大同第四纪火山群的活动特点

一、引言大同第四纪火山群位于山西省大同县和阳高县境内(图1),包括近5年来在大峪口,秋林地区首次发现的6个小火山。该火山群大、小火山共计31个。大同火山群南以六棱山北麓断裂为界,分布于大同盆地东部的第四纪沉积区范围。火山群南侧的六棱山和北部的小北山是由前寒武花岗片麻岩组成的山地。     

Melt Inclusions in Primitive Olivine Phenocrysts: the Role of Localized Reaction Processes in the Origin of Anomalous Compositions

Melt inclusions are small portions of liquid trapped by growingcrystals during magma evolution. Recent studies of melt inclusionshave revealed a large range of unusual major and trace elementcompositions in phenocrysts from primitive mantle-derived magmaticrocks [e.g. in high-Fo olivine (Fo > 85 mol %), spinel, high-Anplagioclase]. Inclusions in phenocrysts crystallized from moreevolved magmas (e.g. olivine Fo < 85 mol %), are usuallycompositionally similar to the host lavas. This paper reviewsthe chemistry of melt inclusions in high-Fo olivine phenocrystsfocusing on those with anomalous major and trace element contentsfrom mid-ocean ridge and subduction-related basalts. We suggestthat a significant portion of the anomalous inclusion compositionsreflects localized, grain-scale dissolution–reaction–mixing(DRM) processes within the magmatic plumbing system. The DRMprocesses occur at the margins of primitive magma bodies, wheremagma is in contact with cooler wall rocks and/or pre-existingsemi-solidified crystal mush zones (depending on the specificenvironment). Injection of hotter, more primitive magma causespartial dissolution (incongruent melting) of the mush-zone phases,which are not in equilibrium with the primitive melt, and mixingof the reaction products with the primitive magma. Localizedrapid crystallization of high-Fo olivines from the primitivemagma may lead to entrapment of numerous large melt inclusions,which record the DRM processes in progress. In some magmaticsuites melt inclusions in primitive phenocrysts may be naturallybiased towards the anomalous compositions. The occurrence ofmelt inclusions with unusual compositions does not necessarilyimply the existence of new geologically significant magma typesand/or melt-generation processes, and caution should be exercisedin their interpretation. KEY WORDS: melt inclusions; olivine; geochemistry; mush zones; MORB; subduction-related magmas     

新疆库鲁克塔格西段早泥盆世橄榄辉长岩年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

对新疆库鲁克塔格西段乌斯腾高勒东南橄榄辉长岩进行系统的锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩地球化学及Sr?Nd?Hf同位素研究,确定了岩石成因,并探讨其构造背景及地质意义。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,橄榄辉长岩结晶年龄为410.3±5.7 Ma （MSWD = 0.56）,属早泥盆世岩浆活动的产物。全岩地球化学表明,岩石具有高Al2O3 和CaO、贫碱、低P2O5和TiO2的特征,属于低钾拉斑系列;岩石具有较高的Mg#值（72.27～75.04）、明显的Eu正异常（δEu = 1.12～1.38）,其轻稀土元素轻微富集,重稀土元素相对平缓;微量元素蛛网图上岩石富集大离子亲石元素（如Rb、Ba、K、Sr）和Pb元素,亏损高场强元素（如Nb、Ta、P、Ti）。全岩Sr 同位素初始比值（87Sr/86Sr）i值（0.703 663～0.704 013）相对较小,εNd（t）值（-2.32～+4.98）变化范围较大,锆石εHf（t）值为+7.8～+12.5。该岩体为俯冲板片流体改造过的相对较浅、对应于尖晶石二辉橄榄岩稳定区域的亏损地幔楔部分熔融,部分熔融比例在2%～10%之间,其母岩浆形成过程中遭受低程度的地壳物质混染,并经历了斜长石的堆晶作用和较弱的橄榄石和单斜辉石的结晶分异作用。结合区域已有地质资料,本文认为塔里木北缘库鲁克塔格地区在古生代中期经历了南天山洋南向俯冲过程,橄榄辉长岩产于主动大陆边缘环境,该时期大陆地壳生长方式为垂向生长,指示塔里木北缘具有增生造山带的属性。     

浅谈吉林敦化意气松南山橄榄石宝石矿矿床地质特征及宝石级橄榄石品级划分方法

本文在野外地质勘查及系统分析前人工作、资料的基础上,对吉林敦化意气松南山橄榄石宝石矿成矿地质背景、控矿因素等进行了归纳总结。对宝石级橄榄石品级的划分方法进行了探讨。     

云南马关新生代地幔包体中橄榄石的显微构造及其反映的上地幔物理状态特征

利用氧化缀饰法研究了云南马关新生代地幔尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体中橄榄石的位错构造。其位错构造种类多样、形态各异,主要包括(100)和(001)位错壁、亚颗粒构造、位错网格、{100}滑动条带构造等,表明该区上地幔岩具高温高应变和低温高应变特征。包体形成的温度T为1016—1098℃,压力P为18.3×108—20.6×108Pa。马关上地幔温压状态具有大洋地幔地温特征,热流值达85mW·m-2。上地幔的流动应力σ为27.9—59.7MPa,流动速率ε为1.37×10-18—2.17×10-16s-1,等效粘滞度η为9.18×1022—6.92×1024Pa·s。该区上地幔的高流动应力、高热状态和裂谷带型的流动速率、等效粘滞度特征,可能与16MaB.P.以来区域性东西向伸展作用有关。     

