Monitoring Large-Scale Tests for Nuclear Waste Disposal

Two large-scale “in situ” demonstration experiments and their instrumentation are described. The first test (FEBEX Experiment) involves the hydration of a compacted bentonite barrier under the combined effect of an inner source of heat and an outer water flow from the confining saturated granite rock. In the second case, the progressive de-saturation of Opalinus clay induced by maintained ventilation of an unlined tunnel is analyzed. The paper shows the performance of different sensors (capacitive cells, psychrometers, TDR’s) and a comparison of fill behaviour with modelling results. The long term performance of some instruments could also be evaluated specially in the case of FEBEX test. Capacitive sensors provide relative humidity data during long transient periods characterised by very large variations of suction within the bentonite.     

Field Measurement of Suction, Water Content, and Water Permeability

This paper presents a review of techniques for field measurement of suction, water content, and water hydraulic conductivity (permeability). Main problems in the use of field tensiometers are addressed and hints on how to improve tensiometer performance are given. Advantages and limitations of instruments for indirect measurement of suction including electrical conductivity sensors, thermal conductivity sensors, dielectric permittivity sensors, filter paper, and psychrometer are discussed. Techniques for water content measurement based on dielectric methods are then presented. These include time and amplitude domain reflectometry and capacitance. Finally, a brief overview of methods for measurement of water permeability in the field is presented.     

一种新型测向传感器——磁通门罗盘

本文对磁通门罗盘的基本工作原理、实验线路以及主要技术指标和一些测量数据作简要介绍,最后对仪器的误差进行简单分析并提出一些减小误差的改进措施。     

气溶胶的光学厚度与反射率比的处理方法

气溶胶光学厚度与气溶胶反射率比都是大气校正所需的重要大气参数，同时也是海洋水色卫星主要的数据产品，它们的测量精度将直接到卫星数据产品正演的精度和卫星数据产品的应用。文章在简述气溶胶光学厚度与气溶胶反射率比的基本测量原理和处理方法的基础上，结合多次试验数据结果进行简要的评价。     

装载GPCTD传感器的海翼水下滑翔机观测数据实时质量控制

Profiles observed by Sea-Wing underwater gliders are widely applied in scientific research. However, the quality control(QC) of these data has received little attention. The mismatch between the temperature probe and conductivity cell response times generates erroneous salinities, especially across a strong thermocline. A sensor drift may occur owing to biofouling and biocide leakage into the conductivity cell when a glider has operated for several months. It is therefore critical to design a mature real-time QC procedure and develop a toolbox for the QC of Sea-Wing glider data. On the basis of temperature and salinity profiles observed by several Sea-Wing gliders each installed with a Sea-Bird Glider Payload CTD sensor, a real-time QC method including a thermal lag correction, Argo-equivalent real-time QC tests, and a simple post-processing procedure is proposed. The method can also be adopted for Petrel gliders.     

Application of Microbial BOD Sensors in Marine Monitoring

A strain of yeast, which can endure high osmotic pressure, is employed for the sensitive material of the microbial BOD sensor. Two immobilization methods are used, I.e. Calcium alginate gel be ads and PV A gel beads. The results show that the PVA gel beads is better. The influences of osmosis and heavy metal ions on the yeast entrapped in the PVA gel beads are also studied in the experiment.     

SAS测量水体表观光学参数的方法

SeaWiFS航空模拟器（SAS）是专门为在水面之上测量水体表观光学参数的现场设备。文章在介绍SAS现场测量以及数据处理基本方法的基础上，分析了2002年黄海试验SAS的应用效果，并与剖面法测量数据进行了比对。     

船舶机舱自动集中监测报警系统结构与功能分析

船舶机舱集中监测与报警系统目前已在船舶设计制造中得以广泛应用。对其组成、工作流程及功能进行了较为系统的阐述 ,为船舶使用者提供借鉴     

Long-term Sensor Drift Found in Recovered Argo Profiling Floats

We recovered three Argo profiling floats after 2 to 2.5 years of operation, and recalibrated their temperature, conductivity, and pressure sensors. The results demonstrate that these floats exhibited a significant drift in salinity of −0.0074 to −0.0125, primarily due to the conductivity sensor drift. Combined with the recalibration result for another previously recovered float, the indication is that the negative salinity drift increases nearly in proportion to the operating period of floats. The increasing rate is −0.0041 (±0.0015) year⁻¹, which yields a salinity drift of −0.016 (±0.006) for the expected float lifetime of four years. The present result suggests that reducing the float surfacing time would improve the accuracy of the salinity measurements.     

高精度CTD剖面仪电导率传感器的研究和实验

高精度CTD剖面仪是海洋863项目的重要组成部分，是海洋调查和水文观测必不可少的仪器，本文详细论述了CTD剖面仪中电导率传感器的研制方法和过程，并给出传感器现已达到的水平，提出还需要进一步进行的工作和深入研究的问题。