中亚地区中、南天山造山带构造演化及成矿背景分析

横贯中亚地区的中、南天山造山带,在元古宙末罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解时,先后以中天山南缘断裂为主线分裂出被洋区围限的众多大小不一的地块群。斜贯全区的塔拉斯-费尔干纳断裂,在古生代演化过程中具有转换断层性质,明显控制了南天山东西两侧的构造演化及成矿过程的差异性发展。中天山微板块北缘发育寒武纪-奥陶纪古洋盆,其南缘西段由寒武纪到中泥盆世经历两次扩张,形成多岛洋的构造格局,其中志留纪洋区被动陆缘上的碳硅质砂页岩建造成为金矿床的最佳赋存层位;东段洋区从震旦纪开始扩张,直到晚泥盆世闭合,晚石炭世南天山东西两侧在造山构造极性上发生西段由南向北、而东段由北向南呈相反方向逆掩推覆的造山过程,同时伴有碰撞型花岗岩浆活动,形成了钨、锡、铌-钽、钼、铜、铅锌等多金属矿床。晚二叠世-三叠纪塔拉斯-费尔干纳断裂以右旋走滑运动为特征,伴随有后碰撞型花岗岩浆活动,从而为汞锑成矿带的生成奠定了基础。侏罗纪塔拉斯-费尔干纳断裂进入走滑拉分期。新生代印度板块向北推挤,致使南天山发生挤压缩短而强烈抬升隆起。     

Geological and environmental management of ceramic clay quarries: a review

This paper shows a contribution to the knowledge of the geological management of ceramic raw material. We have mainly focussed on the clays with a ceramic interest. The article begins with an introduction to the mineralogical determining factor of the ceramic sector. Then, it shows a development of the main steps that take place in the geological prospecting and it concludes with the criteria that must be followed when selecting the outcrops: geographical and environmental conditions, (1) legislation, (2) market and technology, (3) mineralogical and technological characterisation and (4) geological and mining characterisation.     

新疆乌什北山铝土矿成矿特征与找矿远景研究

铝土矿床（点）,位于南天山石炭纪被动大陆边缘,其中阿依里河是铝土矿成矿中心,区域上矿体沿地层走向在北东、南西地区均有稳定的延伸。以阿依里河铝土矿矿床为例,阐述了新疆乌什北山一带铝土矿成矿地质条件、含矿层位、矿床地质特征。工业铝土矿体主要产在中石炭统灰岩内的3个侵蚀面上,矿体以似层状、透镜状为主,其形态及规模受侵蚀面及古地形的控制。笔者分析了铝土矿矿床成因类型、矿石类型,总结了矿区的成矿规律和铝土矿找矿标志,乌什北山一带有形成大中型铝土矿成矿的地质条件,具有寻找大型铝土矿的找矿远景和潜力,认为滚滚铁列克至英阿特一带中石炭统分布的狭长地带是重要的找矿靶区。     

Accuracy of Laser Ablation U-Pb Zircon Dating: Results from a Test Using Five Different Reference Zircons

Using a state‐of‐the‐art 193 nm‐LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS system and with careful control of analytical procedures, the long term external reproducibility and accuracy of the ages Phanerozoic zircons measured over a period of months using calibrator bracketing for the ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U and ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages were ca. 1% (2 RSD) if a single reference zircon was used for the matrix‐matched calibration. When different reference zircons were used for the calibration, suspicious systematic shifts in the obtained ages were observed and thus a reduction in the overall accuracy of the dating method became obvious. Such shifts were within a few percent range of the U‐Pb and Pb/Pb ages and seemed to vary independently of zircon age and composition. A “test of accuracy” experiment was conducted reducing instrumental effects as far as possible by analysing five different reference zircons mounted on a single mount eight times during the same session. An identical protocol was used for all analyses, with unchanged instrument parameters and with ion beam intensities kept as identical as possible. For data reduction, every zircon served consecutively as the reference zircon for calibration, with the others in the batch treated as unknowns. The known reference age and the four calculated ages obtained using the four other RMs for calibration were then compared. Even using such a strict analytical protocol, shifts in ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U, ²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U and ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ratios were still present. They varied non‐systematically and ranged from ?4.35% to 3.08% for the investigated age range (1065 Ma to 226 Ma). Assuming the absence of instrumental effects (i.e., memory, dead‐time correction, non‐linearity of ion counters and interdetector calibration, crystallographic orientation, ablation cell geometry and setup, gas flows), the observed shifts were attributed to matrix and/or ablation related effects. It is proposed that non‐spectral matrix effects in the Ar plasma torch resulted in non‐uniform signal enhancement (or depression?) leading to shifts both in elemental and Pb isotopic ratios. Additionally, the ablated particle size distribution could be an important factor controlling plasma conditions and thus mass bias and fractionation. Until such effects are well understood and controlled, it would seem that any LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U‐Pb and ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age determination cannot be meaningfully interpreted at below a ca. 3% to 4% (2 RSD) confidence level.     

