Slope stability analysis using evolutionary optimization techniques

Slope stability optimization, in the presence of a band of a weak layer between two strong layers, is accounted for in complicated geotechnical problems. Classical optimization algorithms are not suitable for solving such problems as they need a proper preliminary solution to converge to a valid result. Therefore, it is necessary to find a proper algorithm which is capable of finding the best global solution. Recently a lot of metaheuristic algorithms have been proposed which are able to evade local minima effectively. In this study four evolutionary algorithms, including well‐known and recent ones, such as genetic algorithm, differential evolution, evolutionary strategy and biogeography‐based optimization (BBO), are applied in slope stability analysis and their efficiencies are explored by three benchmark case studies. Result show BBO is the most efficient among these evolutionary algorithms and other proposed algorithms applied to this problem. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of bed surface roughness on longitudinal dispersion in artificial open channels

In several empirical and modelling studies on river hydraulics, dispersion was negatively correlated to surface roughness. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the influence of surface roughness on longitudinal dispersion under controlled conditions. In artificial flow channels with a length of 104 m, tracer experiments with variations in channel bed material were performed. By use of measured tracer breakthrough curves, average flow velocity, mean longitudinal dispersion, and mean longitudinal dispersivity were calculated. Longitudinal dispersion coefficients ranged from 0·018 m² s^?1 in channels with smooth bed surface up to 0·209 m² s^?1 in channels with coarse gravel as bed material. Longitudinal dispersion was linearly related to mean flow velocity. Accordingly, longitudinal dispersivities ranged between 0·152 ± 0·017 m in channels with smooth bed surface and 0·584 ± 0·015 m in identical channels with a coarse gravel substrate. Grain size and surface roughness of the channel bed were found to correlate positively to longitudinal dispersion. This finding contradicts several existing relations between surface roughness and dispersion. Future studies should include further variation in surface roughness to derive a better‐founded empirical equation forecasting longitudinal dispersion from surface roughness. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

分数阶混合随机泛函微分方程的能控性

主要研究了分数阶混合随机泛函微分方程的能控性.在无限维空间下,假设所考虑方程线性部分生成半群不是紧的,使用非紧性测度技术和Mönch不动点定理,给出了方程能控性充分条件,并通过一个例子说明了结论的有效性.     

城区地表形变差分TomoSAR监测方法

压缩感知技术(CS)的差分TomoSAR技术解决了中高分辨率SAR数据在城区出现的叠掩问题,实现了城区地表形变信息的重构,但是该方法仅利用了目标的稀疏特性并没有考虑目标的结构特性,对具有这两种特性的目标进行重构时其性能较差。针对这一问题,本文采用联合Khatri-Rao子空间和块压缩感知(KRS-BCS),提出了一种差分SAR层析成像方法。该方法依据目标的结构特性和重构观测矩阵具有的Khatri-Rao积性质,将稀疏结构目标的差分TomoSAR问题转化为Khatri-Rao子空间下的BCS问题,然后对目标进行块稀疏的l1/l2范数最优化求解,最后通过理论分析和仿真试验对分辨能力和重构估计性能进行了定性和定量评价,仿真结果表明本文所采用的KRS-BCS方法不仅保持了高分辨率的优点,而且有效地降低了虚假目标出现的概率,大幅度提高了散射点准确重构概率,切实可行地解决了CS方法的不足。应用实例研究中,利用34景Envisat卫星ASAR时间序列影像对日本千叶县茂原市城区进行地表形变监测,并以一等水准点和实时测量的GPS站点观测数据作为参考形变结果进行验证,试验结果表明采用KRS-BCS方法反演的结果与参考形变结果保持了良好的一致性且形变速率整体偏差也较小,实现了较高精度的城区地表形变估计。     

基于非均质地层参数表征的颗粒流模型构建

非均质地层参数的获取与表征方法是浅层地质体改造的重要依据。基于非均质地层的地质建模,表征具有随机不确定性和模糊不确定性的土体表观参数和物理力学参数。利用 Weibull 分布统计描述局部地层信息,并应用Diamond-Square分形插值方法,结合差分盒子维计算非均质地层分形维数,进一步合理演算整体地层参数。采用PFC3D数值模拟软件,结合马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛方法采样数据,对非均质地层块石颗粒及土颗粒进行建模。通过非均质地层模拟结果,发现其破坏过程与应力应变曲线要比均质土体复杂得多,由于块石大颗粒的含量、分布特性对土样力学性质影响显著。本文建模方法有助于非均质地层参数表征研究。     

