Interaction of deformation and metamorphism during subduction and exhumation of hydrated oceanic mantle: Insights from the Western Alps

Petrological investigations supported by multi‐scale structural analysis of eclogitized serpentinite in the Zermatt–Saas Zone of the Western Alps allows for the determination of mineral assemblages related to successive fabrics, upon which the P–T–d–t path of these hydrated mantle rocks can be inferred. Serpentinites of the upper Valtournanche, with lenses and dykes of metagabbro and meta‐rodingite, display an Alpine polyphase metamorphic evolution from eclogite to epidote‐amphibolite facies conditions associated with three successive foliations having different parageneses in these rocks. Serpentinite mainly consists of serpentine with minor magnetite; however, where S1 and S2 foliations are pervasive, metamorphic olivine, together with Ti‐clinohumite and clinopyroxene, are also found. The mineral assemblage associated with D1 includes serpentine1, clinopyroxene1, opaque minerals, titanite ± olivine1, Ti‐clinohumite1 and ilmenite; the D2 assemblage is the same (±chlorite) but minerals have different compositions. The assemblage associated with D3 comprises serpentine3, opaque minerals, ±chlorite3, ilmenite and amphibole3. Ti‐clinohumite is associated with veins that are older than D2 and pre‐date D3. Veins that post‐date D3 are characterized by amphibole + chlorite or by serpentine. P–T conditions for S2 parageneses evaluated using two pseudosections for different bulk compositions suggest that these rocks experienced pressures >2.5 ± 0.3 GPa at temperatures slightly higher than 600 °C. The late epidote–amphibolite facies re‐equilibration associated with D3 and D4 developed during late syn‐exhumation deformation related to folding and testifies to a small temperature decrease. These results, which were integrated in the regional framework, suggest that different portions of the Zermatt–Saas Zone registered different P–T peak conditions and underwent different exhumation paths. In addition, the inferred P–T–d–t path suggests that the Valtournanche serpentinites re‐equilibrated close to the UHP conditions registered by the Cignana meta‐cherts. These results imply that tectonic slices exhumed after UHP metamorphism might be wider than previously reported or that small‐size UHP units, tectonically sampled during the Alpine convergence, are more abundant than those that have been detected to date.     

扬子陆块东南缘浙江金华地区青白口纪晚期岛弧岩浆活动——来自富铌辉长岩和高镁闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学证据

为探讨扬子陆块东南缘新元古代岩浆活动的性质,选择浙江金华罗店深成杂岩中的中基性岩石,开展了系统的岩石学、地球化学、同位素地球化学和年代学研究,发现该深成杂岩中存在富铌辉长岩和高镁闪长岩等典型的岛弧地区岩浆岩。富铌辉长岩相对富P_2O_5、Ti O_2和Nb,原始地幔标准化La/Nb1.3,类似于太古宙和古生代富铌玄武岩。采用LA-ICP-MS技术测得高镁闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为848±10Ma,相对富Mg O、低Ti O_2,Mg~#62.5,富Cr而贫Sr、Y和重稀土元素,接近于日本Setouchi火山岩带的中新世高镁安山岩和阿留申西部的Piip型高镁安山岩。而且,二者均富集Rb、Ba、K、Pb等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,εNd(t)+2.92,相应的ISr介于0.70308~0.70474之间,推测二者成因均与俯冲板片部分熔融的熔体交代地幔楔橄榄岩再熔融有关。综合区域地质资料及前人研究成果认为,扬子陆块东南缘至848Ma左右仍存在明显的岛弧岩浆活动,这对认识华南前寒武纪的大地构造格局及其演化具有重要意义。     

扬子陆块东南缘浙江金华地区青白口纪晚期岛弧岩浆活动——来自富铌辉长岩和高镁闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学证据

