降雨条件下顺倾向煤系地层边坡稳定性的影响研究

煤系地层具有岩层软硬不均,层间胶结较差,风化速度快,遇水易软化,结构易破坏导致强度丧失等特点,特别是夹层中炭质泥岩或页岩具有强度低、易活化、易变性和渗透系数相对较小的特点,这决定了其对整体边坡的稳定性具有控制作用。文章分析了煤系地层边坡饱和、非饱和渗流降雨条件（降雨强度）、土性参数（夹层饱和渗透系数）以及边坡形状尺寸（坡脚、夹层倾角、夹层埋深）等因素对边坡渗流特点及稳定性的影响,发现软弱夹层与上下岩体渗透性差异性对边坡稳定性影响明显;软弱夹层埋置越浅,边坡越易失稳;降雨强度越大,边坡越易沿软弱夹层发生滑坡;并非坡脚越大降雨之后边坡的安全系数降低幅度就大,而是随着夹层倾角的增大,边坡的安全系数逐渐降低,边坡越易沿软弱夹层发生滑坡,这些认识对煤系地层边坡的设计和治理有重要的参考意义。      

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界层序地层格架及含气砂体沉积演化特征*

鄂尔多斯盆地长期存在“南油北气”的固有认识,晚古生代早期砂体不发育与分布规律不清的认识,长期制约了盆地东南部天然气勘探开发的步伐。因此,加强盆地东南部上古生界煤系含气地层地质方面的研究、尤其是层序地层与储集砂体成因研究,对进一步增储上产具有重要理论与实践意义。作者采用Vail经典层序地层理论与方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界进行层序地层研究: 首先对层序界面进行识别,以岩性、旋回和沉积特征变化作为识别依据,并提出二级层序界面上下岩性组合变化巨大、二级界面之上叠置的低位砂厚度巨大的观点,共将本溪组—石盒子组划分为3个二级层序,11个三级层序;其次根据层序内部砂体堆积、迁移样式对体系域进行了划分。通过大量钻井的层序单元追踪对比与岩心精细描述,重点分析层序格架内主要含气层段本溪组、山西组及盒8段储集砂体的空间叠置关系,结合不同时期基准面旋回变化及其形成机制对其进行探讨,认为优势含气层段储集层中本2段具有障壁迁移、毯式连通,山2段具有低位控砂、面线连通,山1段具有侧向迁移、接触式连通,盒8段具有迁摆叠置、多向连通的特点。     

Lithofacies paleogeography mapping and reservoir prediction in tight sandstone strata: A case study from central Sichuan Basin,China

Sand-rich tight sandstone reservoirs are potential areas for oil and gas exploration. However, the high ratio of sandstone thickness to that of the strata in the formation poses many challenges and uncertainties to traditional lithofacies paleogeography mapping. Therefore, the prediction of reservoir sweet spots has remained problematic in the field of petroleum exploration. This study provides new insight into resolving this problem, based on the analyses of depositional characteristics of a typical modern sand-rich formation in a shallow braided river delta of the central Sichuan Basin, China. The varieties of sand-rich strata in the braided river delta environment include primary braided channels, secondary distributary channels and the distribution of sediments is controlled by the successive superposed strata deposited in paleogeomorphic valleys. The primary distributary channels have stronger hydrodynamic forces with higher proportions of coarse sand deposits than the secondary distributary channels. Therefore, lithofacies paleogeography mapping is controlled by the geomorphology, valley locations, and the migration of channels. We reconstructed the paleogeomorphology and valley systems that existed prior to the deposition of the Xujiahe Formation. Following this, rock-electro identification model for coarse skeletal sand bodies was constructed based on coring data. The results suggest that skeletal sand bodies in primary distributary channels occur mainly in the valleys and low-lying areas, whereas secondary distributary channels and fine deposits generally occur in the highland areas. The thickness distribution of skeletal sand bodies and lithofacies paleogeography map indicate a positive correlation in primary distributary channels and reservoir thickness. A significant correlation exists between different sedimentary facies and petrophysical properties. In addition, the degree of reservoir development in different sedimentary facies indicates that the mapping method reliably predicts the distribution of sweet spots. The application and understanding of the mapping method provide a reference for exploring tight sandstone reservoirs on a regional basis.     

