航空矢量重力测量中光纤陀螺随机漂移误差实时补偿方法

光纤陀螺随机漂移误差是影响航空矢量重力测量系统姿态解算精度的关键因素。建立模型并在输出中对其补偿是抑制该项误差的有效方法。针对传统ARMA模型只能对平稳随机漂移误差建模,且模型无法满足实时滤波需求的问题,本文引入适用于非平稳随机漂移误差的ARIMA模型,同时给出详细的建模过程,并提出采用实时平均算法消除原始采样序列中常值分量的思路,实现了随机漂移误差的实时Kalman滤波估计。基于本文所提出的模型和实时滤波算法,对光纤陀螺实测数据进行分析,结果表明处理后信号中随机漂移误差的方差减小了46.5%。Allan方差分析结果表明,滤波后角度随机游走系数和角速率随机游走系数分别降低了约50%和40%。本文的结果说明ARIMA模型能够准确描述陀螺的非平稳随机漂移误差。基于实时平均算法的Kalman滤波可实现随机漂移误差的在线估计,有望提高航空矢量重力测量系统的姿态解算精度。     

基于水平传感器-光纤陀螺-全站仪组合的地籍测量新方法

针对全站仪测量技术存在作业周期长、劳动强度大和受观测环境影响严重等不足,本文将光纤陀螺寻北技术、倾角测量技术应用于地籍测量中,降低了地籍测量对控制点及水平度的依赖,有效地提高了测量效率,推导了全站仪在倾斜状态下界址点测量和定向的计算公式。结合全站仪可水平旋转180°的特点,给出了光纤陀螺安装误差自补偿的操作步骤;对影响定向精度的主要误差源进行仿真分析,结果表明:光纤陀螺精度与水平传感器精度对定向精度影响较大,在光纤陀螺精度为0.05°/h情况下,当倾角测量误差为1'时,定向误差为26.51″。     

合肥地区平流层气溶胶地基激光雷达与SAGE卫星探测比较

为了解中国上空SAGE反演的平流层气溶胶数据质量,将合肥地区地基激光雷达观测10年(1996年—2005年)的气溶胶数据与SAGE资料进行比较。通过较为系统全面的比较分析,得到如下结果:(1)10—30 km内SAGE与Li DAR分析的气溶胶变化趋势较为一致,出现峰值和低值的位置也较为接近;(2)SAGE结果普遍比Li DAR测量的偏小,对应的平流层气溶胶AOD差异显著,定量表现为:激光雷达获取的平流层气溶胶AOD基本约为0.004,SAGE反演的平流层气溶胶AOD基本约为0.002,只有前者的一半;(3)两者分析的20—35 km气溶胶季节分布差异较小,再次表明平流层气溶胶比较稳定。     

中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)视神经节神经内分泌细胞电生理特征

利用膜片钳技术对体外培养24—48h中国对虾的视神经节端髓A型和B型神经内分泌细胞进行电生理特征研究。电流钳的结果表明，A型细胞具有自发和诱发放电活动；B型细胞没有记录到明显放电活动。在电压钳模式下，中国对虾视神经节神经内分泌细胞表达TTX敏感Na^ 通道、高电压激活L型Ca^2 通道、TEA敏感晚钾通道、早钾通道。Ca^2 通道电流在-40— -30mV被激活，在-10—0mV时达到峰值；Ca电流受钳制电压的影响。一定电压范围内，钳制电压越负，Ca电流就越大。外向的钾通道电流均在-40mV左右被激活。晚钾通道电流对TEA敏感，但TEA不能完全阻断晚钾通道电流。     

海洋环境要素的声光集成测量

本文介绍海洋环境要素的声光集成测量原理和测量方法。文中以作者主持的海洋８６３项目“声光悬浮沙粒径谱测量仪”为例,列举了声速、声衰减、悬浮泥沙粒径谱的测量结果。海洋声速、声衰减、温度、盐度、悬浮物等都是海水的重要参数。这些参数的测量,对海洋开发、海洋环保、海洋军事有重要的意义。     

森林间隙率模型及模型验证

植被冠层间隙率的研究至今已有３０多年的历史。间隙率模型的研究一直沿着辐射传输方向及几何光学方向发展，本文试图将两者结合起来得到一个更为一般的间隙率模型。要验证模型，实验数据的获取是极其重要的，为了获得准确的数据，我们对观测进行了精心的设计，并在测量方法上有所创新，如“摄影法”，“平行光孔孔法”等都是经济而方便的方法。     

