化方案后,对于低层和高层地形重力波破碎的发生有更准确的描述,地形重力波是向上垂直传播的。(4)个例和批量试验检验结果表明,采用次网格地形重力波拖曳参数化方案对于风场和降水模拟有正效果,提高了模式预报的准确率。     

0505号“海棠”台风暴雨数值模拟试验和分析

利用中尺度数值模式WRFv2.2较好的模拟结果, 并结合NCEP再分析资料、 地面自动站降水资料以及实况雷达回波资料对台风 “海棠” 造成的浙闽地区特大暴雨进行分析。研究发现, 这次暴雨属于台风中心北侧附近的螺旋云带降水, 主要是由边界层强中尺度辐合带直接影响造成的, 降水伴随着辐合带发展; 边界层顶的强东风急流和对流层低层强偏南气流在浙闽地区的交汇是强辐合带的成因; 台风向西北方向移动相伴东风急流和强辐合带的北移, 这是本次暴雨出现稳步北抬的原因。台风的三支不同气流在浙江南部和福建北部地区交汇上升, 起到了水汽通道和能量输送以及建立不稳定区的作用, 提供了暴雨的增幅与维持, 而气流的汇合主要发生在边界层内, 这也是中尺度辐合带高度受限于边界层的原因。浙闽地区复杂的中尺度地形对本场暴雨的发生有重要作用, 为暴雨的增幅做出了重要贡献, 但是, 对边界层不同气流造成的中尺度辐合带而言, 地形的作用较小, 仅可阻挡降水向西延伸。     

Treatment of LBCs in 2D simulation of convection over hills

A series of idealized model simulations are analyzed to determine the sensitivity of model results to different configurations of the lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) in simulating mesoscale shallow convection over hilly terrain, In the simulations with steady thermal forcing at the model surface, a radiation condition at both boundaries is the best choice under high wind conditions, and the best results are produced when both the normal velocities and the temperature are treated with the radiation scheme in which the phase speed is the same for different variables, When the background wind speed is reasonably small, the LBC configuration with either the radiation or the zero gradient condition at both boundaries tends to make the numerical solution unstable. The choice of a constant condition at the inflow boundary and a radiation outflow boundary condition is appropriate in most cases, In the simulations with diurnal thermal forcing at the model surface, different LBC schemes are combined together to reduce spurious signals induced by the outflow boundary, A specification inflow boundary condition, in which the velocity fields at the inflow boundary are provided using the time-dependent results of a simulation with periodic LBCs over a flat domain, is tested and the results indicate that the specification condition at the inflow boundary makes it possible to use a smaller model domain to obtain reasonable results. The model horizontal domain length should be greater than a critical length, which depends on the domain depth H and the angle between gravity wave phase lines and the vertical, An estimate of minimum domain length is given by [(H-zi)/πU]√N^2L2x-4π^2u^2, where N and U are the background stability and wind speed,respectively, Lx is the typical gravity wavelength scale, and zi is the convective boundary layer (CBL)depth.     

ANALYSES OF THE DYNAMIC EFFECTS ON WINTER CIRCULATION OF THE TWO MAIN MOUNTAINS IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE--Ⅰ.RELATIONSHIP AMONG GENERAL CIRCULATION, TELECONNECTION AND STATIONARY WAVES

The distribution of troughs and ridges of geopotential height,the teleconnection patterns and the propagation patterns of stationary waves are the main features of the January mean geopotential height field at 500hPa.Data analyses and numerical experiments indicate that these three characteristics are associated to one another and closely related to the mechanical forcing of the Rocky Mountains and Tibetan Plateau.There exists a prominent negative correlation in the intensity variation between the American trough and the Asian trough at high and middle latitudes.Such negative correlation,in connection with the interannual variation of the intensity of the jets in front of the two troughs,leads to the existence of similar teleconnection patterns in North America and East Asia.On the other hand,the different propagation behaviour of quasi-stationary waves downstream of the two main mountains results in a fundamental difference in the distribution of correlation chains in North America and East Asia.