藏北羌塘泛非和印支事件的记录:来自俄久卖变质杂岩地球化学与锆石U-Pb年代学的证据

藏北羌塘盆地大地构造属性是长期争议的议题,深入研究有助于对该问题的探讨。俄久卖杂岩体产出于羌塘盆地中央隆起带北缘,包括夕线石片麻岩和片麻状花岗岩,以及侵位于其中的淡色花岗岩脉。在中央隆起北侧,高级变质岩仅发现于俄久卖杂岩体内。因此,该杂岩为研究羌塘盆地构造演化的重要窗口。在区域地质调查的基础上,本文重点对片麻状花岗岩和淡色花岗岩开展了岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学与地球化学研究。其中,片麻状花岗岩加权平均年龄为476.6±4.8Ma,且岩石中大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th和Pb相对富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti和P较亏损,显示弧火山岩的地球化学特征。淡色花岗岩中的锆石呈明显的核-幔-边环带结构,其核部测得年龄介于2052±25Ma~541±8Ma之间,幔部加权平均年龄为463.7±7.5Ma,边部内侧为214.6±2Ma,边部外侧为189.4±1.1Ma。地球化学特征表明该淡色花岗岩形成于典型的同碰撞构造环境。综合研究表明,俄久卖杂岩体包括早古生代泛非晚期岩浆事件产物(~470Ma),且在印支运动期遭受深埋作用并发生部分熔融,分别形成了~214Ma和~189Ma的淡色花岗岩。因此,羌塘盆地内泛非时期的地质记录可延伸至中央隆起带北缘。     

三氯乙烯在模拟有机质-矿质复合体中的吸附行为研究

土壤中有机质与无机矿物长期共存,其存在形式发生着变化。本文利用批实验的方法对三氯乙烯的吸附行为进行模拟研究,结果表明,土壤中有机质与无机矿物是以有机质-矿质复合体形式存在的,有机质与无机矿物的相互作用影响复合体的吸附性能,与有机质、无机矿物单体相比,复合体Kd、Koc明显发生变化;并提出了有机质-矿质复合体模型。     

东秦岭陡岭杂岩花岗岩的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征及其地质意义

东秦岭陡岭杂岩中甘沟、三坪沟和封子山等花岗岩体SiO2含量变化大,低碱、高钠,富集LREE和LILE,贫HFSE,亏损Nb、Sr、P和Ti,具准铝质钙碱性I型花岗岩的特征。吐雾山岩体富Si、碱,高Al,贫Ca、Mg,稀土元素总量高,Eu负异常强,富集Rb、Th、U和Pb,明显亏损Sr、P和Ti,显示了A2型花岗岩的地球化学特征。2类花岗岩体Nd-Pb同位素组成基本一致,指示源自相同的物质源区,地球化学特征的差异主要为岩浆分异演化途径不同所致。它们的Pb同位素组成明显不同于北秦岭基底岩系及同时代花岗岩的高放射性成因Pb,与南秦岭和扬子地块基底岩系低放射成因Pb同位素组成类似,表明这次花岗岩浆活动是新元古代中期扬子地块统一陆块形成过程中岩浆活动在秦岭地区的反映,与北秦岭构造带无任何成因联系。     

CLUSTERS AND COMPLEXES OF MEDIUM-SIZED URBAN MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS: TWO CASE STUDIES IN BRAZIL *

Industrial linkages of two medium-sized Brazilian urban manufacturing systems are analyzed. Clusters are similar to those of the national economy while complexes are uneven for the two cities which implies that neither the size nor the diversity of the local industry influences the evolution of complexes. Development depends on time and on the volume (threshold) of manufacturing activity. If manufacturing complexes are carefully implemented and maintained, medium-sized centers might become viable manufacturing growth center communities.     

西藏果芒错蛇绿混杂岩中硅质岩的地球化学特征及其形成环境

果芒错蛇绿混杂岩位于狮泉河—永珠—嘉黎蛇绿混杂岩带中段,是该带中保存较好的一套蛇绿混杂岩,其形成环境是确定狮泉河—永珠—嘉黎蛇绿混杂岩带构造属性的重要依据。对果芒错蛇绿混杂岩中的硅质岩进行了地球化学分析,为判断蛇绿混杂岩的形成环境提供新的约束条件。硅质岩通常呈几十厘米夹层产于玄武岩中,含有大量晚三叠世—白垩纪放射虫化石。硅质岩SiO2含量为71.38%～77.67%,Al2O3含量为8.62%～11.51%,MnO/TiO2值为0.28～0.35,（Ce/Ce＊）SN值为0.92～0.94,（La/Ce）SN值为1.13～1.17,反映了陆源物质的影响,而V、Ni、Cu和V/Y值高于大陆边缘硅质岩,与洋中脊和大洋盆地硅质岩相似,说明果芒错硅质岩可能形成于受陆源物质影响且与大陆边缘有一定距离的环境中。结合变质橄榄岩、镁铁质岩墙和玄武岩的地球化学特征,初步认为果芒错蛇绿混杂岩的形成环境为靠近大陆边缘的弧后盆地。     

