大兴安岭东南部太平山地区断裂控矿作用及控矿应力场

根据控矿断裂构造的分期配套及其交切关系研究 ,发现大兴安岭东南部太平山地区内生金属矿床的形成与中生代多次转换的区域构造应力场及其所形成的断裂直接相关。太平山地区在中生代经历了 4期具不同区域构造应力场的控矿构造运动 :①晚侏罗世晚期至早白垩世早期 ,形成NEE走向的矿化隐爆角砾熔岩带 ;②早白垩世晚期 ,造成了大量近EW (或NWW )和NW (或NNW )走向的共轭张_张扭性断裂 ,该期为主成矿期 ;③晚白垩世 ,形成并复活了近SN向 (或NNE向 )和NE65°的两组共轭张扭性断裂 ,沿断裂充填了中酸性脉岩和铁矿 ;④晚白垩世之后 ,发育NNW向挤压的区域构造应力场     

Biological soil crusts exhibit a dynamic response to seasonal rain and release from grazing with implications for soil stability

In Northern Mexico, long-term grazing has substantially degraded semiarid landscapes. In semiarid systems, ecological and hydrological processes are strongly coupled by patchy plant distribution and biological soil crust (BSC) cover in plant-free interspaces. In this study, we asked: 1) how responsive are BSC cover/composition to a drying/wetting cycle and two-year grazing removal, and 2) what are the implications for soil erosion? We characterized BSC morphotypes and their influence on soil stability under grazed/non-grazed conditions during a dry and wet season. Light- and dark-colored cyanobacteria were dominant at the plant tussock and community level. Cover changes in these two groups differed after a rainy season and in response to grazing removal. Lichens with continuous thalli were more vulnerable to grazing than those with semi-continuous/discontinuous thalli after the dry season. Microsites around tussocks facilitated BSC colonization compared to interspaces. Lichen and cyanobacteria morphotypes differentially enhanced resistance to soil erosion; consequently, surface soil stability depends on the spatial distribution of BSC morphotypes, suggesting soil stability may be as dynamic as changes in the type of BSC cover. Longer-term spatially detailed studies are necessary to elicit spatiotemporal dynamics of BSC communities and their functional role in biotically and abiotically variable environments.     

GIS中空间相关的动态角色控制

GIS应用系统中,不同用户角色拥有不同用户权限区,这种角色控制方式适合现行的管理机制,但以区域来确定用户权限区的固定角色控制对解决跨区域协作问题存在困难,当业务发展涉及多个区域时,不能合理有效地共享信息,造成信息系统失效。针对该问题,基于角色的访问控制提出空间相关的动态角色控制,分析其需要考虑的方面并进行详细的设计,探讨总体结构和核心设计,通过一个森林防火GIS中火灾跨区域扑救协作典型试验,证明空间相关的动态角色控制对解决跨区域协作的可行性。     

The issue of trust and its influence on risk communication during a volcanic crisis

This paper investigates trust in the scientists, government authorities and wider risk management team during the ongoing volcanic crisis in Montserrat, WI. Identifying the most trusted communicator and how trust in information can be enhanced are considered important for improving the efficacy of volcanic risk communication. Qualitative interviews, participant observations and a quantitative survey were utilised to investigate the views and attitudes of the public, authorities and scientists. Trust was found to be dynamic, influenced by political factors made more complex by the colonial nature of Montserrat’s governance and the changing level of volcanic activity. The scientists were viewed by the authorities as a highly trusted expert source of volcanic information. Mistrust among some of the local authorities towards the scientists and British Governor was founded in the uncertainty of the volcanic situation and influenced by differences in levels of acceptable risk and suspicions about integrity (e.g. as a consequence of employment by the British Government). The public viewed friends and relatives as the most trusted source for volcanic information. High trust in this source allowed competing messages to reinforce beliefs of lower risk than were officially being described. The scientists were the second most trusted group by the public and considered significantly more competent, reliable, caring, fair and open than the authorities. The world press was the least trusted, preceded closely by the British Governor’s Office and Montserratian Government officials. These results tally well with other empirical findings suggesting that government ministers and departments are typically distrusted as sources of risk-related information. These findings have implications for risk communication on Montserrat and other volcanic crises. The importance and potential effectiveness of scientists as communicators, because of, and despite, the existence of political, cultural and institutional barriers, is exemplified by this study.