为探讨扬子陆块东南缘新元古代岩浆活动的性质,选择浙江金华罗店深成杂岩中的中基性岩石,开展了系统的岩石学、地球化学、同位素地球化学和年代学研究,发现该深成杂岩中存在富铌辉长岩和高镁闪长岩等典型的岛弧地区岩浆岩。富铌辉长岩相对富P2O5、TiO2和Nb,原始地幔标准化La/Nb<1.3,类似于太古宙和古生代富铌玄武岩。采用LA-ICP-MS技术测得高镁闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为848±10Ma,相对富MgO、低TiO2,Mg#>62.5,富Cr而贫Sr、Y和重稀土元素,接近于日本Setouchi火山岩带的中新世高镁安山岩和阿留申西部的Piip型高镁安山岩。而且,二者均富集Rb、Ba、K、Pb等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,εNd(t)>+2.92,相应的ISr介于0.70308~0.70474之间,推测二者成因均与俯冲板片部分熔融的熔体交代地幔楔橄榄岩再熔融有关。综合区域地质资料及前人研究成果认为,扬子陆块东南缘至848Ma左右仍存在明显的岛弧岩浆活动,这对认识华南前寒武纪的大地构造格局及其演化具有重要意义。     

中拉萨地块亚热地区早白垩世辉长岩: 班公湖-怒江洋南向俯冲板片断离的岩浆作用响应

为深入认识拉萨地块中北部地区早白垩世构造-岩浆过程,对中拉萨地块西段亚热地区早白垩世辉长岩进行了研究。辉长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为115.5±0.5 Ma。岩石属于拉斑玄武岩系列,具有与洋岛玄武岩（OIB）相似的稀土元素特征,Mg#值（46.07~48.05）、Cr（6.97×10-6~18.5×10-6）和Ni（6.87×10-6~11.2×10-6）元素含量较低,Rb、Ba、K、Sr等大离子亲石元素富集,Th、U和Pb元素呈现明显的正异常,Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、P、Ti等高场强元素表现为负异常,显示具有部分弧火山岩性质;具有正的锆石εHf（t）值（+4.3~+7.9）和较年轻的Hf亏损地幔模式年龄（TDM1=489~614 Ma）。综合分析认为,亚热地区早白垩世辉长岩形成于南向俯冲的班公湖-怒江特提斯洋岩石圈板片断离的构造背景,可能是受近期俯冲板片熔体或超临界流体交代的软流圈地幔部分熔融的产物,并经历了不同程度的分离结晶作用。     

吉林中部敖花村角闪辉长岩锆石U-Pb定年、Hf同位素和岩石地球化学特征

古太平洋板块的俯冲在欧亚大陆东缘的区域构造演化中发挥了重要作用,但其发生的时间尚不清楚。本文报道了吉林中部新发现的敖花村角闪辉长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成和岩石地球化学数据。锆石U-Pb定年显示,角闪辉长岩形成于早侏罗世(180.3±2.3 Ma),锆石εHf(t)值高且均一(9.6～11.3)。岩石地球化学分析显示样品低Si和Al,高Fe、Mg和Ca,富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素(如Rb、Ba、U、K和Sr),亏损重稀土和高场强元素(如Nb、Ta和Ti),具有弱Eu负异常(δEu=0.67～0.98)。岩石起源于板片流体交代的亏损岩石圈地幔,形成过程中分离结晶、地壳混染和堆晶作用不明显。结合东北地区东段早中生代火成岩组合及时空分布,认为古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆下的俯冲开始于早侏罗世,敖花村角闪辉长岩形成于与古太平洋俯冲密切相关的弧后环境。     

赣东北蛇绿岩形成时代及构造环境——樟树墩辉长岩锆石U_Pb年龄、Hf同位素和地球化学约束

赣东北蛇绿岩是华南最重要的前寒武纪蛇绿岩之一,本文对其中的樟树墩辉长岩进行了年代学、岩石地球化学及锆石Hf同位素研究。LA_ICP_MS锆石U_Pb测年结果显示樟树墩辉长岩结晶年龄为1 061±44 Ma,代表了洋盆扩张的年龄,也即赣东北蛇绿岩的形成年龄。单颗粒锆石原位Hf同位素分析得到樟树墩辉长岩εHf(t)=6.22~9.94,平均值为8.10,略低于结晶时亏损地幔值;单阶段亏损地幔Hf模式年龄tDM1为1.21~1.41 Ga,平均为1.28Ga,明显大于成岩年龄1 061 Ma。地球化学及锆石Hf同位素结果显示赣东北蛇绿岩地幔具有E-MORB的特点,表明这些辉长岩起源于未发生大规模熔融的初始地幔,推测赣东北蛇绿岩可能形成于古洋盆初始裂解阶段的洋脊环境,赣东北蛇绿岩为MOR型蛇绿岩。     

