用于测量世界时的大型光纤陀螺仪的噪声分析

大型光纤陀螺仪可以精确测量地球自转角速率,进而可以运用于世界时(UT1)的解算工作中.光纤陀螺仪包含的噪声会影响测量的精确度以及稳定性,运用Allan方差可以对光纤陀螺仪的输出数据进行噪声分析,同时对陀螺仪测量数据进行功率谱分析,分析测量数据中存在的高频振动变化影响,并结合分析结果,从数据处理方法上提出改进措施.分析结果可以对光纤陀螺仪的改进以及数据处理方法的建立提供参考.     

基于光纤传感及数字图像测试的管-土相互作用试验研究

我国城市化、工业化进程对地下管线的依赖性和需求越来越强,但是近年来相关的重大安全事故频发,亟待加强对管道破坏机理及管-土相互作用的研究。本文基于准分布式光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)技术,在室内开展了一系列平面应变模型试验,利用光纤应变传感器监测了地表加载作用下埋地管道的受力变形特征,据此提出了由应变测值反演管周土压力的计算方法;同时,利用粒子图像测速(PIV)技术获取了管道周边土体的变形规律,并和光纤监测结果进行了对比分析。试验结果表明:采用FBG传感技术,可以有效获取管周土压力分布及土体应变的演化过程;不同埋深率情况下管周土体的变形破坏模式有较大的不同,土拱效应随管道埋深增大而变得更加显著。相关结论为进一步认识埋地管道的灾变机理、提高监测预警水平,提供了一定的参考。     

Sampled-data H2 optimal output feedback control for civil structures

An optimal control method involving sampled data is considered for use in earthquake and wind engineering applications. The structure is modelled as a continuous system attached to a discrete-time controller using zero-order sample-and-hold devices. Examples of two buildings with active base isolators and a 163 m tall planar frame with an active mass damper are considered. The buildings with the base isolators are subjected to excitation input using the 1940 El Centro earthquake (NS component) as an example, while the planar frame is subjected to assumed sinusoidal gusts with a period close to that of the frame. The controlled responses (with and without time delays) are studied. To further analyze the features of the control designs, the building examples with base isolators are subjected to five other different earthquake excitation records. Trends in control performance and effectiveness are presented and discussed. The results suggest that such systems are potentially suited for implementation in the vibration control of civil infrastructures; such potentiality becomes more realistic with the current trends in software development and the increased use of digital computers. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国历史文献中的异常大气光象记载与世界火山活动

中国历史文献记载的某些异常曙暮光、日月和天空颜色异常现象,可能是在适宜条件下由重大的火山喷发产生的火山尘幕所致.将15世纪以后的这类异常大气光象记载与世界重大火山活动的记录详细对比,发现1525年、1638年、1640年、1853年、1883年、1911年等年份多处地点观测到的异常大气光象与世界重大火山活动有很好的对应关系.以1883年和1640年为例,从火山的喷发时间、地理位置和大气环流条件等方面,推证这些异常的大气光象是火山尘幕的影响所致.认为这类历史记载可以作为火山活动的间接证据,从而为搜寻早期重大火山活动信息提示了新途径.     

耗氧微生物的种类对光化学BOD传感膜性能影响的研究

采用同一制膜方法分别对异常汉逊酵母、枯草芽孢杆菌和恶臭假单胞菌进行等量包埋制备固定化微生物膜,并采用自制的光化学BOD微生物传感器试验了各种膜的响应时间、线性范围、重现性等方面的性能,从而选择性能最佳的耗氧微生物。同时也考察了温度、pH、盐度对不同微生物膜的影响。实验结果表明:以恶臭假单胞菌膜制备的传感膜性能最佳,测定BOD时间低于20 min,方法的重现性及精密度较好,其荧光强度变化速率最大值(dI/dt)的相对标准偏差为2.2%,在BOD值0~80 mg·L-1范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相比之下更适用于BOD的快速检测。     

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Design considerations for using Distributed Acoustic Sensing for cross-well seismics: A case study for CO2 storage

Downhole monitoring with fibre-optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) systems offers unprecedented spatial resolution. At the same time, costs are reduced since repeated wireline surveys can be replaced by the permanent installation of comparatively cheap fibre cables. However, the single component nature of fibre data requires novel approaches when designing a monitoring project such as cross-well seismics. At the example of the shallow CO₂ injection test site in Svelvik, Norway, we model the evolution of velocity changes during CO₂ injection based on rock physics theory. Different cross-well seismic design scenarios are then considered to evaluate the best design and the limits of this method to detect containment breach. We present a series of evaluation tools to compare the effect of different well spacings for cross-well seismic tomography. In addition to travel-times, we also consider characteristic amplitude changes along the fibre unique to DAS strain measurements, which might add a constraint to the inversion. We also compare the effect of using helical fibres instead of classical straight fibres. We thus present a toolbox to evaluate and compare different monitoring design options for fibre optic downhole installations for cross-well monitoring.     

沙尘天气中气溶胶光学特性的时空分布特征

选取内蒙古境内额济纳旗、乌拉特中旗、东胜、朱日和、锡林浩特5个站的几次沙尘天气过程和晴朗天气下CE-318太阳光度计资料,计算出大气气溶胶光学厚度,结合气象资料分析在沙尘天气发生过程中气溶胶光学厚度的时空分布特征。分析结果显示,在沙尘天气发生过程中,气溶胶光学厚度是一个相当敏感的变量,其随沙尘的发生、发展和消亡表现出明显不同的日变化特征,且光学厚度值随着沙尘天气的发生和发展,在其空间分布变化上与沙尘天气本身的空间分布变化具有很好的一致性,可以很好的反映沙尘输送过程。此外气溶胶光学厚度与大气稳定度也有一致的日变化趋势。因此,对于大气气溶胶光学厚度的监测可以为沙尘天气的预报提供较为准确的客观依据。     

区调人物

·区调人物陈克强安徽省青阳县人，１９３５年生，教授级高级工程师。１９５４年毕业于东北地质学院地勘系。先后在地质部中南地质局、重工业部中南地质勘探公司、冶金部湖南冶金地质勘探公司、地矿部区测局、地矿司、直管局、中国地质科学院等单位工作，历任组长、技术负...