塔巴庙气田上古生界致密储层裂缝系统基本特征及其在天然气成藏中的作用

塔巴庙地区位于鄂尔多斯盆地北部伊陕斜坡构造带上,构造平缓,一般认为不具备裂缝发育条件,然而大量岩心观察、薄片分析、物性测试、测井及试井资料证实,研究区上古生界发育以垂直或高角度裂缝为主的区域性分布构造裂缝系统,与区域构造变形具有同序性;其次为与地层局部挠曲变形有关的低角度构造裂缝系统。我们结合研究区裂缝系统的形态、产状、密度及裂缝分布范围等表观特征和前人区域应力场演化研究成果后认为,与区域水平挤压应力为主的多期隆升构造有关的区域性裂缝系统在塔巴庙地区天然气成藏过程中起双重作用,在自生自储组合中区域性裂缝以输导作用为主,在下生上储组合中储集作用为主。天然气成藏模式的建立,无疑对塔巴庙主力目的层盒2 3的勘探开发提供一定指导作用。     

铜石杂岩体隐爆作用与金矿成矿的关系及其研究意义

山东省平邑县铜石地区是鲁西最重要的金矿产地,继归来庄大型金矿床发现之后,又相继发现了卓家庄特富金矿床及磨坊沟、梨方沟、贺山庄等具层控特征的金矿床,构成了铜石金矿田。这些金矿床的形成与铜石地区中生代多期次岩浆活动或隐爆作用密切相关,分布于岩体边部的隐爆-侵入角砾岩是金矿床的载体,成为寻找隐爆-侵入角砾岩型金矿的重要标志。     

The functional roles of marine sponges

Despite the wide range of functional roles performed by marine sponges they are still poorly represented in many research, monitoring and conservation programmes. The aim of this review is to examine recent developments in our understanding of sponge functional roles in tropical, temperate and polar ecosystems. Functions have been categorised into three areas: (a) impacts on substrate (including bioerosion, reef creation, and substrate stabilisation, consolidation and regeneration); (b) bentho-pelagic coupling (including carbon cycling, silicon cycling, oxygen depletion and nitrogen cycling); and (c) associations with other organisms (facilitating primary production, secondary production, provision of microhabitat, enhanced predation protection, survival success, range expansions and camouflage though association with sponges, sponges as a settlement substrate, disrupting near-boundary and reef level flow regimes, sponges as agents of biological disturbance, sponges as releasers of chemicals and sponges as tools for other organisms). The importance of sponges on substrate, sponge bentho-pelagic coupling, and sponge interactions and associations is described. Although the scientific evidence strongly supports the significance and widespread nature of these functional roles sponges still remain underappreciated in marine systems.     

Geographical and seasonal variations in biomass and estimated production rates of net zooplankton in Yatsushiro Bay, Japan

The biomass and production rate of net zooplankton were studied at eight stations in Yatsushiro Bay, Japan, monthly from May 2002 to April 2003. Based on environmental conditions, the bay was divided into three regions, viz. northern (average depth, salinity and chlorophyll a concentration: 11 m, 31.8 and 6.5 μg l⁻¹, respectively), central (30 m, 32.8 and 3.2 μg l⁻¹, respectively) and southern (43 m, 33.4 and 1.9 μg l⁻¹, respectively). Net zooplankton biomass was high in warm months and low in cold ones, with annual averages of 20.2, 38.8 and 16.4 mg C m⁻³ in the northern, central and southern regions, respectively. Copepods were the most important constituent (>ca. 70% of net zooplankton biomass) in all regions. The northern region was characterized by the dominance of Oithona spp. in summer and Acartia spp. in winter-spring. In the central region, Microsetella norvegica was most pronounced in summer-fall. In both central and southern regions, Calanus sinicus and Eucalanus spp. dominated in winter-spring and fall, respectively. The annual average net zooplankton secondary production rate was 4.4, 7.5 and 3.9 mg C m⁻³d⁻¹ in the northern, central and southern region, respectively. Combining the results from the present study with those from other collaborative works on microzooplankton allowed us to determine the trophic interactions in Yatsushiro Bay. If the secondary producers depend entirely on phytoplankton for food, their daily carbon requirement is equivalent to 12.5, 21.6 and 19.1% of the phytoplankton biomass in the respective regions.     

城市旧住宅区改造三方利益关系探讨:以深圳市为例

结合深圳的旧住宅区改造实践,以土地使用权、土地发展权及房屋价值解读为基础,探讨政府、开发商以及业主在旧住宅区改造过程中应该扮演的角色,并进一步分析当前深圳市旧住宅区改造中政府、开发商以及业主三方角色的现实关系.在此基础上,针对当前深圳市的三种旧住宅区改造模式中的三方关系进行对比剖析,发现传统市场主导模式下的旧住宅区改造...     

铜陵矿集区燕山期地壳浅部成矿流体活动的构造控矿

为查明铜陵矿集区在燕山期不同层次、不同部位和不同类型的构造的导流-一控矿作用，作者完成了3个构造物理模拟实验，分别模拟了中-深层次断裂系统、浅表部褶皱．断裂系统与中部褶皱系统的应力性质与应变景观；依次分析了不同方向、不同部位和不同层次控矿断裂及褶皱的导流作用，讨论了特定构造部位多种构造形迹复合而成的三维控流系统对流体运输的控制作用。分析表明，在区域地壳浅部的中-深层次，褶皱作用较弱，主要由盖层岩系断裂系统及基底断裂共同组成导流断裂系统，为成矿流体的浅部运输提供了通道；在中-浅层次，褶皱作用较强。褶皱及其相伴生的断裂系统为流体提供了就位空间。