Characteristics and Dolomitization of Upper Cambrian to Lower Ordovician Dolomite from Outcrop in Keping Uplift, Western Tarim Basin, Northwest China

Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician sedimentary rocks in the western Tarim Basin, Northwest China, are composed of shallow-marine platform carbonates. The Keping Uplift is located in the northwest region of this basin. On the basis of petrographic and geochemical features, four matrix replacement dolomites and one type of cement dolomite are identified. Matrix replacement dolomites include (1) micritic dolomites (MD1); (2) fine–coarse euhedral floating dolomites (MD2); (3) fine–coarse euhedral dolomites (MD3); and (4) medium–very coarse anhedral mosaic dolomites (MD4). Dolomite cement occurs in minor amounts as coarse saddle dolomite cement (CD1) that mostly fills vugs and fractures in the matrix dolomites. These matrix dolomites have δ18O values of ?9.7‰ to ?3.0‰ VPDB (Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite); δ13C values of ?0.8‰ to 3.5‰ VPDB; 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.708516 to 0.709643; Sr concentrations of 50 to 257 ppm; Fe contents of 425 to 16878 ppm; and Mn contents of 28 to 144 ppm. Petrographic and geochemical data suggest that the matrix replacement dolomites were likely formed by normal and evaporative seawater in early stages prior to chemical compaction at shallow burial depths. Compared with matrix dolomites, dolomite cement yields lower δ18O values (?12.9‰ to ?9.1‰ VPDB); slightly lower δ13C values (?1.6‰–0.6‰ VPDB); higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.709165–0.709764); and high homogenization temperature (Th) values (98°C–225°C) and salinities (6 wt%–24 wt% NaCl equivalent). Limited data from dolomite cement shows a low Sr concentration (58.6 ppm) and high Fe and Mn contents (1233 and 1250 ppm, respectively). These data imply that the dolomite cement precipitated from higher temperature hydrothermal salinity fluids. These fluids could be related to widespread igneous activities in the Tarim Basin occurring during Permian time when the host dolostones were deeply buried. Faults likely acted as important conduits that channeled dolomitizing fluids from the underlying strata into the basal carbonates, leading to intense dolomitization. Therefore, dolomitization, in the Keping Uplift area is likely related to evaporated seawater via seepage reflux in addition to burial processes and hydrothermal fluids.     

碳酸盐岩出露区地震资料采集激发方式探讨

南方海相勘探区地表普遍存在着碳酸盐岩裸露区的问题,而碳酸盐岩自身的物性条件严格限制了激发有效能量的产生、传播和接收,致使碳酸盐岩裸露区的地震资料品质大都很差。虽然影响碳酸盐岩出露区地震资料品质的因素很多,但激发能量的下传问题应该是碳酸盐岩出露区资料采集需要首先解决的问题。在研究碳酸盐岩激发原理的基础上,在地表条件允许的情况下优选可控震源激发及多井组合激发,可获取较高信噪比资料,这些采集方法均在南方碳酸盐岩裸露区的地震采集中取得了较好的效果。     

地震储层预测方法研究进展

本文重点介绍地震储层预测方法中的油气预测，岩性预测，储层厚度预测及孔隙度预测等内容，简述提高地震储层预测精度的途径之一－特征优化方法，并指出了今后地震储层预测方法研究的方向。     

上海城市水网地区电火花震源地震探测隐伏断裂的应用探索

人工地震勘探是目前公认最为有效的城市地区隐伏断裂探测手段之一,但其受限于激发震源和城市高干扰环境背景,在高度城市化区域往往难以获取良好的地震勘探资料。文章通过利用上海市城市水网发育的优势,在大治河水域开展大功率电火花震源激发方式的地震探测,对电火花震源激发能量、放电水深、不同震源的地震成像效果等对比试验,获得了上海地区内河水域（大治河东段）最佳地震勘探激发参数,确认了在城市水网开展电火花震源激发地震勘探方式的有效性。与其他常规激发方式相比,电火花激发地震勘探资料具有较高的信噪比,并且可以达到较深的勘探深度,对城市地区隐伏断裂探测具有良好效果。      

水库防洪等蓄量优化调度模型及应用

等蓄量法是中国水库防洪规划与实时调度中常用的调度方式,其3个参数（等蓄流量、起蓄流量和等蓄历时）一直采用试算方法推求。以等蓄流量为输入参数,引入蓄放水0~1状态变量,定义了逐时段水库蓄水量之和最小的线性目标函数,并设置蓄水状态连续性约束解决等蓄历时的推求,建立了水库防洪等蓄量优化调度的0~1整数线性规划模型（RFEV-ILP）。通过亭子口水库应用表明,该模型算法稳定,与理想补偿调度方式计算的防洪库容相差不足1%。该优化模型不仅可以推求防洪库容、起蓄流量及等蓄历时与等蓄流量之间的数值关系,而且能较好地揭示防洪风险与等蓄流量之间的关系、防洪控制点距离水库的远近对等蓄流量可选范围及相应采取防洪策略的影响。     

