A novel mathematical morphology based algorithm for shoreline extraction from satellite images

Abstract

Shoreline extraction is fundamental and inevitable for several studies. Ascertaining the precise spatial location of the shoreline is crucial. Recently, the need for using remote sensing data to accomplish the complex task of automatic extraction of features, such as shoreline, has considerably increased. Automated feature extraction can drastically minimize the time and cost of data acquisition and database updating. Effective and fast approaches are essential to monitor coastline retreat and update shoreline maps. Here, we present a flexible mathematical morphology-driven approach for shoreline extraction algorithm from satellite imageries. The salient features of this work are the preservation of actual size and shape of the shorelines, run-time structuring element definition, semi-automation, faster processing, and single band adaptability. The proposed approach is tested with various sensor-driven images with low to high resolutions. Accuracy of the developed methodology has been assessed with manually prepared ground truths of the study area and compared with an existing shoreline classification approach. The proposed approach is found successful in shoreline extraction from the wide variety of satellite images based on the results drawn from visual and quantitative assessments.     

Evolution and implementation of the Digital Earth vision,technology and society

Abstract

Digital Earth's framework can be traced to evolutionary threads with historic foundations that fostered the fertile conceptual and technological incubation. These threads incorporate writings, such as those of the visionary engineering-genius, Buckminster Fuller, in conjunction with an array of space age developments in computers, internet and communications, satellites, and education. In 1998, when Vice President Al Gore articulated the Digital Earth Vision, he portrayed the vision based upon myriad technology factors for the intellectual foundation and sparked a worldwide phenomenon that fortuitously included the Chinese leadership's recognition and acceptance. The Beijing Declaration is recognised for its role promulgating the International Digital Earth Symposium series to promote better understanding of the impacts of Digital Earth technology and applications on behalf of all humankind. Combinations of industrial, academic, and government organisations have advanced the technological components necessary for implementing the Digital Earth Vision at a prodigious rate. Commercial leaders, such as Google, have accelerated the influence of large segments of society towards components of the Digital Earth Vision. However, challenges still remain regarding requisite collaboration on international standards for metadata, interoperability, and data formats for space and time that will affect Digital Earth implementation scenarios. Functional requirements for the model Digital Earth geobrowser remain to be fully articulated. The current paper presents an overview of the historical components, the key players on the international scene, the catalytic technological advances, and the societal response to the growth of the Digital Earth community.     

从卫星图像上认识西藏易贡滑坡

2000-04-09中国西藏波密县扎木弄沟发生了巨型山体崩滑事件,堵江截流形成堰塞湖,最终堰塞湖溃决对下游区域造成了严重的破坏。为分析易贡滑坡发生前后地表长时间演化特征,通过长时序光学遥感影像对易贡滑坡灾前灾后特征进行了解译。结果表明,易贡滑坡灾前沟头危岩体发育,沟内大量碎屑物质堆积,并且滑坡物源区在灾害发生前几个月已存在局部崩塌,处于不稳定状态。进一步使用合成孔径干涉测量（interferometric synthetic aperture radar,InSAR）技术监测了易贡滑坡区域2015—2019年地表形变,结果表明扎木弄沟整体处于稳定状态,但在局部区域探测到6个不稳定形变体,其中位于易贡滑坡滑源区的形变体规模与形变最大,风险较高,建议持续开展监测。     

多种遥感数据的综合编图研究

分析了多光谱、卫星测高和成像雷达3种数据的几何定位精度、水深反演有效范围和灵敏度等特性,利用TM、SPOT和SAR数据,研究其水深反演精度和同一性,由此确定了水深综合编图的原则。采用加权平均的数据融合技术,探讨了编制理想综合图件的方法。     

一种高分辨率遥感影像处理方法及其在电力工程中的应用

随着地球空间信息科学技术的飞速发展,高分辨率卫星遥感技术逐渐成为主流的对地观测手段之一。其生产的高分辨率遥感影像具有数据获取迅速、成本低、不受地域限制等诸多优点,广泛应用于国土、石油、电力、林业等行业部门。但由于其出现年代较新、数据量庞大、分辨率高,高分辨率遥感影像的数据处理与应用尚无完整的理论和方案指导,导致其在电力等行业的应用长期处于探索阶段。本文针对高分辨率遥感影像的关键处理难点,结合电力工程实际需求,提出了一整套数据处理及应用方案,为高分辨率遥感影像数据处理及其电力工程应用提供了技术支持和实践经验。     