岩浆铜-镍-铂族元素硫化矿床“深部熔离-贯入”成矿作用与模式——加拿大伏伊希湾和中国金川矿床地质特征对比

通过对金川铜镍矿床地质、矿化特征与加拿大伏伊希湾（Voisey’s Bay）铜-镍-铂族元素硫化物矿床进行系统对比分析,总结出这2个世界级铜镍硫化物矿床形成演化方面的相似性、可比性及其共同特点,即深部岩浆房含矿岩浆沿通道脉动式上侵,到上部表现为“小岩体,成大矿”。成矿作用过程和模式表现为：①含矿岩浆的有序侵位显示岩浆在深部岩浆房停歇过程中曾发生熔离分异,形成岩浆、含矿岩浆、富矿岩浆和矿浆分层结构;②成矿作用是在富有动力的岩浆环境下岩浆不连续（脉动式）上侵过程中发生的,岩浆熔融体富含挥发组分,上侵活动剧烈,围岩角砾化;③含矿岩浆沿相同的通道或越位上侵,在先期侵入岩体下侧或上方不同空间成矿;④岩浆运移过程中与围岩发生相互作用、组分交换和成矿物质的富集。深入阐明了含矿岩浆不连续（脉动式）上侵、后续岩浆补给和混合是镁铁—超镁铁岩体中硫化物被聚集在岩浆流动的通道内形成超大型铜镍硫化物型铂族元素矿床的重要机制。     

一种特殊的玉器材料蛇纹石化纯橄榄岩

对一种特殊的玉器材料采用珠宝玉石常规鉴定、岩石薄片偏光显微镜鉴定、红外光谱分析和X射线粉晶衍射分析的研究,其玉石材料为蛇纹石化纯橄榄岩。提出了使用放大镜检查与红外光谱分析相结合的综合鉴定方法。     

滇东地区铂钯无模型定量成矿预测与评价

文章对滇东地区在分析、建立致矿地质异常概念模型的基础上,以东川-曲靖图幅为例,探讨了采用铂钯地球化学异常与各种成矿有利地质标志相结合计算成矿有利信息量和单元总信息量,进行无模型指导下的定量成矿预测和评价的方法,圈定、评价了铂钯找矿可行地段5处,找矿有利地段3处,认为有一定的找矿潜力,可供找矿解剖验证.同时指出了该方法普遍适用于其它矿种的预测、评价及其诸多优点.     

Fluid Geochemistry and Metallogenesis of the Hatu Gold Deposit in the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang

The Hatu large gold deposit is located on the western margin of the Junggar basin, Xinjiang. Its mineralization is characterized by auriferous quartz veins and Au-bearing altered fracturing zones. Studies on mineralogy, inclusions and decrepitation temperature indicate that the gold deposit was formed by overlapping of two kinds of fluid of different origins, instead of gradual evolution of a single fluid. The auriferous quartz veins are related to magmatism-originated fluid, but the Au-bearing altered fracturing zones to deep-derived fluid. Bonanzas in quartz veins were formed and localized at overlapping positions of two types of fluid under intensive compression.     

成矿年龄的测定方法及其新进展

成矿年代一直是矿床学研究的热点问题.矿床形成时代的确定对认识矿床成因、成矿事件与其他异常事件的耦合关系认识、以及对找矿勘探均具有重要的理论及实际意义.文章系统阐述了国内外有关矿床同位素定年方面的最新进展和古地磁法、地质体定年法的基本原理,并对常用同位素定年法的适用性和局限性进行了评述.     

胶西北金矿集区成矿作用发生的地质背景

通过矿集区赋存的地质背景 ,包括区域重大地质事件、壳幔结构、深断裂及浅层断裂系的导流性、区域流体活动、地层建造及岩浆侵入事件等研究 ,建立了矿集区形成与演化框架 ,并提出了形成的必备因素。成矿诸因素间彼此关联、耦合为大型矿集区的形成提供了必备而优越的条件。地质演化历史中构造体制转换事件是大规模成矿作用发生的基础 ,其引起的区域壳幔物质交换、岩浆活动等系列事件及耦合作用为区域成矿作用提供了充足成矿物质、良好导流网络、丰富成矿流体、持续成矿能量等必备条件 ,最终导致矿集区的形成。