蒸馏法富集纯化Os实验条件研究及其在负离子热电离质谱测量中的应用

微蒸馏是富集纯化Os的一项重要化学前处理技术,提高Os回收率对提高Os的负离子热电离质谱(NTIMS)测量精度尤为重要。在微蒸馏过程中,蒸馏温度、吸收液体积、蒸馏时间等对Os回收率具有重要影响,但目前微蒸馏的实验条件不够明确,导致Os回收率不稳定,影响NTIMS测量精度,易增加所得Re-Os年龄误差。本文以自制的含Os溶液为对象,以ICP-MS为测量手段,对微蒸馏过程中多种实验条件对Os回收率的影响进行深入研究,以期获得最佳微蒸馏实验条件,满足后续NTIMS对Os信号强度的测量要求。结果表明:在溶液蒸干温度为120℃并保持15 min,微蒸馏温度为80℃,氢溴酸吸收液体积为15μL,微蒸馏时间为2 h的条件下,获得Os回收率为80%~90%,能够满足多种地质样品尤其是中酸性岩浆岩、热液硫化物等pg级地质样品的NTIMS测量要求,在保证Os信号强度的情况下提高了分析效率。     

弹性波逆时偏移中的稳定激发振幅成像条件

本文针对弹性波逆时偏移,提出稳定的激发振幅成像条件.在震源波场的正向传播过程中,计算每个网格点的能量,并保存最大能量密度的时刻和相应的波场值;在检波器波场的逆时传播过程中,在每个网格点提取最大能量密度时刻的检波器波场值,并利用保存的最大能量震源波场做归一化,获得角度依赖的反射系数成像剖面.相比于归一化互相关成像条件,该成像条件在震源波场的正向传播过程中无需存储波场快照,节省大量磁盘空间和I/O吞吐任务,提高了计算效率;相比于弹性波的激发时间成像条件,该成像条件自动校正了水平分量在震源两侧的极性反转,在多炮叠加时避免振幅损失.数值试验表明,与归一化成像条件相比,稳定激发振幅成像条件具有更小的计算量,偏移剖面的低频假象更弱,水平分量的成像能力更优,具有更高的空间分辨率.     

Dynamics of inelastic base‐isolated structures subjected to analytical pulse ground motions

Structural design code provisions worldwide prescribe relatively small seismic force reduction factors for seismically base‐isolated structures, making their response to design‐level earthquake excitation essentially elastic. This paper uses the method of dimensional analysis to prove that; in most cases, this is not a conservative design approach but a necessity that emerges from the dynamics of base‐isolated structures. It is shown that allowing typical base‐isolated structures to yield results in large displacement ductility demands for the structure. This phenomenon is caused by the change in the nature of the ground motion excitation as it is transmitted to the structure through the seismic base isolation system as well as by the change in the distribution of displacements between the structure and the isolation bearings caused by yielding of the isolated structure. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

几项地震处理技术的保幅性分析

地震资料处理技术和流程多以构造成像为重点,而忽略了处理方法及参数变化对地震波振幅的改造,影响了处理结果的保幅性。基于模型数据和实际资料,对面波压制、几何扩散补偿、预测反褶积等几项关键处理技术的保幅性进行了分析,提出了提高保幅性的处理思路和流程。处理结果表明,采用合理的方法和流程,使面波压制、几何扩散补偿等处理环节的相对保幅性得到了明显提高。     

塔里木盆地巴楚-麦盖提地区志留-泥盆系油气成藏规律

塔里木盆地巴楚-麦盖提地区以寒武-奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩为烃源岩,志留-泥盆系三角洲-- 滨岸砂岩为储层,潮坪环境形成的致密泥岩为盖层,形成了断裂型生储盖组合,具有较好的油气勘探前景。通过对研究区志留-泥盆系沉积相带展布、断层发育特征以及古隆起和古斜坡的综合研究,结合烃源岩排烃及已发现油气特征,认为巴楚-麦盖提地区志留-泥盆系油气成藏规律主要受沉积和构造的共同控制,在二叠纪末,寒武-奥陶系烃源岩排烃期已经形成的单斜构造或斜坡带,被长期活动断层沟通了寒武-奥陶系烃源岩的志留-泥盆系储层分布区易于形成油气藏。区内有利油气成藏区带主要为康2--方1 井之间的断裂带与玉1--BK8--巴5 井之间的斜坡带,可能发育的油气藏类型为岩性油气藏和构造--岩性复合油气藏。