Optimizing the reservoir operating rule curves by genetic algorithms

Genetic algorithms, founded upon the principle of evolution, are applicable to many optimization problems, especially popular for solving parameter optimization problems. Reservoir operating rule curves are the most common way for guiding and managing the reservoir operation. These rule curves traditionally are derived through intensive simulation techniques. The main aim of this study is to investigate the efficiency and effectiveness of two genetic algorithms (GAs), i.e., binary coded and real coded, to derive multipurpose reservoir operating rule curves. The curves are assumed to be piecewise linear functions where the coordinates of their inflection points are the unknowns and we want to optimize system performance. The applicability and effectiveness of the proposed methods are tested on the operation of the Shih‐Men reservoir in Taiwan. The current M‐5 operating curves of the Shih‐Men reservoir are also evaluated. The results show that the GAs provide an adequate, effective and robust way for searching the rule curves. Both sets of operating rule curves obtained from GAs have better performance, in terms of water release deficit and hydropower, than the current M‐5 operating rule curves, while the real‐coded GA is more efficient than the binary‐coded GA. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

梯级水库群联合优化调度函数研究

构建了制定梯级水库群联合优化调度函数的"优化-拟合-再优化-随机仿真"框架:首先建立梯级水库群优化调度模型,通过确定性动态规划方法得到最优样本;然后对最优样本进行多元线性回归分析得到联合调度函数;并基于模拟调度结果采用非线性规划方法直接修正调度函数;最后通过水文随机模拟技术生成径流系列,进一步检验、评价所得调度函数的效率。以清江梯级水库群长期优化调度为对象进行实例研究,计算结果表明:对于1951-2005年实测径流系列,梯级水库群联合优化调度函数较常规调度方案年均增加发电量2.03亿kW·h,增幅达2.79%;对于两种随机模拟方法生成的水文径流系列,年均发电量分别提高了1.74%和2.36%,经济效益显著。     

碘化银地面发生器增雨（雪）作业可行性及作业时机选择

设置于高山迎风坡的碘化银发行器增雨(雪)作业，其关键是上升气流时段的选择，上升气流关系着有效核入云效率。文章分析了碘化银地面发生器增雨(雪)作业的可行性和利用天气图、卫星云图、雷达和物理量计算等方法确定作业时机的可能与技术。     

CORS系统稳定性监测数据处理与分析研究

提出了一套完整的CORS系统基准网稳定性分析的方法和流程,并通过武汉市CORS系统基准网数据进行了验证。结果表明,该方法可行,CORS系统连续高精度观测数据为地理空间框架的形变分析提供了先进、高效的手段和方法。     

中低纬度地区连续运行参考站网络电离层扰动修正技术研究

分析了电离层扰动对中长距离连续运行参考站网络(CORS)的工作性能的影响,论证了中小尺度电离层行进式扰动是影响中低纬度地区CORS基线解算和实时定位精度的最主要误差源。本文提出了时相关电离层修正模型,通过在双线性曲面纠正模型上附加中尺度电离层扰动修正信息,实现电离层预报修正技术。在100 km以上长距离参考站网的实验验证了该技术应用于CORS领域减弱电离层强扰动影响方面的有效性。     

基于TM1300的G.723.1语音编解码器的实时实现

简要介绍了G.723.1编解码算法原理和TM 1300定点DSP芯片,针对该芯片的硬件结构特点,设计了一套运行于TM 1300之上的实时语音信号采集-编解码-播放的可行方案。讨论了G.723.1语音编解码器在定点TM 1300上实时实现的关键技术及在具体实现过程中的问题,并提出了相应的解决方法。试验结果表明,单片的TriMedia 1300能实现至少5路实时G.723.1语音编解码。     

临空经济区发展的动力因素研究

临空经济区的发展受到内部和外部动力因素的影响,前者包括机场流量、运营效率和产业集群,后者包括区域开放度、经济总量和产业结构等。利用理论模型分析了内部因素的作用,但对国内24个临空经济区进行实证后发现,我国仍停留在以外部动力为主、内部动力为辅的阶段。其中,航空客运量和机场效率的正向促进作用非常明显,货运量的影响则不显著。临空产业仍处于集群的初始阶段,因而对临空经济区的推动力较小。     

Air quality and view degradations due to copper mining and milling: Preliminary analysis and cost estimates for Green Valley,Arizona

Green Valley, Arizona is a retirement community located near major open-pit copper mines. Mining and milling activities create dust, which degrades air quality, and mine dumps and tailings banks, which degrade the viewscape. Although the tailings banks are highly visible, this study found that consumer surplus lost from dust-polluted air is more than twice that from degradation of viewscape. Consumer surplus lost from both air quality and viewscape degradation is estimated to be between $116,000,000 and $169,000,000. These preliminary estimates are based upon two studies: hedonic property values, and a contingent valuation survey of willingness to pay.     

UNIX操作系统与Internet网络

根据作者的工作实践，本文提出了ＵＮＩＸ操作系统在互联网络中的作用和对Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ网络发展的重要技术及其应用进行了介绍。     

地理信息系统GIS在地籍、地形测量中的运用

本文利用地理信息系统(GIS)对测绘地形、地籍以及生成土地证、房产证等一些图件进行说明，并作相应的转换处理，满足了地籍管理工作的需要。