非线性铀成矿作用--以上第三系砂岩型铀矿为例

本以滇西上第三系陆相砂岩铀矿为例研究非线性铀成矿作用。与铀矿化有关的参数可分为矿化参量和控制参量,矿化参量以及矿化在控制参量中的分布均遵从对数正态分布,控制参量(温度、压力和地球化学条件)的耦合作用对铀矿化的概率和平均品位的控制作用是非线性的,铀矿化在控制参量构成的相空间中的变化轨迹是一复杂的超曲面。非线性铀成矿作用具分形特征。     

Improved Platinum-Group Element Extraction by NiS Fire Assay from Chromitite Ore Samples Using a Flux Containing Sodium Metaphosphate

Many chromite-rich rocks contain relatively high concentrations of the platinum-group elements (PGE). In many cases, the phases carrying PGE occur as either platinum-group minerals (PGM) or as base metal sulfides in solid solution in sulfides. In some cases, such as the UG-2 unit of the Bushveld Complex, the PGM are occluded inside chromite grains. Chromites are notably difficult to dissolve in most fluxes and if the chromite contains some PGM the possibility exists that not all the PGE will be recovered during fusion. In this work, shortcomings in published methods of analysis based on the nickel sulfide fire assay procedure were investigated and a new procedure developed based on the addition of sodium metaphosphate to the fusion mixture. Optimum composition of the fusion mixture was found to be 10 g sodium metaphosphate and 9 g silica to 10 g sample, 15 g sodium carbonate, 30 g lithium tetraborate, 7.5 g nickel and 4.5 g sulfur to achieve complete dissolution of chromite grains. The new flux mixture was evaluated by the analysis of reference material CHR-Pt+ (which is known to contain PGM inside chromite grains) and no undissolved chromite grains were found in the glassy slag. Analysis of the nickel sulfide beads from this fire assay using neutron activation analysis showed similar results for Rh and Ru when compared with published conventional true (or accepted) values, while Au, Ir, Os, Pd and Pt values determined here were 10 to 30% higher than the corresponding published conventional true values. It was concluded that the addition of sodium metaphosphate improved chromite dissolution in the flux and appears to improve PGE recovery.     

斑岩型钼矿床研究进展与问题

本文在简要介绍全球重要成矿带斑岩型钼矿床品位、储量、时空分布以及构造背景的基础上,着重归纳了斑岩型钼矿床中Mo在岩浆—热液演化过程中的地球化学行为特征以及Mo在成矿流体中的迁移与沉淀机制两个方面的研究进展。取得了以下认识:形成斑岩型钼矿床成矿岩浆氧逸度(f_(O2))变化范围较大,但一般大于铁橄榄石—磁铁矿—石英(FMQ)缓冲体系。斑岩钼矿床形成的主要受岩浆房的大小,大体积的岩浆流体能否高效聚集到浅部岩株或岩脉,岩浆中的挥发分(例如F)含量等因素的控制,但与成矿花岗岩和出溶流体中Mo的含量高低无直接关系。成矿流体的氧逸度与p H降低对辉钼矿沉淀具有关键作用。除此之外,温度与盐度降低对辉钼矿沉淀也有重要作用。流体的多阶段沸腾可能对提高Mo品位具有重要意义。此外,应加强岩浆结晶分异过程、岩浆热液转化过程Mo的地球化学行为研究。     

金川铜镍硫化物样品中锇同位素比值的高精度分析

采用两种独立的190Os稀释剂、4个不同的化学流程,用等离子体质谱仪、TRITON热表面电离质谱仪和MAT-262固体质谱仪3种质谱仪器,在4个实验室分别对采自金川铜镍硫化物样品的187Os/188Os同位素比值进行分析,样品分析数量达到56个。4个实验室获得的结果分别为0.3356±0.0018(n=12,2s)、0.3363±0.0008(n=6,2s)、0.3363±0.0010(n=18,2s)和0.3353±0.0034(n=20,2s)。采用ISOPLOT软件对所得56个数据进行加权平均计算,得到187Os/188Os同位素比值为0.33602±0.00022(置信度95%)。两台TRITON热表面电离质谱仪测量的结果几乎完全一致,且精度高于MAT-262固体质谱仪和等离子体质谱仪。比较了碱熔和Carius管两种溶样方法,结果表明,对于所研究的样品,用Carius管溶矿方式可以将含锇矿物完全溶解。     

西藏当雄地区拉屋矿床磁黄铁矿Re-Os同位素测年 和成矿物质来源示踪

拉屋矿床位于西藏自治区当雄县境内,大地构造位置处于冈底斯成矿区申扎-旁多铜、银、铅、锌、金成矿带,为大型矽卡岩型铜铅多金属矿床。在系统研究拉屋矿床地质地球化学特征的基础上,以矿石的磁黄铁矿为对象,测定Re-Os同位素年龄,获得等时线年龄数据为(309±31)Ma,187Os/188Os的初始值为0.51±0.12,γOs值为306.90~880.29,Re/Os为20.46~80.46。上述结果,结合矿区野外地质特征和稳定同位素特征,证明拉屋矿床主要形成于晚石炭世来故期,其成矿物质来源于地幔,并在喷流过程中与地壳海底卤水汇合,遭受了壳源物质的混染,形成喷流成因矽卡岩型矿床。     

