餐饮源挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放特征及对臭氧生成的影响

餐饮排放是城市地区挥发性有机物（VOCs）重要的无组织来源,由于其排放特征复杂,是大气环境研究和管理的薄弱环节.本研究采用了现场和实验模拟两种采样方式,利用2,4-二硝基苯肼（DNPH）采样柱和不锈钢罐分别采集羰基化合物和全空气样品,然后利用高效液相色谱（HPLC）和气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS/FID）对116种组分进行定性定量分析.在此基础上,分析了餐饮源VOCs的排放特征及其影响因素.总体来看,含氧有机物（OVOCs）和烷烃是VOCs浓度的主要贡献者,但不同餐饮源的源谱特征差异较大.另外,通过比较发现食用油的种类、油的使用次数、加热方式、烹饪方式和调味料等因素会对餐饮源VOCs排放特征造成显著影响.进一步分析了不同菜系所排放VOCs的臭氧生成潜势（OFP）,关键组分主要是甲醛、乙醛、丁烯醛、乙烯和丙烯等.本研究成果能够补充我国餐饮源VOCs控制所需的基础数据.     

森林沼泽区富含有机质样品中金的存在形式及对分析的影响

为探讨中国东北森林沼泽地区富含有机质样品中金偏低的原因,采用了王水溶矿法和四酸溶矿法的AAS分析来测定样品中的Au.用四酸溶矿法驱除硅胶,明显地提高金的测定值,特别是对含量大于10-9的样品,2种分析方法的差别更大.通过以上研究发现,在森林沼泽区的富含有机质样品中,金除以有机质结合形式存在于介质中,还可能以胶体或纳米形式存在于样品中,并被SiO2胶体所包裹,在高浓度有机酸的保护下,金能在水溶液中呈活动形式做长距离迁移;但用王水溶矿法不能测定出这种被SiO2 胶体包裹形式的金.     

Carbonaceous materials in size-segregated atmospheric aerosols from urban and coastal-rural areas at the Western European Coast

A high-volume cascade impactor, equipped with a PM10 inlet, was used to collect size-segregated aerosol samples during the summer of 2004 at two Portuguese locations: a coastal-rural area (Moitinhos) and an urban area (Oporto). Concentrations of airborne particulate matter (PM), total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) were determined for the following particle size ranges: < 0.49, 0.49–0.95, 0.95–3.0, and 3.0–10 µm. The total PM mass concentrations at the urban and coastal-rural sites ranged from 22.8 to 79.6 μg m^− 3 and 19.9 to 28.2 μg m^− 3, respectively, and more than 56% of the total aerosol mass was found in the fractions below 3.0 μm. At both locations the highest concentrations of OC and EC were found in the submicrometer size range. The regional variability for the OC and EC concentrations, with the highest concentrations being found in the urban area, was related to the contribution of local primary sources (mostly traffic emissions). It was also verified an enrichment of the small size particles in WSOC, representing on average 37.3(± 12.4)% and 59.7(± 18.0)% of OC in the very fine aerosol at the coastal-rural and urban areas, respectively. The amount of secondary OC calculated by the minimum OC/EC ratio method indicates that secondary organic aerosol formation was important throughout the study at both sites. The obtained results suggest that long-range transport and favourable summer conditions for photochemical oxidation are key factors determining secondary OC formation in the coastal-rural and urban areas. The ultraviolet absorption properties of the chromophoric constituents of the WSOC fractions were also different among the different particle size ranges and also between the two sampling locations, thus suggesting the strong impact of the diverse emission sources into the composition of the size-segregated organic aerosol.     

The effect of river-delta system on the formation of the source rocks in the Baiyun Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin

Source rock formation influenced by river-delta system, especially in continental margin basins, is still poorly understood. This article aimed to reveal the effect of river-delta system on the formation of the source rock by taking the Baiyun Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin for example. Paleo-Pearl River began to develop since the Enping Formation, providing abundant organic matter beneficial for the formation of the source rocks in the Baiyun Sag. The main controlling factor of source rock formation in the Baiyun Sag is terrestrial organic matter supply rather than the paleoproductivity or redox conditions. Low Al/Ti and P/Ti ratios suggest low marine productivity, which may be associated with a large number of terrigenous detritus input, occupying about 43.04%–94.91%. There is a positive correlation between the oleanane/C₃₀hopane ratio and the TOC value, showing that terrigenous organic matter controls the source rock formation. The size of the delta below Pearl River estuary determines the extent of terrestrial organic matter supply. Source rocks with high organic matter abundance mainly formed in delta environment, and those in neritic environment in Enping and Zhuhai Formations also have high TOC values as a result of adequate terrestrial organic matter supply.     

