Fitness-for-Purpose of Reference Material Reference Values in Relation to Traceability of Measurement, as Illustrated by USGS BCR-1, NIST SRM 610 and IAEA NBS28

As in all fields of sample analysis, reference materials play a large role in supporting measurements in the geosciences. While a rather large number of materials are in distribution (> 380), not all are equally effective or fit-for-purpose in supporting laboratory data quality and thereby assuring the desired comparability of measurements between laboratories. Equally important, reference values that are not fit-for-purpose cannot be used effectively to establish traceability links between laboratory measurements and national and international standards. The needed fitness-for-purpose is not achieved for reference values either when more than one reference value has been proposed and a consensus does not exist among users as to which should be used by all, or when reference value uncertainties are too large in comparison to those of routine laboratory measurements. The focus of this review will be, first to outline the current reality, and second to suggest ways in which certifications of RMs can be improved to provide reference values that are universally accepted and more fit-for-purpose in general laboratory use. The discussion will be illustrated largely by current uses of USGS BCR-1, NIST SRM 610 and IAEA NBS28, as these three materials are those for which the largest body of newly published data exists, according to recent bibliographies of the geoanalytical literature published annually in Geostandards Newsletter: The Journal of Geostandards and Geoanalysis.     

Preparation of a New Geological Survey of Japan Geochemical Reference Material: Coral JCp-1

A new geochemical reference material, coral Porites sp. JCp-1 has been prepared by the Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ). Provisional values for twenty one major, minor and trace elements are presented. The homogeneity tests showed that all elements studied are considered to be homogeneously distributed.     

试述福建顺昌南舟萤石矿地质特征

顺昌南舟萤石矿位于顺昌县埔上镇南舟村境内，1996年福建省区域地质调查队开展1：5万埔上幅区调时发现矿体，后开展普查工作表明该矿床规模大、交通方便，易于开采，现已投入开发利用。南舟萤石矿成矿地质特征在闽北丰富的萤石资源中具有一定代表性。     

某地平板玻璃原料用石英砂的提纯研究

某地石英矿砂通过磁选分离法、稀酸浸泡法处理后，矿砂不同程度地降低了铁、铝、钙镁的含量；采用磁选分离 稀酸浸泡法联合处理后，使该地石英砂的化学成分达到了优质的生产平板玻璃用硅质原料的国家标准。     

压电双晶片双向大幅振动的探讨

通过压电陶瓷的逆压电效应对压电陶瓷双晶片在自动生产送料线上的应用研究，得出在二元系Ph(Ni1／3Nb2／3)O3-PhTiO3-PhZrO3的基础上作调整制作的压电双晶片。经运用在振动料斗上，作调频调幅控制。达到了压电双晶片振子结构，振子谐振频率为300Hz，当外加电压达300V时，振子偏转位移量大于1．7mm，故可作为一种理想的振动源。     

夏塞地区银、锡多金属矿成矿规律新认识

夏塞地区是西南三江(金沙江、澜仓江、怒江)地区东缘的一个重要成矿带，带内银、锡矿产责源十分丰富。本文认为其成矿物质来源于花岗岩体和地层，构造和岩体是区内的主要控矿因素，地壳演化与成矿作用关系十分密切，矿床类型为分布于岩体内接触带的矽卡岩型矿床和分布于岩体外接触带的热液型矿床。     

兰坪白秧坪铜银多金属矿床成矿物质来源的铅和硫同位素示踪

白秧坪铜银多金属矿床主要产于白垩系下统景星组石英砂岩、粉砂岩中，矿石铅同位素组成特征与景星组砂岩的铅同位素组成比较接近，表明壳源物质参与了成矿作用。作ZartMan图解和△γ—△β图解表明，矿石铅属于壳幔混合来源。矿石铅μ值介于9．43—9．65之间，Th/U比值介于3．72—3．87之间，表明矿石铅为壳幔混合铅。该矿床硫同位素组成表明，硫来源于深部地幔硫遭受地壳硫的混入。该矿床的成矿作用发生于开放体系之中，成矿物质来源为深部幔源物质混合了壳源物质。     

豫西寨凹斑岩型铜矿地质特征及其成矿远景

据寨凹铜矿的大地构造背景、控矿构造、成矿母岩、成矿元素分带、蚀变等特征，该铜矿属斑岩型铜矿。寨凹地区地球物理、地球化学、遥感、成矿母岩和构造条件对成矿十分有利，有形成大中型斑岩型铜（银金）矿的资源潜力。     

地质基础理念之我见

任-侵位的岩浆体，在结晶分异、固化成岩过程中，一般都可分为：已结晶的固相岩体、正(半)结晶的可塑相岩体及未结晶的熔融相岩浆3部分．此时，若发生了地壳运动，地壳运动的构造作用力。使正(半)结晶的可塑相岩体发生可塑相变形，形成片麻化岩体；地壳运动(包括地震)时的构造作用力为脉动性质的挤压作用力；岩体发生片麻化的地壳运动，又使已结晶的固相岩体和围岩发生断裂活动，形成了断裂带控矿、容矿构造；未结晶的熔融相岩浆再度上升侵位，便形成了小侵入岩体控矿构造．残浆的形成与排出，控矿构造的发生、发展与控矿过程，都是在这次地壳运动过程中完成的．因此，对这次地壳运动可称成矿作用．     

添加剂对土体的加固作用及冻胀防治研究

将研制的高分子有机材料作为添加剂，加入到土体中，经过拌和夯实、干燥固结，能够起到稳定和提高土体的强度，并具有低渗透和低吸水等特性．冻胀试验表明：加入添加剂不仅能阻止土体冻胀的产生、外来水源的入侵及水分的迁移，还能隔断土体孔隙之间的联系，使水分在土体孔隙中不能运移，从而达到了防治冻胀的目的。