浅析数字龙江地理空间框架建设一期工程作业中的若干关键问题

在开展数字龙江地理空间框架建设一期工程——黑河测区工作中,利用航空和卫星影像进行1∶10 000地形图的测绘与更新,本文针对具体工作中的一些关键及重要问题进行了阐述。     

一个简易的CRM系统的设计与实现--汽修连锁资源管理系统

首先提出引入CRM和连锁经营的必要性和紧迫性,并分析了国内外现状,接着对客户关系管理和连锁经营的基本概念及其相关理论进行阐述,最后具体实现这个系统,包括硬件架构和软件模型.     

煤田地质超深孔钻探工艺

在对深部煤田地质钻孔钻进工艺研究的基础上,有针对性选择使用聚合物泥浆,解决了基浆配制用水及泥浆抗地表水水质污染问题。通过改变双管钻具长度和改换取心钻头的切削具,满足软硬互层对钻头钻进效率的影响。在煤系地层钻进中,除采用常规的单管钻具钻进外,在见煤预告下过后,采用加长双管取心钻具,既可保证了回次进尺,又可保证岩心的采取。多项措施落实,不仅解决了生产中的一些难题,收到了较好的效果,而且创造了河北省煤田地质局煤田地质单孔钻探深度2 009.12m的新纪录,为今后深部钻孔的施工积累了经验。     

资源三号影像中城市高大地物阴影检测方法

针对遥感影像处理中阴影检测和信息补偿不准确的问题,该文在研究已有阴影检测算法的基础上,结合资源三号(ZY-3)影像数据的特性,构建了阴影检测方法:首先对原始图像分别做差值运算和主成分变换,并利用多峰阈值自动提取算法检测出阴影区域;其次将差值运算提取的粗阴影区域与主成分变换提取的阴影区域做并运算生成一个新的阴影区域;然后判断影像中是否含有水体,如果含有水体则利用多峰阈值自动提取算法检测出水体并与新合并的阴影区域影像做布尔运算得到完整的阴影区域,反之则新合并的区域即为完整的阴影区域。实验结果表明该方法针对ZY-3具有较好的普适性、较高的提取精度和提取效率。     

Detecting tents to estimate the displaced populations for post-disaster relief using high resolution satellite imagery

Estimating the number of refugees and internally displaced persons is important for planning and managing an efficient relief operation following disasters and conflicts. Accurate estimates of refugee numbers can be inferred from the number of tents. Extracting tents from high-resolution satellite imagery has recently been suggested. However, it is still a significant challenge to extract tents automatically and reliably from remote sensing imagery. This paper describes a novel automated method, which is based on mathematical morphology, to generate a camp map to estimate the refugee numbers by counting tents on the camp map. The method is especially useful in detecting objects with a clear shape, size, and significant spectral contrast with their surroundings. Results for two study sites with different satellite sensors and different spatial resolutions demonstrate that the method achieves good performance in detecting tents. The overall accuracy can be up to 81% in this study. Further improvements should be possible if over-identified isolated single pixel objects can be filtered. The performance of the method is impacted by spectral characteristics of satellite sensors and image scenes, such as the extent of area of interest and the spatial arrangement of tents. It is expected that the image scene would have a much higher influence on the performance of the method than the sensor characteristics.     

人工影响天气用碘化银催化剂对区域环境影响的研究进展

中国自1958年以来开展人工影响天气作业。碘化银作为主要的催化剂,是否会对环境造成影响备受关注。分析了国内外使用碘化银开展人工增雨雪和人工防雹外场试验作业后降水、土壤和湖泊等的Ag+含量,尽管催化后Ag+含量会有不同程度的增加,尤其是地面燃烧炉催化和人工防雹作业,但降水和水库中的Ag+含量远低于饮用水标准。统计了我国外场人工影响天气作业的碘化银用量,结合降水和水库中Ag+浓度观测,认为我国人工影响天气使用的碘化银不会对水资源和环境造成影响。     

Towards automation of palynology 2: the use of texture measures and neural network analysis for automated identification of optical images of pollen grains

The automation of palynology (the identification and counting of pollen grains and spores) will be a small step for image recognition, but a giant stride for palynology. Here we show the first successful automated identification, with 100% accuracy, of a realistic number of taxa. The technique used involves a neural network classifier applied to surface texture data from light microscope images. A further significance of the technique is that it could be adapted for the identification of a wide range of biological objects, both microscopic and macroscopic. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

USE OF VALUE FUNCTIONS AS A POSSIBLE SUITABILITY SCALING PROCEDURE IN AUTOMATED COMPOSITE MAPPING

The application of composite suitability mapping integrated with a geographic information system is progressing at a much faster rate than the methodological improvements necessary for optimal use in the public planning context. The use of value functions is suggested as an alternative scaling procedure that is scientifically and operationally preferable to existing procedures. Value functions limit the operational subjectivity and enhance the potential for replication and verification of the analysis. Value functions are conducive to increased automation of the land planning and decision process while being comprehensible to non-expert decision-makers and the public.     

基于DOM与SVG的WebGIS地图操作原理与实现

XML是下一代先进的网络标记语言,SVG是一种以XML为基础的开放标准的文本式矢量图形描述语言,在W ebG IS中使用SVG可以描述各类的高质量矢量图形,通过DOM技术可对XML/SVG数据文档进行各种操作。本文通过创建DOM对象,实现对SVG数据文档的访问、查询以及对文档标记属性的添加和标记的增删,从而实现XML/SVG文档数据管理和W ebG IS地图操作功能。     

基于拓扑构建的多边形区域间运算的新方法

提出了一种新的直观的方法进行多边形区域之间的运算.首先将需要计算的多边形区域的边进行自动拓扑构建,利用多边形区域的边将平面划分为n个小多边形区域;然后生成这些多边形区域的内点,通过判断小多边形区域的内点是否在原始多边形区域内来确定小多边形区域是否选取;最后合并选取的小多边形即为所求.试验结果表明,该方法思路清晰、鲁棒性强,在GIS中得到了有效的运用.