Geology and Lead–Sulphur Isotope Compositions of the Tongyu Volcanic-Hosted Massive Sulphide Copper Deposit in the Western Part of the North Qinling Orogen, China

The Tongyu copper deposit, located in the western part of the North Qinling Orogen, China, is one of several volcanic-hosted massive sulphide(VHMS) deposits with industrial value and is also a typical example of mineralization related to the subduction and metallogenesis during the Caledonian orogeny. We conducted systematic lead-sulphur isotope geochemical analyses of the Tongyu deposit to understand the possible ore-forming material sources and tectonic settings. Twenty-six sulphide samples yielded clustered δ~(34)S_(CDT) values of 1.13‰-3.36‰, average 2.22‰, and show a tower-type distribution,implying that the sulphur of the Tongyu copper deposit mainly originated from a mantle source. The Pb isotope compositions of sulphides(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb = 17.59225-18.56354, average 18.32020; ~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb =15.51770-15.69381, average 15.66217; ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb= 37.99969-39.06953, average 38.52722) are close to the values of the volcanic host rocks(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb= 18.10678-18.26293, average 18.21158; ~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb =15.63196-15.68188, average 15.65345; ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb= 38.43676-38.56360, average 38.49171), thus consistent with the Pb in ores and volcanic host rocks having been derived from a common source that was island-arc Pb related to oceanic crust subduction. The northward subduction of the Palaeo-Qinling oceanic crust triggered dehydration of the slab, which generated a large amount of high-oxygen-fugacity aqueous hydrothermal fluid. The fluid rose into the mantle wedge, activated and extracted metallogenic material and promoted partial melting of the mantle wedge. The magma and ore-forming fluid welled up and precipitated, finally forming the Tongyu VHMS copper deposit.     

测定锰矿石中低含量钒的试验

化学分析工作要求测试快速、准确,低含量钒的测定因流程长,操作复杂,不易掌握,影响了推广使用。该试验采用分光光度法针对锰矿石中钒的测定进行了改进,取得了良好的效果。该法采用过氧化钠-碳酸钠熔融、水浸取,吸取清液依次加入硝酸、磷酸、钨酸钠溶液生成可溶性的黄色磷钨钒酸络合物,测量其吸光度,大大提高了分析效率。     

当前固体矿产勘查评价中几个问题的探讨

建议:一、将资源/储量核实报告中消耗的资源量不赋予资源/储量类别,用消耗二字拼音的首字母"XH"来代替;但应说明消耗的是原"报告"中什么类别的资源/储量及本次工作各类资源/储量的变化情况。二、地质报告中"矿体"的划分应根据成矿时有用矿物聚积体的赋存状态来划分,而不是以现在的存在方式来划分;三、勘查线剖面的终点应标注在倾斜方向或按左东右西的原则标注在方位角小的端点处,方位为正北时取360°。     

四川拉拉铁氧化物铜金矿床（IOCG）形成的矿相学证据

四川拉拉铜矿是我国西南重要的大型铜矿,并且共（伴）生丰富的金—钼—钴—稀土—铁可供综合利用。系统的矿相学研究表明,矿石矿物主要为热液磁铁矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿、白铁矿和辉钼矿;矿床围岩蚀变种类较多,主要有黑云母化、硅化、碳酸盐化、钠长石化、钾长石化、磷灰石化、阳起石化、萤石化等;矿石结构包括自形- 半自形- 它形晶粒结构、交代残余结构、包含结构和枝状结构,矿石构造包括浸染状构造、条带状构造、脉状- 网脉状构造和角砾状构造;载铜矿物主要为黄铜矿,钴主要赋存于黄铁矿和白铁矿中,钼赋存于辉钼矿中,金主要以自然金或含银自然金形式赋存于黄铜矿、黄铁矿和叶碲铋矿中;磁铁矿中钛含量低,矿石中硫含量低,罕见铅锌硫化物矿物。因此,拉拉铜矿应属于典型的铁氧化物铜金矿床。     

塔里木盆地西部古岩盐地质地球化学特征与成钾条件分析

塔里木盆地是我国重要的成盐盆地,为我国最有远景的找古钾矿地区之一。本文通过多年野外实地调查和大量岩盐样品的化学分析,特别是岩盐中可以指示沉积阶段的Br×103/Cl系数等区域分布特征,联系前人研究资料,分别从构造环境、地层和岩相古地理、地球化学特征等方面进行了成钾条件分析。结果表明,莎车盆地西部喀什坳陷和库车盆地中部拜城坳陷宏观地质特征均有利于钾盐沉积;岩盐地球化学组成相对于正常海相沉积表现出明显的贫Br特征,属海陆交互相或海源陆相沉积。相比之下,莎车盆地的喀什次级坳陷是目前最有前景的找钾远景区。