某污染场地土壤苯并(a)芘含量的三维估值及不确定性分析

污染场地修复前的准确评估是开展场地修复行动的基础和前提。建立了一套评估污染场地中污染土方量的三维插值方法,采用该方法模拟了某污染场地土壤苯并(a)芘(BaP)含量的空间分布并分析其不确定性。结果表明：场地地下环境中BaP含量数据服从对数正态分布,土壤中污染严重区域分别位于研究区的西南部和北部。通过普通克里格插值得到的BaP浓度超过0.4 mg·kg^-1的污染羽体积为14134 m³,对应的累积概率为0.585。依据给定变差范围值计算,得出现有收集数据对整个场地的描述程度为65%。基于该三维插值方法能准确地反映场地污染物空间分布特征,其不确定性分析可为补充采样布点及精准评估提供参考。     

万泉寺银金矿成矿作用分析

万泉寺银金矿主要产于侏罗系白旗组二段地层中。其成矿作用主要为深部成矿物质随岩浆发生反重力迁移,最终通过较大断裂上升并于较大构造带中富集成矿。本文通过对该矿区成矿特征的阐述得出几点找矿标志,以便于对同类矿床的勘查提供参考。     

黑河地区金矿开发的环境影响研究

黑河地区是我国重要的矿产资源集中地,辖区矿产资源非常丰富,采取相应的措施有效做好黑河辖区矿产资源的可持续开采,对国家及黑河地区的经济社会发展具有非常重要的意义。文章重点分析了黑河地区的金矿赋存条件以及当前金矿的开发利用现状,明确了在金矿开发过程中存在的诸多环境影响问题,提出了黑河地区金矿开发开采过程中的环境指标评价体系。     

南海西北部陆架区沿岸流和上升流对中华哲水蚤分布的影响

中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)是广泛分布于西北太平洋大陆架水域的浮游桡足类,在海洋生态系统的物质循环和能量流动中具有重要作用。根据2006年7月至2007年10月4个季节使用网目孔径为0.505mm的浮游生物网采集的样品,分析了南海西北部陆架区中华哲水蚤的水平、季节和昼夜垂直分布以及与季风、海流和温度的关系。中华哲水蚤丰度季节变化显著,整个调查海域春季的平均达(22.30±77.78)个/m3,夏季的降低,平均为(13.74±45.10)个/m3,秋季消失,冬季调查期间仍未出现。中华哲水蚤的区域分布差异十分显著,将调查海域划分为粤西近海、琼东近海、粤西-琼东外海三个亚区,在粤西近海亚区春、夏季中华哲水蚤的平均丰度分别为(115.63±145.93),(68.12±84.00)个/m3,远高于另外两个亚区。夏季琼东沿岸上升流区的中华哲水蚤没有昼夜垂直移动行为,呈底层分布,以躲避表层高温的伤害。南海西北部陆架区是中华哲水蚤的季节分布区,冬春季东北季风期间由广东沿岸流从东海沿岸携带而来,出现的时间从北往南逐渐推迟;夏季西南季风期间雷州半岛东部近海的冷涡和琼东沿岸上升流区成为中华哲水蚤度夏的避难所;秋季季风转换时期上升流减弱或消失,中华哲水蚤因耐受不了高温(>27℃)死亡而消失。因此,中华哲水蚤对东北季风时期的沿岸流和西南季风时期的上升流均具有良好的指示作用。     

黑潮及相邻海域表层砂壳纤毛虫分布模式:以夏季黄海、东海至西太平洋断面为例

2019年夏季对沿黄、东海至西太平洋跨越黑潮一个断面(122°E～145°E)的表层砂壳纤毛虫群落进行调查,研究了黑潮中砂壳纤毛虫与相邻水体的差异.根据水文环境及各站位所处的空间位置,我们将研究区域划分为大洋边缘区域、黑潮区域和大洋区域.各站位砂壳纤毛虫的丰度范围为3.95～31.94 ind·L–1,种丰富度范围为6...     

