南天山巴音布鲁克花岗岩岩体成因:锆石U-Pb定年、Hf同位素及其地球化学证据

巴音布鲁克岩体为南天山北缘出露不多的代表性早古生代花岗岩体,由二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩构成,两类岩石均显示富集Rb、Ba、Th、K和Pb等LILE,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等HFSE的活动陆缘弧岩浆地球化学特征。其中,二长花岗岩相对低SiO_2和K_2O,略高CaO、Fe_2O_3T和MgO,具轻重稀土中等分馏、弱负Eu异常的稀土元素分布模式。钾长花岗岩明显高SiO_2,富K_2O,低CaO和MgO,强烈亏损Sr、Ba、Eu、Ti和P,高DI指数(94.31~95.52)和高Rb/Sr比值,轻重稀土中等分馏,呈现出强负Eu异常的稀土分布模式,指示岩浆经历了较高程度演化。二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩分别获得464.5±3.5Ma和430.2±3.2 Ma的形成年龄,对应的锆石εHf(t)分别为-8.66~-6.56和-5.33~-2.19,Hf陆壳模式年龄TDMC分别为1.58~1.69Ga和1.33~1.49Ga,明显高于其形成年龄,表明岩浆主要源自中元古代基底陆壳物质的部分熔融。结合南天山北缘和中天山南缘类似的同期花岗岩的广泛出现认为,巴音布鲁克岩体中的二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩分别代表了南天山洋早期俯冲消减活动陆缘弧岩浆和晚期成熟岩浆演化的结果,表明其大洋俯冲消减作用一直持续到志留世仍未结束。     

Geochemical characteristics of mud volcano fluids in the southern margin of the Junggar basin,NW China: implications for fluid origin and mud volcano formation mechanisms

Mud volcanoes can provide important information about the underlying strata, hydrocarbon accumulation, and recent neotectonic movements in an area. The fluids erupting from mud volcanoes provide important information about their formation and evolution. The ion concentration and the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of the fluids that were erupted from the three mud volcano groups, Baiyanggou, Aiqigou, and Dushanzi, and nearby rivers in the southern margin of the Junggar basin, northwestern China, are studied. The concentrations of Na and Cl in mud volcano fluids are clearly elevated, displayed as the Na-Cl type. The δD and δ18O values of the fluids are similar between the Baiyanggou and Dushanzi mud volcanoes, which are mainly from ancient sedimentary pore water. However, the Aiqigou mud volcano is depleted in dissolved Cl and shows lower δ18O values with mixed sources, including deep pore and local meteoric water. Two types of mud volcanoes are proposed in this study. One type is low-energy mud volcanoes with a low volume of fluid of deep origin on the hillcrest, which display as mud pool/pie/hole. The other type is high-energy mud volcanoes having mixed fluid origin in the valley and formed in the shape of a mud cone (dome).     

Rare Earth Elements Composition and Constraint on the Genesis of the Polymetallic Crusts and Nodules in the South China Sea

The rare earth elements(REE) composition of the polymetallic crusts and nodules obtained from the South China Sea(SCS) were analyzed through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Results revealed great differences in the REE abundances(∑REE) of the SCS polymetallic crusts and nodules; the crusts show the highest ∑REE, whereas the nodules exhibit the lowest ∑REE. The similarity in their NASC-normalized patterns, the enriched light REE(LREE), the markedly positive Ce anomaly(δCe), and the non-or weakly positive Eu anomaly(δEu), suggest that the polymetallic crusts and nodules are of hydrogenetic origin. Moreover, the REE contents and their relevant parameters are quite different among the various layers of the crusts and nodules, which probably results from the different marginal sea environments and mineral assemblages of the samples. The growth profiles of the SCS polymetallic crusts and nodules reveal the tendency ∑REE and δCe to slightly increase from the outer to the inner layers, suggesting that the growth environments of these samples changed smoothly from an oxidizing to a relatively reducing environment; in addition, the crust ST1 may have experienced a regressive event(sea-level change) during its growth, although the REE composition of the seawater remained relatively stable. On the basis of the regional ∑REE distribution in the SCS crusts and nodules,the samples collected near the northern margin were influenced by terrigenous material more strongly compared with the other samples, and the REE contents are relatively low. Therefore, the special geotectonic environment is a significant factor influencing the abundance of elements, including REE and other trace elements. Compared with the oceanic seamount crusts and deep-sea nodules from other oceans,the SCS polymetallic crusts and nodules exhibit special REE compositions and shale-normalized patterns, implying that the samples are of marginal sea-type Fe-Mn sedimentary deposits, which are strongly affected by the epicontinental environment, and that they grew in a more oxidative seawater environment. This analysis indicates that the oxidized seawater environment and the special nano property of their Fe-Mn minerals enrich the REE adsorption.     

