橡胶座非线性弹性压缩特性的理论和试验研究

本文系统地研究分析了与橡胶隔震支座(以下简称为橡胶座)压缩特性有关的基础理论，提出了原点纵向压缩弹性模量、原点压缩刚度、偏压弹性模量、偏压竖向刚度的基本概念，同时还提出了计算剪切变形状态下橡胶座竖向刚度的计算理论。基于纯压缩原点竖向刚度和偏压原点刚度理论，提出了预测橡胶座压缩变形量的计算理论。文中针对新提出的概念和计算理论采用天然橡胶和铅芯橡胶座共计16个原型试件进行了系统的试验研究工作，试验结果表明本文建立的计算理论能够较理想地定量分析橡胶座的刚度和变形特性。     

费氏旋转台上测定石英光轴空间方位的消光位法

作者依据同一石英光轴的先后二次不同平面上的消光位,所造成的二平面相交,其交线必是光轴的原理,提出了用消光位法来测定石英光轴的空间方位。本方法只需测出每个石英颗粒在不同平面上的两个消光位及一个I轴的旋转角,便可作光轴投影图,从而求出石英光轴的空间方位。     

航天器姿态算法在地面天文定位中的应用研究

针对天顶仪地面天文定位算法需要反复差值,计算繁琐的问题,文章将航天器姿态算法应用到天顶仪定位中来,详细研究了3种姿态算法,并为利用姿态算法实现定位给出了从姿态信息计算天顶仪光轴指向的新方法:建立了姿态算法的定位误差模型,结合过蒙特卡洛仿真,研究了姿态算法的定位精度并与原算法进行了比较;最后通过实际观测实验,实际分析了姿态算法和原算法在实验系统中的实际定位精度。结果表明:各姿态算法均能应用于天顶仪定位中,且精度高于原定位算法。     

方形多铅芯橡胶支座力学性能研究

本文通过对方形多铅芯橡胶支座竖向压缩性能试验,水平剪切性能试验以及其等效刚度、屈服强度、屈服后刚度、等效阻尼比等水平特征参数与水平剪切应变和竖向压应力的关系,特别是对其在不同方向上压缩剪切变形状态下的性能试验,分析了这种隔震支座各种水平特征参数在不同方向上变化的相关规律。得出在这种类型橡胶隔震支座在双向水平荷载同时作用下,竖向性能和水平性能较为稳定,是较为理想的桥梁结构的减隔震装置。     

桥梁隔震支座压缩剪切变形状态下竖向变形量研究

本文通过对不同参数的橡胶支座在压缩剪切变形状态下的竖向变形量进行了试验,分析了在压缩剪切变形状态下竖向变形量的特点。得出对RB支座,由剪切和弯曲产生的竖向变形随剪切应变增加而增大较快;对LRB支座,在达到一定剪切应变时,竖向变形量的增加缓慢。     

水下机器人光纤微缆动力学研究

讨论了水下机器人远程通信光纤微缆的动力学问题,研究分析了在海洋层流条件下水下机器人的运动对光纤微缆张力的影响,在仿真分析的基础上提出了对光纤微缆收放系统的设计要求并给出了概念设计方案。     

The effect of gauge length on axially incident P‐waves measured using fibre optic distributed vibration sensing

Distributed vibration sensing, also known as distributed acoustic sensing, is a relatively new method for recording vertical seismic profile data using a fibre optic cable as the sensor. The signal obtained from such systems is a distributed measurement over a length of fibre referred to as the gauge length. In this paper, we show that gauge length selection is one of the most important acquisition parameters for a distributed vibration sensing survey. If the gauge length is too small, then the signal‐to‐noise ratio will be poor. If the gauge length is too large, resolution will be reduced and the shape of the wavelet will be distorted. The optimum gauge length, as derived here, is a function of the velocity and frequencies of the seismic waves being measured. If these attributes vary considerably over the depth of a survey, then the use of different gauge lengths is recommended. The significant increases in data quality resulting from the use of multiple gauge length values are demonstrated using field data.     

Measuring solar irradiance profiles in the Arctic sea ice using fiber optic spectrometry via inclined holes

An irradiance profile measurement approach and profiling system were developed to measure the solar irradiance profile of the Arctic sea ice using fiber optic spectrometry. The approach involved using a miniature spectrometer to sense light signals collected and transmitted from a fiber probe. The fiber probe was small, and could thus move freely in inclined bore holes drilled in sea ice with its optical entrance pointing upward. The input-output relationship of the system was analyzed and built. Influence factors that determined the system output were analyzed. A correctional system output approach was proposed to correct the influence of these factors, and to obtain the solar irradiance profile based on the measurements outputted by this system. The overall performance of the system was examined in two ice floes in the Arctic during the 9 th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition. The measured solar irradiance profiles were in good agreement with those obtained using other commercially available oceanographic radiometers. The derived apparent optical properties of sea ice were comparable to those of similar sea ice measured by other optical instruments.     

我国第四纪地质科学应用的新领域--海底光缆工程路由勘察

文章介绍了第四纪地质学的一个新的应用领域--海底光缆工程路由勘察.该项勘察是在全球经济发展,人类从工业化向信息化社会转变,信息化基础建设蓬勃兴起的时代出现并逐步完善的一个新的海洋工程领域.海底光缆建设在国内外得到迅速发展.我国修建的国内外海底光缆已达20余条.海底光缆工程路由勘察与第四纪地质学关系密切.海洋第四纪地质现象是它进行勘察和研究的主要内容.海底光缆路由勘察使用先进的仪器设备,采集的是数字化信息,能快速准确的成图.该图反映路由区海底所有的自然环境特征.勘察融汇了现代化的高新技术,拓宽了第四纪研究的领域,推动了第四纪地质学的发展.     

影像测量仪的光学成像误差分析及计算

对光学影像测量仪的光学成像误差,特别对摄像镜头的畸变误差进行了研究。运用标准模版标定法,计算出镜头成像的各项畸变参数,分析了畸变误差大小及其分布状况。应用畸变参数对测量结果进行校正,结果表明,径向畸变较大,切向畸变和薄棱镜畸变较小,且图像中心区域畸变很小,边缘畸变增大。在精密测量中需要考虑到畸变的影响,并对所测得的图像坐标进行修正。