CINRAD-SA双偏振雷达资料在降水估测中的应用初探

对基于水平反射率ZH和差分传播相移率K_(DP)的降水估测综合法R(C)进行了改进,并对广州S波段双偏振雷达2016年2次飑线和2次台风降水过程的Φ_(DP)使用小波分析进行滤波处理,在此基础上使用变距最小二乘法拟合得到K_(DP)的值。分别使用R(C)和R(Z_H)法对2次飑线和2次台风降水过程进行降水估算,将估算结果和雨量计小时雨量进行了对比,并将两种方法的评估结果进行了对比。结果表明:(1)对于飑线类型降水,R(C)法对5 mm·h~(-1)以上的降水估测精度要好于R(Z_H)法,且降水率越大,R(C)法优势越明显,当降水率≥20 mm·h~(-1)时,两次过程R(C)法比R(Z_H)法的平均相对误差(RE)降低了17. 2%,平均绝对误差(AE)减少了1.89 mm,平均均方根误差(RMSE)减少了1.66 mm;(2)对于台风类型降水,R(C)法对5 mm·h~(-1)以上的降水估测精度也好于R(Z_H)法,当降水率≥20 mm·h~(-1)时,两次过程R(C)法比R(Z_H)法的平均RE降低了33. 19%,平均AE减少了3. 95 mm,平均RMSE减少了4.05 mm;(3)对于飑线和台风两种类型降水R(C)法都明显改善了降水率较大时的R(Z_H)法低估问题,但R(C)法在降水率10 mm·h~(-1)时也存在低估,可能是由雨滴谱资料观测误差导致拟合的系数偏小或雷达硬件造成的观测偏差等造成的。     

THE SETTLEMENT OF A RIGID CIRCULAR FOUNDATION RESTING ON A HALF-SPACE EXHIBITING A NEAR SURFACE ELASTIC NON-HOMOGENEITY

The present paper examines the elastostatic problem pertaining to the axisymmetric loading of a rigid circular foundation resting on the surface of a non-homogeneous elastic half-space. The non-homogeneity corresponds to a depth variation in the linear elastic shear modulus according to the exponential form G(z)=G₁+G₂e^-ζz. The equations of elasticity governing this type of non-homogeneity are solved by employing a Hankel transform technique. The mixed boundary value problem associated with the indentation of the half-space by the rigid circular foundation is reduced to a Fredholm integral equation which is solved via a numerical technique. The numerical results presented in the paper illustrate the influence of the near-surface elastic non-homogeneity on the settlement of the foundation.     

激光实时干涉计量技术和雷达差分干涉技术测量形变的对比研究及其意义

分别叙述了激光干涉技术和雷达差分干涉技术的原理及应用. 采用激光实时干涉计量技术实验室观测试样在加压过程中的形变,研究不同破裂孕育区所表现的不同应变异常场特征. 采用雷达差分干涉技术可以测量地形及地表形变,并且有西藏玛尼、张北——尚义等地震前后的形变测量结果. 指出激光实时干涉计量技术与雷达差分干涉技术相似,都是以条纹变化图研究形变异常场特征. 因此, 对雷达差分干涉技术测量的孕震过程中的形变场,特别是临近大震发生前的形变场特征进行观测和以激光干涉技术进行实验及对比研究均将很有意义.      

基于GPU加速的Boussinesq类波浪传播变形数值模型

Boussinesq波浪模型是一类相位解析模型,在时域内求解需要较高的空间和时间分辨率以保证计算精度。为提高计算效率,有必要针对该类模型开展并行算法的研究。与传统的中央处理器(CPU)相比,图形处理器(GPU)有大量的运算器,可显著提高计算效率。基于统一计算设备架构CUDA C语言和图形处理器,实现了Boussinesq模型的并行运算。将本模型的计算结果同CPU数值模拟结果和解析解相比较,发现得到的结果基本一致。同时也比较了CPU端与GPU端的计算效率,结果表明,GPU数值模型的计算效率有明显提升,并且伴随数值网格的增多,提升效果更为明显。     

月球交会对接VLBI差分时延研究

中国探月3期任务中,月球交会对接技术是任务成功的重要保障.利用嫦娥3号(CE03)绕月飞行的VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry)时延数据,模拟仿真绕月交会对接过程中,同波束VLBI观测模式下,差分群时延的变化情况.仿真结果显示,在远程导引段,轨道器和上升组合体轨道距离保持100 km,持续半小时,差分群时延很好地反映了两者的轨道信息,可以用于定轨定位;自主控制段,上升组合体靠近轨道器,在轨道距离从5 km减小到20 m过程中,上升组合体加速追赶轨道器时,差分群时延快速趋近于0,上升组合体减速远离轨道器时,差分群时延绝对值快速变大.最后,利用嫦娥3号奔月段同时发射两个DOR (Differential One-Ranging)信号的VLBI时延数据,计算差分相时延,初步展示了月球交会对接过程中同波束VLBI差分相时延的误差情况.