山东枣庄杨家堡子铁矿床地质特征及成因探讨

杨家堡子铁矿位于山东省枣庄市峄城区峨山镇,隶属苍峄铁成矿带,矿体赋存于新太古代泰山岩群山草峪组上部的变质岩中。该矿床内圈定磁铁矿体11个,求得铁矿石(333)资源量3 378.2万t,矿床平均品位TFe 33.30%,mFe 22.64%。主矿体为Ⅲ-6矿体,占矿床总资源量的83.69%,其长度1 137 m,最大斜深1 065 m,埋深707~1 369m,形态复杂程度中等,品位变化属均匀类型。含矿岩石为磁铁石英角闪岩。矿石中的主要有用组分为Fe,伴生元素含量较低,均无综合回收利用价值,有害组分S、P的含量均较低,经选矿后可达到炼钢及炼铁要求。矿石结构主要有粒状变晶结构和柱状变晶结构;矿石的构造主要为条带状构造,块状构造的矿石较少,但品位相对较高。矿石自然类型为原生磁铁矿石,工业类型属需选磁性铁矿石。该矿床成因与苍峄铁矿一脉相承,为典型的BIF型铁矿。根据区内以及邻区的见矿情况结合磁异常特征分析,杨家堡子矿区有良好的找矿前景。     

山东省枣庄市张范乡小屯石膏矿床的地质特征

该文论述了小屯石膏矿的地层、岩石和构造等矿区地质特征、矿床地质特征和矿石质量,对矿床成因进行了分析。小屯石膏矿是山东省首次在奥陶纪东黄山段地层中发现的具有工业开采价值和经过详查的小型石膏矿床。该矿床的发现突破了以往的地质认识,拓宽了寻找石膏矿的领域,对以后寻找同类型的石膏矿床具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Origin of CO_2 in natural gas from the Triassic Feixianguan Formation of Northeast Sichuan Basin

The natural gas from the Triassic Feixianguan Formation of Northeast Sichuan Basin contains high H2S whereas relatively low CO2 concentrations and the CO2 display high δ13C values (ranging from -5.81‰ to 3.3‰ (PDB)). This seems to contradict the conventional wisdom that TSR should be a primary source of CO2 in natural gas from the Feixianguan Formation. In contrast, many authigenic calcite samples from these sites display very low δ13C values (ranging from -18.4‰ to -10.3‰ (PDB)). This suggests that the carbon from TSR source dominated the formation of calcite whereas the carbon from inorganic source came into CO2 in natural gas. In order to assess the origin of CO2 from these H2S-rich sites, we have calculated the relative contributions of organic and inorganic carbon sources to the CO2 and authigenic calcite. The organic carbon source possibly originated from TSR, whereas the inorganic one might be generated from marine carbonates dissolution. This calculation is based on the carbon isotopic compositions of CO2 and authigenic calcite as well as an isotopic mass balance. The results show that the contribution of organic carbon source to the CO2 is only 2%, whereas that to authigenic calcite is as high as 43% on average. Such results combined with thermodynamic evidence indicate that the isotopically light CO2 produced by TSR process may contribute to authigenic calcite precipitation during burial diagenesis. Distinguishable from Ordovician reservoir of Tarim Basin, Feixianguan reservoir of Northeast Sichuan Basin experienced rapid tectonic uplift due to Yanshanian movement after TSR occurred. Such tectonic event could induce temperature decrease and further promote carbonates dissolution. During these processes, secondary porosity has developed in Feixianguan carbonate reservoirs. Therefore, much attention should be paid to the structural highs in search of high quality carbonate reservoirs.     