柴北缘乌兰北部三叠纪辉长岩的年代学和地球化学特征

柴北缘乌兰地区中生代岩浆岩分布广泛，主要出露辉长岩、闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和花岗岩。乌兰北部两件辉长岩样品的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年显示其加权平均年龄分别为（241.9±0.9） Ma和（245.4±1.9） Ma，说明其形成于中三叠世早期。辉长岩的w（SiO₂）为47.94%和52.01%，全碱质量分数较低（ALK为1.25%和1.47%），里特曼指数为0.33和0.26，属钙碱性系列岩石；w（Cr）（1 661.00×10^-6和1 418.00×10^-6）、w（Ni）（394.00×10^-6和280.00×10^-6）和Mg^#值（81和79）极高，具幔源原生玄武岩浆特征。轻、重稀土元素分馏较弱，LREE/HREE为3.92和3.44，无明显负Eu异常，表明未发生明显的岩浆分异作用；富集K、Rb等大离子亲石元素，不同程度地亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素，表现为与俯冲作用相关的弧岩浆岩特征。辉长岩的ε_Hf（t）值（-3.0~9.3）变化较大，暗示来自地幔的基性岩浆中有地壳组分的加入。结合区域地质演化特征研究成果，认为辉长岩形成于古特提斯洋向北俯冲背景下的大陆边缘弧环境，俯冲的洋壳板片脱水产生的流体导致上覆地幔楔部分熔融，形成玄武质岩浆，岩浆上升侵位过程中遭受地壳物质混染或与壳源岩浆发生混合作用。     

内蒙古狼山地区乌花辉长岩的年代学、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成:对地幔源区特征和岩石成因的约束

内蒙古狼山地区乌花辉长岩体主要由橄榄辉长岩和角闪辉长岩组成,其锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测年结果表明,岩体形成于(319.8±1.8)～(325.4±1.6) Ma,属于早石炭世末期岩浆活动的产物。地球化学特征上,乌花辉长岩属低钾钙碱性玄武岩系列,具有较高的Mg^#(多在76.70～80.35之间)、Al₂O₃(13.55%～25.13%)和较低的TiO₂(0.18%～1.35%)。稀土总含量较低(∑REE=8.92×10^-6～40.10×10^-6),稀土元素分馏程度不高,呈现出轻稀土元素(LREE)略微富集、重稀土元素(HREE)相对亏损((La/Yb)_N =1.74～3.06)的特点,Eu呈明显的正异常(δEu=1.156～3.86)。岩石富集Pb和K、Rb、Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素,明显亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th等高场强元素,较低的Zr含量(4.38×10^-6～26.6×10^-6...     

Partial Crystallization of Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts in the Crust and Mantle

Pressures at which partial crystallization occurs for mid-oceanridge basalts (MORB) have been examined by a new petrologicalmethod that is based on a parameterization of experimental datain the form of projections. Application to a global MORB glassdatabase shows that partial crystallization of olivine + plagioclase+ augite ranges from 1 atm to 1·0 GPa, in good agreementwith previous determinations, and that there are regional variationsthat generally correlate with spreading rate. MORB from fast-spreadingcenters display partial crystallization in the crust at ridgesegment centers and in both mantle and crust at ridge terminations.Fracture zones are likely to be regions where magma chambersare absent and where there is enhanced conductive cooling ofthe lithosphere at depth. MORB from slow-spreading centers displayprominent partial crystallization in the mantle, consistentwith models of enhanced conductive cooling of the lithosphereand the greater abundance of fracture zones through which theypass. In general, magmas that move through cold mantle experiencesome partial crystallization, whereas magmas that pass throughhot mantle may be comparatively unaffected. Estimated pressuresof partial crystallization indicate that the top of the partialmelting region is deeper than about 20–35 km below slow-spreadingcenters and some ridge segment terminations at fast-spreadingcenters. KEY WORDS: MORB; olivine gabbro; partial crystallization; partial melting; ridge segmentation; fracture zones; crust; mantle; lithosphere     

甘肃红石山地区泥盆纪—石炭纪有限洋盆重建与蛇绿混杂岩深部结构

采用构造岩相学和构造-古地理单元恢复、AMT、地面高精度磁法等综合方法,对甘肃红石山和邻区泥盆纪—石炭纪有限洋盆进行重建,对红石山蛇绿混杂岩带进行构造岩相学解剖和深部探测。划分出5个构造层,前华里西期、华里西期、印支期、燕山期和喜山期。北部构造带为四顶黑山-雀儿山晚古生代岩浆弧相,中部构造带红石山蛇绿混杂岩带恢复为泥盆纪—石炭纪有限洋盆相+洋壳残片相,南部构造带为白山-狼娃山晚古生代岛弧相。蛇绿岩套从下到上的垂向单元为晚泥盆世—早石炭世变质超镁铁杂岩→堆晶超镁铁-镁铁岩→均质辉长岩和少量的辉绿岩墙→早石炭世扫子山期深水相硅质岩和含炭硅质细碎屑岩（有限洋盆相）。陆缘海相岛弧地体南北两侧为早石炭世扫子山期和白山期浅海相火山岛弧带。哈萨克斯坦板块南缘南向俯冲碰撞在敦煌地块北缘增生楔构造背景下,形成SSZ型蛇绿岩套。红石山构造-蛇绿混杂岩带与周缘地质体具有不同的构造岩相学边界,从北向南具有明显的4个构造岩相学水平分带,中心部位为超基性岩构造岩块单元,以糜棱岩相辉长岩和蛇纹石片岩为包络面的构造岩片（基质单元）,蛇绿混杂岩带总体为无根状大型透镜体。红石山构造-蛇绿混杂岩带将两侧地质体卷入混杂岩带内,这种复杂镶嵌结构的构造岩相体有利于形成大型-超大型斑岩型金铜钼矿床、浅成低温热液金矿床和造山型金矿床。