四级完井技术在渤海油田的应用

绥中36-1-G43M井是我国海上油田首次自主实施四级完井的多底分支井,采用的是特殊设计的斜向器侧钻系统,即在主井眼中下入空心斜向器进行上分支侧钻作业,利用定向射孔技术勾通上下两个分支,生产管柱可实现分采.此项技术不仅有效解决了海上平台槽口不足的问题,同时对一些低效井的再利用提供了有效的解决措施,对提高油田采收率、降低开采成本有重要意义,在渤海油田中后期的大规模调整开发中有广阔的应用前景.     

三维弹粘塑性块体元法分析软件的面向对象开发

介绍了三维弹粘塑性块体元理论的基本原理。用VC++ 和AVS编制了块体元法分析软件,实现了人机交互功能。该软件集成了块体元分析的前处理、应力应变分析和后处理三大模块,给出了一种应用于该分析理论的科学计算可视化的有效途径。通过算例,验证了软件的实用性。     

Delphi与Surfer的接口技术及其应用

利用Delphi与Surfer接口技术进行编程，既可以发挥Delphi数据库功能强大、开发效率高等优点，又充分利用了Surfer卓越的网格化和绘图能力，在深部地球物理数据可视化实现中采用这一技术，简化了数据处理流程，缩短了软件开发周期，取得了良好的应用效果。     

长江中游区域性暴雨发展机理合成分析

利用高分辨TBB资料、逐6h NCEP/NCAP再分析资料和逐日降水资料及SCSMEX降水加密观测资料，通过对长江中游8次区域性暴雨的合成分析，研究发现：暴雨落区发生在急流出口区南侧与南亚高压脊线近极地一侧之间发散气流辐射加强的区域附近；且与东亚副热带地区季风涌相关联；高空非地转惯性平流风散度是高空总散度的主要贡献者，高空倾斜急流轴（NW－SE向）出口区水平风场的分布不均匀，导致其出口区的右侧产生较强的辐散场，由于对流风的作用，低层辐合会对高层辐散产生响应，从而诱发暴雨发生。高空急流轴倾斜以及急流出口区右侧强辐散场的出现要早于暴雨的发生。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MERIDIONALLY ORIENTED SHEAR LINES OVER THE TIBETAN PLATEAU AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH RAINSTORMS IN THE BOREAL SUMMER HALF-YEAR

In this paper, European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) Reanalysis-Interim(ERAInterim) data and daily precipitation data in China from May to October during 1981-2016 are used to study the climatic characteristics of the meridionally oriented shear lines(MSLs) over the Tibetan Plateau(TP). The relationship between the MSL and rainstorms in the eastern TP and neighboring areas of the TP during the boreal summer half-year is also investigated. An objective method, which uses a combination of three parameters, i.e. the zonal shear of the meridional wind, the relative vorticity and the zero line of meridional wind, is adopted to identify the shear line. The results show that there are two high-occurrence centers of MSL. One is over the central TP(near 90°E) and the other is over the steep slope area of the eastern TP. Fewer MSLs are found along the Yarlung Zangbo River over the western TP and the southern Tibet. There are averagely 42.2 MSL days in each boreal summer half-year. The number of MSL days reaches the maximum of 62 in 2014 and the minimum of 22 in 2006. July and October witness the maximum of 10.2 MSL days/year and the minimum of 4.2 MSL days/year, respectively. The annual number of the MSL days shows periodicities of 2-4 and 4-6 years, which is quite similar to those of the MSL rainstorm days. In the neighboring areas of the TP, nearly56% of the MSLs lead to rainstorms, and nearly 40% of rainstorms are caused by the MSLs, indicating a close relationship between the MSLs and rainstorms in this region.     

An evaluation of approaches for modelling hydrological processes in high‐elevation,glacierized Andean watersheds

We use two hydrological models of varying complexity to study the Juncal River Basin in the Central Andes of Chile with the aim to understand the degree of conceptualization and the spatial structure that are needed to model present and future streamflows. We use a conceptual semi‐distributed model based on elevation bands [Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP)], frequently used for water management, and a physically oriented, fully distributed model [Topographic Kinematic Wave Approximation and Integration ETH Zurich (TOPKAPI‐ETH)] developed for research purposes mainly. We evaluate the ability of the two models to reproduce the key hydrological processes in the basin with emphasis on snow accumulation and melt, streamflow and the relationships between internal processes. Both models are capable of reproducing observed runoff and the evolution of Moderate‐resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer snow cover adequately. In spite of WEAP's simple and conceptual approach for modelling snowmelt and its lack of glacier representation and snow gravitational redistribution as well as a proper routing algorithm, this model can reproduce historical data with a similar goodness of fit as the more complex TOPKAPI‐ETH. We show that the performance of both models can be improved by using measured precipitation gradients of higher temporal resolution. In contrast to the good performance of the conceptual model for the present climate, however, we demonstrate that the simplifications in WEAP lead to error compensation, which results in different predictions in simulated melt and runoff for a potentially warmer future climate. TOPKAPI‐ETH, using a more physical representation of processes, depends less on calibration and thus is less subject to a compensation of errors through different model components. Our results show that data obtained locally in ad hoc short‐term field campaigns are needed to complement data extrapolated from long‐term records for simulating changes in the water cycle of high‐elevation catchments but that these data can only be efficiently used by a model applying a spatially distributed physical representation of hydrological processes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水库诱发地震震例及背景数据库的设计与研制

有关水库诱发地震问题的研究目前仍处于探索阶段,而水库诱发地震震例是深入研究水库诱发地震的宝贵基础资料。科学合理地对这些资料进行高效管理,无疑会加快水库诱发地震的研究步伐。文中介绍的水库诱发地震震例数据库管理系统,是以Visual Studio 2008为开发平台,C++作为开发语言。由于采用了面向对象的分析与设计方法,以及使用组件技术进行开发,使得该管理系统不仅界面友好、操作方便,而且具有良好的可维护性、可扩充性和升级换代能力。该系统的建立和使用有助于深入进行水库诱发地震的基础研究     

对城市公共信息导向识别系统中冗余信息研究

城市公共信息导向识别系统是围绕城市公共空间和公共场所的信息传播,是城市信息传播的符号载体,具有着导向指示、视觉识别、信息传达和文化传播等多方面功能。本文将以城市公共信息导向识别系统为主要研究对象,分析冗余信息在城市公共信息导向识别系统中的构成因素。另外,笔者认为城市公共信息导向识别系统中的冗余信息分为有效冗余和无效冗余,两者的存在各有其因,它们对于导向识别系统中的信息传播有着重要的影响。     

新疆大卡拉苏花岗伟晶岩锥状绿柱石矿物特征

在自然界中绿柱石多为柱状，往往呈杂乱无序状晶出，锥状绿柱石非常少见。大卡拉苏花岗伟晶中的六方锥状绿柱石，垂直花岗伟晶岩脉壁定向晶出，与熔浆期后钠质交代作用关系密切。     

基于高分辨率遥感影像的土地利用信息提取系统的设计与实现

结合土地利用调查监测业务的需求,基于三层软件架构设计了基于高分辨率遥感影像的土地利用信息提取系统。系统在ArcGIS Engine平台上开发,采用COM技术构建功能模块。设计的功能模块包括数据管理、视图浏览、影像分割、特征选取和面向对象分类等。系统设计并实现了面向对象的多分类器组合的分类器,保证了影像分类精度。系统分类数据可直接纳入土地利用数据库,有效满足了土地利用调查监管的时效性。本系统易于维护和扩展,具有很好的应用价值。