重庆高燕地区菱锰矿热水沉积成因地球化学证据

重庆高燕锰矿床位于晚震旦世秦巴成锰沉积盆地,主要赋存于陡山沱组顶部,以鲕粒或球粒状产出.为了查明其成因,在收集该区锰矿相关成果的基础上,对ZK129-3^#、ZK115-7^#、ZK127-7^#、ZK133-7^#、ZK115-11^#五个钻孔的陡山沱组鲕状菱锰矿进行系统采样,并测试了包括Mn、Fe、P、SiO₂、CaO、MgO、Al₂O₃和LOI在内的8个地球化学指标,进而运用指相元素地球化学分析了Mn/Al、（MgO/Al₂O₃）×10²、Al/（Al+Fe+Mn）和SiO₂/Al₂O₃比值.结果表明：重庆高燕菱锰矿受陆源物质的影响很小,与海洋沉积有关,主要是海洋自生产物;Al/（Al+Fe+Mn）和SiO₂/Al₂O₃值则指示其沉积过程中有热水参与,是热水沉积的产物.     

用同相叠加方法识别定点形变数据中的降雨影响

分别以昆明台、云龙台为例,用数据同相位叠加的方法分别对形变数据中的典型图像及其对应时段的降雨数据进行叠加,以判断典型图像是否与降雨有关。结果表明,昆明台形变观测中多次出现的同步转折为降雨影响;而云龙台的转折现象则与降雨无关,其来源及属性需要进一步研究。     

贵州碳酸盐岩风化壳中晶体石英形成条件分析:氧同位素证据

贵州碳酸盐岩风化壳中的晶体石英具有较强的测年潜力,其成因判别是年代学研究的前提和基础。对黔北、黔东地区3个碳酸盐岩风化壳剖面中的晶体石英和圆状石英进行了研究,拟通过晶体石英的δ18O值探讨其形成条件。结果表明,晶体石英的δ18O值在17.3‰～22.7‰范围内,平均为19.8‰,与火成岩、变质岩及热水(液)沉积中高温成因石英δ18O值明显不同;与砂岩中的碎屑石英、现代海滨砂中的石英以及风成沉积物中的石英等混合来源石英的δ18O值也有差异;尽管黔东大兴剖面中晶体石英和圆状石英的δ18O值相近,但它们的硅氧同位素相关关系不同,它们具有不同的成因;晶体石英的δ18O值分布在低温成因石英δ18O值范围内,这与其中未见两相包裹体的现象一致。结合实际资料和已有认识,推断晶体石英是包气带地表温度(15～25℃)条件下缓慢生长形成的;其形成过程与碳酸盐岩风化成土的两阶段模式密切相关:酸不溶物风化形成的含硅流体向下淋滤至风化壳底部后被圈闭在已形成的孔隙、空洞中,由于蒸发作用达到过饱和而缓慢结晶形成晶体石英。     

煤层气组分浓度异常及其地球化学成因

煤层气组分浓度异常蕴含着丰富的地球化学成因信息,某些有害组分的异常浓度往往会对矿工人身健康造成影响。为此,基于相关文献和资料从重烃浓度异常、氧化物气体浓度异常、硫化氢浓度异常三个方面总结了国内外研究进展,分析了关于煤层气组分浓度异常地球化学成因的种种假说,认为目前对煤层气组分浓度异常的成因尚欠深入理解,有必要结合具体实例开展解剖研究,并从新的视角予以探讨。