潍北平原土壤盐渍化现状及成因分析

通过环境地质调查及易溶盐测试,根据相关标准确定了潍北平原土壤盐渍化程度,并从地层、气象、地貌、水文地质、卤水开采等方面系统的分析了潍北土壤盐渍化形成原因,为当地土壤盐渍化防治提供了参考依据。     

基于粗糙集的BP神经网络在震例中的应用研究

采用《中国震例》作为数据源,通过初步整理分析和预处理,构建了较完备的震例研究样本集。尝试将粗糙集与BP神经网络相结合的方法引入到震例研究中,用基于粗糙集的属性约简算法从众多复杂的地震异常指标中筛选出对最终分类起决定作用的核心异常作为输入,震级作为输出,构建了泛化能力强的BP神经网络模型来模拟异常与地震之间的不确定关系。仿真测试结果表明:地震震级预测精度误差基本控制在-0.5～0.5级之间。     

Surveillance of Invasive Bacterial Pathogens and Human Enteric Viruses in Wastewater Final Effluents and Receiving Water Bodies – a Case Study from Durban,South Africa

The physico‐chemical characteristics and microbial composition of the final effluents of two municipal wastewater treatment plants in South Africa were assessed between July and September 2009. The impact of the treated final effluents on the receiving water bodies was also evaluated. The temperature across all sampling points ranged between 14 and 22°C, while pH varied from 6.9 to 7.6. High levels of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia, nitrate, nitrite and orthophosphate (PO₄) were observed in many cases. Turbidity of the samples was in the range of 2.2–288.6 NTU. The concentrations (mg/L) of other physico‐chemical parameters are as follows: COD (9.33–289); ammonia (0.000340–45.4); nitrate (0.062–539); nitrite (0.021–22.6); PO₄ (5.3–33.2). The microbial quality of the effluents discharged from the plants did not comply with the limits set by the South African guidelines with respect to pathogens such as Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli, total coliform, faecal coliform, enterococci, faecal streptococci, and viral particles for effluents intended for discharge into receiving watersheds. This study revealed an undesirable impact on the physico‐chemical and microbial qualities of the receiving water bodies as a result of the discharge of inadequately treated effluents from the wastewater treatment facilities. This poses a health risk to several rural communities which rely on the receiving water bodies primarily as their sources of domestic water and recreational purposes. There is therefore a need for the intervention of appropriate regulatory agencies in South Africa to ensure compliance of treatment facilities with wastewater effluent quality standards.     

New Zealand estuary benthic health indicators summarised nationally and by estuary type

ABSTRACT

Ecological data are often collected at small geographic scales. However, analysing data collectively over wider scales can reveal results and patterns not shown in the smaller-scale data. We summarised data for intertidal benthic ecological (physico-chemical and biological) health indicators from New Zealand estuaries and compared the results against thresholds above which ecological impacts are expected to occur. Values for the sediment physico-chemical indicators mud and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus collectively) were above thresholds for at least 50% and at 31% of sites measured respectively. Sediment organic content and metal concentrations were generally low, with only maximum values exceeding the thresholds. Scores for biological indicators were within (or better than) the moderate health category for either at least 50%, or at least 75%, of sites. When compared across estuary types (based on a geomorphic classification system) we found statistically significant differences for thirteen of the sixteen indicators. Differences (among mean values) for highly significant results were relatively large compared to the range of values observed nationally for those indicators. However, the differences, except those for mud, were smaller than their respective ecological health threshold values. Our summary provides a reference for future comparisons of estuary indicators nationally and across estuary types.     

江苏省区域旅游产业差异及“板块旅游”发展战略

建构区域旅游产业竞争力评价三级指标体系,运用层次分析法和聚类分析法测度江苏省区域旅游产业竞争力,并采用锡尔I(O)系数方法对旅游产业竞争力水平差异进行分解,从市场、效益、贡献、资源、设施、人才、经济、交通和环境9个细分指标揭示苏南、苏中和苏北地区旅游产业发展水平的差异。分析发现,苏南、苏中和苏北地区间差异明显,地区内部城际差异相对较小;苏南地区的整体旅游产业竞争力较强,而苏中和苏北地区相对较弱,苏南与苏中、苏北的旅游发展整体水平差距大,苏中与苏北的差距相对较小;江苏旅游产业竞争力的空间分异特点是"南强北弱"、"沿江强沿海弱"。提出重点打造四大旅游板块并构建跨区域旅游板块的"板块旅游"模式区域发展战略,旨在实现苏南、苏中和苏北旅游产业的相对均衡协调发展和旅游产业竞争力水平的整体提升。