Analysis of a kinematic self‐centring seismic isolator

This investigation deals with the analytical formulation and experimental validation of a prestressed reinforced concrete seismic isolator with kinematic constraints at both ends. The kinematic isolator was proposed initially as a low‐cost solution for seismic protection of low‐income people housing usually placed at the periphery of big cities where regular to bad soil conditions are common. So, the isolator is also a pile foundation with a central prestressed cable and two rolling steel surfaces at the top and bottom ends. By varying the shapes of the end rolling surfaces, different force–deformation constitutive relationships for the isolator may be obtained. Energy dissipation is introduced by yielding of passive reinforcement at the rolling interphase. Apart from stating the large‐deformation formulation of the element, several relevant aspects of the behaviour of these devices are studied herein, such as the increase in the tension of the central prestressed cable, responsible for the self‐centring action of the isolator, the floor uplift that results from the geometry of the isolator, and the vertical stability of the system. Experimental and theoretical results obtained for a group of 9 testing specimens show an excellent agreement in the force–deformation constitutive relationship. Although not the intent of this article, the device proposed may be extended directly as a coupling beam element for shear wall systems. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

旋转针锥光下一光轴出露时快速测定2V的图解

为了简化旋转针锥光下一光轴出露时测定2V的赤平投影法的绘图手续,设计了本图解,只要测取θ,R,R′与φ四值,就能更快地求得2V值。     

Optimal design and seismic performance of tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI) for structures with nonlinear base isolation systems

The tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI) couples the classical tuned mass damper (TMD) with an inerter, a mechanical device whose generated force is proportional to the relative acceleration between its terminals, thus providing beneficial mass‐amplification effects. This paper deals with a dynamic layout in which the TMDI is installed below the isolation floor of base‐isolated structures in order to enhance the earthquake resilience and reduce the displacement demand. Unlike most of the literature studies that assumed a linearized behavior of the isolators, the aim of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of the TMDI while accounting for the nonlinearity of the isolators. Two nonlinear constitutive behaviors are considered, a Coulomb friction model and a Bouc‐Wen hysteretic model, representative of friction pendulum and of lead‐rubber‐bearing isolators, respectively. Optimal design is based on the stochastic dynamic analysis of the system, by modeling the base acceleration as a Kanai‐Tajimi filtered stationary random process and resorting to the stochastic linearization technique to handle the nonlinear terms. Different tuning criteria based on displacement, acceleration, and energy‐based performance indices are defined, and their implications in a design process are discussed. It is proven that the improved robustness of the TMDI reduces its performance sensitivity to the tuning frequency and to the earthquake frequency content, which are well‐known shortcomings of TMD‐like systems. This important feature makes the TMDI particularly suitable for nonlinear base‐isolated structures that are affected by unavoidable uncertainties in the isolators' properties and that may experience changes of isolators effective stiffness depending on the excitation level.     

不同中药对青光眼小鼠视网膜TRPV4及TRAAK蛋白影响的比较研究

目的：比较不同中药对DBA/2小鼠视网膜TRPV4及TRAAK蛋白的影响。方法：将C57小鼠设为空白组,50只DBA/2小鼠随机分为10组,分别为：模型组,香附组、郁金组、柴胡组（疏肝解郁类）,女贞子组、枸杞子组、牛膝组（补益肝肾类）,川芎组、三七组、丹参组（活血行气类）,每组各5只。喂养至7月龄后,分别予以0.9%氯化钠注射液、香附、郁金、柴胡、女贞子、枸杞子、牛膝、川芎、三七、丹参超微配方颗粒溶液灌胃28 d,采用免疫组化法、免疫荧光法、Western Blot检测视网膜上TRAAK、TRPV4蛋白表达情况。结果：与空白组相比,其余各组小鼠视网膜组织中TRAAK及TRPV4蛋白表达均升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。与模型组相比,其余各药物组视网膜组织中TRAAK及TRPV4蛋白表达均降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。各类中药组组内比较：①疏肝解郁类：与郁金组相比,香附组和柴胡组视网膜组织中TRAAK及TRPV4蛋白表达升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;②补益肝肾类：各组视网膜组织中TRAAK及TRPV4蛋白表达差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;③活血行气类：与川芎组相比,黄芪组和丹参组视网膜组织中TRAAK及TRPV4蛋白表达升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：九味不同疗效中药均能通过降低视网膜TRAAK及TRPV4蛋白表达量发挥视神经保护作用。其中在柴胡、郁金、香附三味疏肝解郁中药中,以郁金作用最佳;在川芎、三七、丹参三味活血行气中药中,以川芎作用最佳。