上覆硬厚岩层破断运动及断顶控制

硬厚覆岩的破断与结构将发生显著的变化。针对汝箕沟煤矿二2煤层上覆厚层石英砂岩条件,采用现场实测、数值模拟、理论分析及现场试验等方法,研究了硬厚覆岩裂隙发育特征、破断运动、矿压显现特征及断顶控制技术,为硬厚覆岩工作面灾害防治提供了依据。研究表明,硬厚石英砂岩的微观结构致密完整,呈现大面积悬空、大步距破断运动,引起强烈的支架动载,甚至导致工作面风流逆转、沟通上部采空区隐形火区;硬厚岩层破断运移后产生明显的离层空间,并在开切眼上部和工作面上部及采空区中部形成覆岩主裂隙带,且发育高度大于经验计算数值,甚至与上方采空区沟通诱发灾害;实施开切眼深孔断顶爆破及降低工作面采高,有效缩短了硬厚岩层的初次破断步距,降低了支架动载及主裂隙带高度。     

福建安溪潘田矿区矿坑涌水量预测方法评述

安溪潘田大理岩、铁矿区属岩溶承压水类型,矿坑涌水量预测通过放水试验及持续排水疏千方法,采用泰斯恢复法和比拟法进行论证。     

正循环机械回转钻孔灌注桩在卵石层中的应用

在粒径、密实度较大的卵石层采用正循环机械回转钻进行灌注桩施工,存在钻具类型、合理的泥浆比例和钻探工艺等问题。以西安绕城高速公路谢王立交桥桥桩基工程实践为例,探讨正循环机械回转钻孔灌注桩在卵石层施工工艺等问题。     

Characteristics and Hydrocarbon Potential of Mesozoic Strata in Eastern Pearl River Mouth Basin, Northern South China Sea

The well LF35-1-1 in the eastern Pearl River Mouth basin (PRMB) of the northern South China Sea revealed nnmetamorphosed Middle-Late Jurassic neritic-bathyal sediments and Cretaceous fluvial-lacustrine sediments.Three tectonic movements were identified in Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous,late Early Cretaceous,and Late Cretaceous to Paleocene,respectively.The Late Jurassic marine facies mainly contain the hydrocarbon source and reservoir-seal assemblages,providing a main exploration target.     

滕县煤田七五井田岩浆岩分布特征及对煤层煤质的影响

以七五井田为研究对象,通过对区内地质构造展布特征、岩浆岩分布特征进行分析研究,总结得出七五井田岩浆侵入规律,进一步弄清了岩浆侵入对煤层的破坏程度,并对岩浆岩对煤层煤质的影响程度进行了评价,为矿井生产过程中的开拓布置工作提供了依据。     

煤矿矿震定位中异向波速模型的构建与求解

针对煤矿上覆岩层层状赋存和离层带的特点,构建矿井尺度的微震监测系统异向波速模型,模型中波速向量由地面探头速度与井下探头速度组成.研究了在只有强矿震信号和混有爆破信号两种条件下,以到时残差最小为目标和震源定位误差最小为目标的两种求解模型,模型求解选用具有全局寻优特性的遗传算法与CMEAS算法结合的混合算法.现场实际应用得出,只使用爆破信号的到时残差法最优,混有强矿震信号的到时残差法其次;与爆破信号定位所用的统一简化波速模型相比,震源定位误差大幅度降低.在此基础上进一步减低定位误差,还需从微震台网的优化布设方面解决.     

天津断裂第四纪活动性研究

天津断裂分为天津南断裂和天津北断裂。根据人工地震探测结果,分别在天津静海县城西、西青区炒米店村、小南河村以及宁河县朱头淀村布设了4条钻孔剖面,对这2条断裂开展了钻孔勘探工作。经微体古生物鉴定,获得了各钻孔的海相层位置;经地层年代测试,确定了第1、第2和第3海相层的年代;通过以海相层为标志层的地层对比,并结合小南河村BZ1、TN3孔古地磁的测试结果,对这2条断裂的活动性进行了分析研究。结果表明,天津南断裂晚更新世以来未发现有过活动的迹象,其最新活动年代可能在中更新世。而天津北断裂也未发现晚更新世以来存在活动的迹象,该断裂在早更新世早期可能有过活动。由此可见,天津南断裂活动性可能要强于天津北断裂。同时发现,第2、第3、第4海相层在不同的地区存在不同程度的缺失现象。因此,在将其用于地层对比时,必须同时确定各海相层的地质年代,否则对比结果可能会出错。对于发生年代存在争议的第2海相层,认为其形成时间应在7万a左右。