西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带北缘多龙矿集区晚三叠世—侏罗纪增生杂岩结构及其对成矿地质背景的约束

西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带北缘多龙斑岩铜金矿集区出露的晚三叠世—体罗纪增生杂岩属总体无序、局部有序的非史密斯地层,由基质和块体2个部分组成.基质为晚三叠世—侏罗纪砂泥质复理石建造,块体由大小不等的玄武岩、安山玄武岩、灰岩、砂岩、硅质岩、辉长岩、超基性岩等组成.增生杂岩系变形强烈,发育强烈的构造置换作用,块体与基质之间由透入性挤压面理、剪切面理或韧性剪切断层分隔,为典型造山带大陆增生边缘的增生杂岩.多龙斑岩铜矿的含矿斑岩体侵位于侏罗纪增生杂岩系或以侏罗纪增生杂岩系为基底的岛弧型火山岩系中,属增生楔基础上发育的具有超大型潜力的岛弧型斑岩铜金矿床,其外围的拿若、色拉、拿顿、地保那木岗、鹫山、铁格龙和尕尔勤等系列铜金铅锌矿床点,在空间上均赋存于早白垩世花岗闪长斑岩体内部及其与侏罗纪增生杂岩系的内外接触带中,受矿集区北东向走滑断裂的控制,呈北东向成群展布,二者具有相似的成矿环境与成矿条件,其深部可能存在统一的斑岩型铜金铅锌矿床,属于统一的斑岩浅成低温热液成矿系统.班公湖-怒江缝合带北缘多龙矿集区晚三叠世—侏罗纪增生杂岩的识别,为正确认识多龙超大型斑岩铜金矿床的成矿地质背景和缝合带的演化提供了新的线索.     

A slab break-off model for mafic–ultramafic igneous complexes in the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt,northern Tibet: insights from early Palaeozoic accretion related to post-collisional magmatism

ABSTRACT

The East Kunlun Orogenic Belt (EKOB) in northern Tibet provides an important record of the amalgamation of the Wanbaogou oceanic basalt plateau and the Qaidam Block. Here we report geochemical, geochronological, and Hf isotopic data for newly identified late Silurian–Early Devonian mafic–ultramafic igneous complexes from the EKOB at the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. These complexes are dominantly composed of gabbro and pyroxenite rocks. Three complexes yield zircon U–Pb ages of 398.8 ± 1.8, 420.2 ± 1.2, and 413.4 ± 0.78 Ma. The ε_Hf(t) values of zircons range from +0.8 to +3.3 with T_DM1 ages of 897 to 998 Ma. Modelling of the geochemical data indicates that these igneous complexes have a hybrid origin, involving depleted mantle fluids derived from a previous subduction event and crustal materials. The geochemical and geochronological data suggest that these complexes formed in a post-collisional setting linked to break-off of a subducted oceanic slab, which occurred after the Wanbaogou oceanic basalt plateau amalgamated with the Qaidam Block in the late Silurian–Early Devonian.     

Chemical Separation of Tungsten and Other Trace Elements for TIMS Isotope Ratio Measurements Using Organic Acids

One requirement for isotope ratio measurement results with small measurement uncertainties is that the element of interest is effectively separated from the sample matrix. Efficient chemical separation of W from matrix components, especially Ti, can be challenging, particularly for large test portion masses (> 1 g). We present a new W separation procedure that takes advantage of the distinct complexation behaviour of Ti and W with citrate ligand in a moderately low pH, oxidising solution. This preparation procedure can reduce the Ti/W ratio of large (4–10 g) basaltic (i.e., high‐matrix) test portions by a factor of 10⁵, relative to their original compositions, in a two‐step separation procedure. The procedure additionally provides a separate, well‐purified Mo fraction. We show that optimal separation requires precise selection of reagent concentrations and sample load. The procedure was employed to determine the μ¹⁸²W composition of BHVO‐2 as ?6.7 ± 4.2 (2 standard deviation, 2s). The principles derived from this method may prove useful for chemical separation of other elements used for geochemical and cosmochemical applications given an appropriate selection of organic acid. Future successful applications of this method may reveal that the use of organic acids as procedural reagents is a currently under‐utilised tool for efficient chemical separation protocols.