中下扬子二叠纪礁碳酸盐岩成岩作用,孔隙演化及油气评价

本文提出了中下扬子二叠纪礁碳酸盐岩主要作用类型有造礁作用，白云石化作用，胶结作用，溶解作用及裂隙作用，经历了海水，混合水，大气淡水及埋藏成岩环境，按下列序列演化，造礁作用－海水胶结作用－蒸发海水白云石化－淡水渗流带淋溶及潜流带胶结作用一混合水白云石化－浅埋Ｉ胶结，白云化及溶解作用（Ｔ１／Ｐ２）的多期交替－深埋藏胶结（含Ｊ３／Ｊ２古表生构造岩溶作用）一深埋藏溶解－深埋藏白云石化－浅埋藏ＩＩ及表生淋溶     

Characterization of the particulate organic matter in the Loire Estuary (France) using ETS activity measurements

The major problems encountered in studying estuarine particulate organic matter (POM) are the characterization and quantitation of different kinds of materials (e.g. detrital and living matter, algal and bacterial matter…) each type contributing a specific role in the ecosystem. The study of the activity of the electron transport system (ETS) is proposed as a tool for resolving these problems. Results obtained in our laboratory with cultures of planktonic algae and bacteria provided us with numerical relationships between ETS activity and various organic components such as chlorophyll, carbon and protein. These relationships were: ETS activity/chlorophyll = 2.6, carbon/ETS activity = 17.3, protein/ETS activity = 9.6 in algae; carbon/ETS activity = 5.9, protein/ETS activity = 7.7 in bacteria (ETS activity expressed in /i₂h⁻¹ at 20°C; chlorophyll, carbon and protein in μg). Such data can be applied in field studies to characterize the living algal and bacterial matter and, by difference, the detrital organic matter. We report here a study of the Loire estuary as an example.     

Smectite-illitization difference of source rocks developed in saline and fresh water environments and its influence on hydrocarbon generation: A study from the Shahejie Formation,Dongying Depression,China

Samples of argillaceous source rocks from three sub-members of the Shahejie Formation (Es) in the Dongying Depression, China, were collected to investigate the differences in hydrocarbon generation among the sub-members, which developed in fresh (Es₃², Es₃³) and saline (Es₄¹) water environments. Pyrolysis, XRD and thermo-XRD analyses were used to compare the characteristics of organic matter (OM), clay minerals and OM occurrences. Total organic carbon and hydrocarbon potential proxies suggest that the samples from Es₃³ were much better than the other two intervals, which agrees with previous studies. The characteristics of clay minerals suggest that the samples from Es₄¹ have the most abundant illite, with a maximum illite percentage in mixed-layer illite-smectite (ISm), and the best crystallinity of ISm with a main stacking mode of R1.5. However, the stacking modes of ISm in Es₃² and Es₃³ were primarily R0 and R1, respectively, and the crystallinity was relatively poor. Thus, the smectite illitization process was faster in Es₄¹ than in the other two intervals, and a saline environment was a primary cause for the acceleration of the process. Moreover, OM occurrence indicates that the samples from Es₄¹ had the lowest amount of interlayer OM, whereas Es₃³ had the largest amount. Therefore, the rapid illitization in Es₄¹ caused abundant interlayer OM to be desorbed and discharged, which in turn caused the amount of residual interlayer OM in Es₄¹ to be less than that in the other two intervals. Thus, the source rocks of Es₄¹ made a more significant contribution to hydrocarbon generation than those of the other two units. In conclusion, the inconsistent illitization among these intervals was a major cause of the differences in hydrocarbon generation.     

黄河口及邻近渤海海域悬浮体和沉积物中有机碳、氮的分布特征及其影响因素

利用元素分析仪对2007年获取的黄河口及邻近渤海海域悬浮体和沉积物进行了有机碳、氮含量分析.结果表明,在同一站位有机碳大体上的分布为,表层沉积物中TOC含量≤底层悬浮体中POC含量<表层悬浮体中POC含量;依据表层沉积物中TOC、TN含量和悬浮体中POC的分布,研究区可划分为5个区,依次为莱州湾西部靠近黄河口区(Ⅰ和Ⅱ...     

有机包裹体显微傅里叶红外光谱和荧光光谱测定及其意义

应用显微光度术、显微傅里叶红外光谱（Ｍｉｃｒｏ－ＦＴ．ＩＲ）结合均一温度测量,对胜利油气区下第三系沙河街组沙三段中有机包裹体进行了研究。区分出两类有机包裹体,即原生有机包裹体和次生有机包裹体。有机包裹体荧光特征和显微傅里叶红餐光谱定量研究表明：（１）原生有机包裹体中含有硫醇化合物,其烃类有机质烷基碳链较长,碳原子数约为１５－１７;次生有机包裹体中除含有硫醇外,还含有一定量的Ｈ２Ｓ,其烃类肯机质烷基     

Use of magnetic measures to assess soil redistribution following deforestation in hilly region

Limited information is available about the use of magnetic susceptibility property to determine soil redistribution in hilly areas of the semi-arid regions. This study was conducted to evaluate the use of magnetic properties to determine soil redistribution along a hill slope following deforestation. The study area is located in the Quaternary hilly region of Lordegan district in west Iran. Ten transects were established in two land uses that included natural Querqus forested and cultivated lands. Soil samples were collected at different positions along the slope and magnetic properties (χlf, χhf, SIRM, ARM, and χfd) and selected physico-chemical properties were determined. The results (based on the χfd, SIRM/ARM) showed that the magnetic susceptibly in the calcareous materials is pre-dominantly derived during the pedogenic processes and the superparamagnetic particles which were transported to lower positions of hill slope following deforestation. The results confirmed that this methodology could be applied for monitoring soil redistribution along the slope in calcareous hilly areas in the semi-arid regions.