面向对象的图像分类方法与彩色扫描地形图林地层的自动提取

提出了一种基于面向对象分类方法的彩色扫描地形图林地层自动识别方法，简要阐述了这种方法的基本概念和原理，分析和讨论了该方法的优越性和林地层提取效果，为基于地形图计算林地面积，找林地动态变化或土地利用类型变化的研究提供了方法参考。     

遥感影像快速纠正系统的设计与实现

深入分析了传统遥感影像纠正处理工作中存在的问题,提出了以基础地理信息数据库为基础、基于网络环境的协同作业模式,解决了传统遥感影像纠正处理工作中资料准备工作量大、控制点采集效率低以及数据安全等问题。介绍了系统技术架构、设计与技术实现,为实现遥感影像快速纠正提出了切实可行的技术方案。     

云南省地域主体功能区划分实践及反思

以云南省主体功能区划分为研究命题,探讨边疆高原山地省份的主体功能区划实践的难题与解决方法,以期为主体功能区划提供理论指导与管理决策参考。研究发现：对于“然环境空间分异显著、人口集聚与经济发展基础差异明显、交通主导经济格局和面临民族与边疆地缘政治复杂情境的省域,主体功能区划分过程以县域为分析评价单元,以主导因素综合指数法...     

“面向区域”的GIS控件的设计与使用

本文提出了一个“面向区域”GIS控件的概念———即以特定的地理区域为对象,将基础地理信息连同有关的GIS功能操作融合为一个可重用的程序模块,以Microsoft的COM(即“组件对象模型”)技术为基础,组织为“GIS化”的ActiveX控件。这种GIS控件,将面向对象技术中的“对象”扩展到了整个特定的地理区域空间,其核心思想是不仅封装了GIS的数据模型,必要的功能操作,而且封装了所有的基础地理信息。由于省去了对空间数据的处理,因而这种GIS控件可被广大非GIS专业的信息系统开发者灵活、简便地用于各种管理信息系统、办公自动化系统和决策支持系统的GIS功能扩充,也可用于构建一般的地理信息系统,因而有利于GIS技术应用的普及。文章最后给出了有关陕西省的应用实例     

氢化物-无色散原子荧光光谱法测定微量碲

氢化物—无色散原子荧光光谱法测定黄铁矿及地球化学样品中微量碲，采用硝酸，盐酸，高氯酸分解样品，用浓盐酸将六价碲还原成四价碲，再用硼氢化钾继续还原使碲形成氢化物ＴｅＨ２，在ＡＦＳ１２０１Ｃ原子荧光光谱仪进行测定碲的检示限为０．１８μｇ／ｇ，精密度ＲＳＤ％为６．８％，该方法操作简便、快速、准确、费用低，可应用于大批量地球化学样品的分析。     

ORACLE空间数据库的对象-关系模式初探——兼议关系数据库和面向对象数据库在GIS中的应用

传统的关系数据库在GIS的应用中主要存在以下问题: 除数据类型简单, 不能很好地表达非结构化数据外, 也难以表示GIS中具有复杂结构的数据; 关系模型简单, 不能表达数据之间的层次, 继承、聚合、泛化或特化等在GIS广泛使用的关系; 与数据操纵语言如SQL和通用程序设计语言, 特别是目前流行的面向对象设计语言之间失配.采用面向对象技术可以较好地解决上述问题.ORACLE的空间数据库在传统的关系数据库上进行了面向对象的扩展, 即所谓对象-关系模式, 其核心在于增加了名为SDO-GEOMETRY的对象数据类型, 用于存储几何实体.ORACLE的空间数据库的应用示例表明: 以面向对象的形式表示空间数据比之于关系数据库中存放大量无意义的坐标有着很大的优势, 同时, 它在复合对象的表达方面, 在对于空间关系的处理方面都非常有效      

基于K-Means聚类的辽宁省主体功能区试划研究

在国家提出的新的主体功能区概念体系和划分思路前提下,基于辽宁省主体功能区划定要求的8个基本指标项定量综合评价基础数据,选择“典型的”优化开发区、重点开发区、农产品主产区和重点生态功能区,采用K-Means聚类方法,分别在不指定初始聚类中心、指定初始聚类中心、以及PCA分析（即主成份分析）基础上指定初始聚类中心3种方法,对于全省100个县市区做4类主体功能区试划分.分别将划分结果与全省最终采用的划分方案进行比较,结果表明采用在PCA分析基础上指定初始聚类中心技术方法的划分结果更接近最终采用方案.     

Large tufa mounds,Searles Lake,California

Mounds that have formed around spring vents occur in a variety of environmental settings, many at sites generally difficult or inaccessible for sampling. In contrast, over 500 tufa mounds occur in the dry bed of Searles Lake, California. The mounds range from minor features to 45 m in height; most are 5 to 12 m high. These mounds, composed of calcite and aragonite, formed associated with spring vents in the Pleistocene lake bottom. Thus, analyses of these mounds in Searles Lake provide a model with regard to the origin and architecture of tufa mounds. The mounds consist of four distinctive tufa facies. The initial deposits consist of porous tufa, including the innermost (porous 1) and the outermost (porous 2) deposits, followed by nodular tufa, then columnar tufa, and laminated crusts. There are two simple sequences of tufa deposition. The first sequence is from porous 1 to nodular to laminated crusts and, finally, to porous 2. A second sequence consists of: porous 1 to columnar to laminated crusts and, lastly, to porous 2. Facies changes are a response to changes in environmental conditions from deep water (porous 1 facies) to an essentially dry lake phase (during and after the formation of laminated crusts facies), to deep water (porous 2 facies) and, at the present time, totally dry. The primary constituents that comprise the tufa deposits include thin laminae, pisoids, spherulites, peloids and stromatolite‐like crusts. On the microscopic scale, these constituents dominantly make up nano‐spheres, micro‐rods and rod‐like crystals, as well as other calcified bodies. These constituents are interpreted to be the calcified remains of bacterial bodies. These findings suggest that microbial participation in the construct of other mounds should be a major concern of investigation, both for terrestrial and extraterrestrial spring‐fed mounds.     

广东省不动产统一登记信息管理基础平台的设计与实现

提出了广东省不动产登记信息管理基础平台的技术框架,重点对应用系统的体系构成及主要功能、数据库的逻辑结构及物理存储进行了总体设计,通过采用ESB、MyCAT分布式数据库中间件、OLAP多维分析等关键技术实现了平台的开发和应用,为广东省全面开展不动产登记工作提供了重要的技术保障。     

Two‐dimensional physically based finite element runoff model for small agricultural watersheds: I. Model development

Soil erosion by water is the root cause of ecological degradation in the Shiwalik foothills of Northern India. Simulation of runoff and its component processes is a pre‐requisite to develop the management strategies to tackle the problem, successfully. A two‐dimensional physically based distributed numerical model, ROMO2D has been developed to simulate runoff from small agricultural watersheds on an event basis. The model employs the 2‐D Richards equation with sink term to simulate infiltration and soil moisture dynamics in the vadoze zone under variable rainfall conditions, and 2‐D Saint‐Venant equations under the kinematic wave approximation along with Manning's equation as the stage‐discharge equation for runoff routing. The various flow‐governing equations have been solved numerically by employing a Galerkin finite element method for spatial discretization using quadrilateral elements and finite difference techniques for temporal solutions. The ROMO2D computer program has been developed as a class‐based program, coded in C + + in such a way that with minor modifications, the model can be used to simulate runoff on a continuous basis. The model writes output for a runoff hydrograph of each storm. Model development is described in this paper and the results of model testing and field application are to be presented in a subsequent paper. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.