Groundwater targeting in a hard-rock terrain using fracture-pattern modeling, Niva River basin, Andhra Pradesh, India

In hard-rock terrain, due to the lack of primary porosity in the bedrock, joints, fault zones, and weathered zones are the sources for groundwater occurrence and movement. To study the groundwater potential in the hard-rock terrain and drought-prone area in the Niva River basin, southern Andhra Pradesh state, India, Landsat 5 photographic data were used to prepare an integrated hydrogeomorphology map. Larsson's integrated deformation model was applied to identify the various fracture systems, to pinpoint those younger tensile fracture sets that are the main groundwater reservoirs, and to understand the importance of fracture density in groundwater prospecting. N35°–55°E fractures were identified as tensile and N35°–55°W fractures as both tensile and shear in the study area. Apparently, these fractures are the youngest open fractures. Wherever N35°–55°E and N35°–55°W fracture densities are high, weathered-zone thickness is greater, water-table fluctuations are small, and well yields are high. Groundwater-potential zones were delineated and classified as very good, good to very good, moderate to good, and poor. Electronic Publication     

遥感技术在化工环境保护中的应用

遥感技术获取的可见光、红外及微波信息，可以对化工企业及化学矿山环境污染（水、粉尘、大气、废渣污染等）及环境地质灾害（滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷等）进行实时动态监测，并可获得较高的社会经济效益，达到地面环保及常规环境地质工作难以达到的效果。特别是对重点大中型化工企业及化学矿山建立环境遥感信息动态监测系统，可以为国家决策部门及时准确地提供环境治理和改造的依据。     

石窟寺文物的数字化保护与利用

随着信息技术的飞速发展,石窟寺文物的数字化保护与利用引起了国内外的广泛关注.文章从石窟寺文物数字化采集、保护和利用等方面进行系统梳理,重点分析石窟寺文物数字化保护中三维信息获取、三维重建评价以及三维打印等相关前沿信息技术的应用现状.并针对石窟寺文物数字化保护和利用工程实践中的难点,给出采用激光脉冲三维采集细部结合多视图...     

2010-2011年鞍山市能见度特征

利用2010年6月至2011年5月鞍山大气成分观测站的能见度资料,统计分析能见度与PM₁₀、PM_2.5、PM_1.0质量浓度、风速、降水强度和气溶胶光学厚度等气象要素的相关性。结果表明：鞍山市能见度月均值从8月份开始呈上升趋势,11月份达到峰值后开始显著下降,2月份达到最低值,自3月开始又出现较大幅度增长,进入夏季后略有下降;PM_2.5/PM₁₀、PM_1.0/PM₁₀比值与能见度呈反相关,能见度增大,PM_2.5/PM₁₀、PM_1.0/PM₁₀比值减小,且PM_1.0/PM₁₀的减小趋势更大,说明影响能见度的颗粒物以细粒子为主。平均风速与能见度变化趋势基本一致,与PM_2.5/PM₁₀、PM_1.0/PM₁₀的变化趋势呈反相关。随着雨强的增大,降水日能见度平均值随之减小,降水前一日和后一日的能见度平均值均大于降水日,且降水前一日及后一日的能见度改变量及改变率的绝对值随着降水强度的增加而增加。波长指数的变化说明影响鞍山能见度变化的污染物粒子整体较稳定,能见度与AOD成明显的反相关。     

灌溉实时调度研究进展

灌溉实时调度是农业水管理走向智能化、自动化和现代化的重要标志,综合应用地理信息系统、卫星遥感技术、全球定位系统、计算机、人工智能、信息技术,以及农业灌溉、气象学、系统工程等多学科的最新成果,提高调度的灵活性、可靠性、实用性,是灌溉实时调度今后的发展趋势。同时,也面临着基础设施落后、技术力量薄弱、信息处理费用过高、卫星传输周期长等多方面的困难。综述了国内外在实时灌溉预报、渠系动态配水、土壤墒情监测、计算机辅助决策支持系统以及灌区空间信息管理等方面的最新研究进展和主要成就,力求促进灌区用水管理研究的发展。