加拿大萨德伯里奈恩( Nairn) 铜多金属矿 地球化学特征及意义

[摘 要] 加拿大奈恩(Nairn)工作区位于萨德伯里(Sudbury)镍铜矿集区南西方向约50 km,工作区 内的矿化类型可划分两类:淤产于辉长岩中的铜镍矿化和于产于石英角砾岩中的铜矿化。两种矿石的 微量元素和稀土元素特征较为相似, 高场强元素中富集Th-Zr-Hf 而相对亏损Nb-Ta 等,大离子亲石元 素中富集Rb-U-Pb 而相对亏损Ba-P-Ti 等,稀土元素相对富集轻稀土,轻稀土元素分馏程度明显,而重 稀土元素分馏程度不明显,铈异常不明显,而铕异常变化较大,总体上表现为负异常。上述特征暗示其 物质来源可能相似,结合其矿物组合和本区围岩特征来看, 铜镍矿石主要与中-基性岩浆有关,而石英 角砾岩的铜矿化主要与后期的岩浆热液有关,表明两种矿化类型主要与本区岩浆的结晶分异作用有关, 早期的高温铜镍硫化物随辉长岩中硅酸盐矿物的结晶而后生成,晚期的含矿热液沿构造产生的断层破 碎带迁移并最终充填在构造裂隙中。从奈恩矿区成矿特征来看,本区辉长岩墙与上伏围岩的接触部位, 特别是构造发育或相互交汇处将为最有利的成矿部位。     

The Electrical Conductivity of Gabbro at High Temperature and High Pressure

The electric conductivity of gabbro has been measured at 1.0 - 2.0 GPa and 320-700℃, and the conduction mechanism has been analyzed in terms of the impedance spectra.Experimental results indicated that the electric conductivity depends on the frequency of alternative current. Impedance arcs representing the conduction mechanism of grain interiors are displayed in the complex impedance plane, and the mechanism is dominated at high pressure.These arcs occur over the range of 102 - k× 105 Hz (k is the positive integer from 1 to 9). On the basis of our results and previous work, it is concluded that gabbro cannot form any high conductivity layer (HCL) in the middle-lower crust.     

Testing final closure time of the Paleo-Asian Ocean along the Solonker suture by a transition of compressional and extensional setting

The giant Central Asian Orogenic Belt is an extensive accretionary orogen, of which the Solonker suture, as a major regional suture, coincides closely with an early Permian paleobiogeographical boundary. This suture is considered to mark the location of the final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean between the North China Craton and the Mongolian Terrane. Although the closure time of the Paleo-Asian Ocean along the Solonker suture has generally been regarded as Late Permian–Early Triassic, uncertainty remains because of a lack of typical collision-related features (e.g., high-grade regional metamorphism and well-developed fold–thrust structures) and a scarcity of outcrops.The present study reports Early Permian foliated gabbros and dikes (288–275 Ma) and Middle-Late Permian undeformed layered gabbros, strongly peraluminous granites, and I-type granites (265–254 Ma) in the Xinhure area along the northern margin of the North China Craton. The Early Permian foliated intrusions have a subduction-related geochemical signature and were derived from partial melting of lithospheric mantle modified by subduction-related melts or fluids at the active margin of the North China Craton. In contrast, the Late Permian undeformed layered gabbros and strongly peraluminous granites were derived from partial melting of lithospheric mantle and middle–upper crust, respectively, triggered by asthenospheric upwelling. Therefore, a transition from an end-compressional to an extensional environment according to a transition from collision termination to post-collision of the North China Craton and Mongolian Terrane may have occurred between 275 Ma and 262 Ma. This time span can be considered as the final closure time of the Paleo-Asian Ocean along the Solonker suture.     

西藏西部普兰蛇绿岩中的MOR型辉长岩:岩石学和年代学

西藏普兰蛇绿岩位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带的西段,主要由地幔橄榄岩、辉长岩和玄武岩组成.在拉昂错南侧有一个辉长岩体,面积约1 km2,与其相邻的地幔橄榄岩为侵入接触关系.辉长岩为中细粒辉长结构,块状构造,主要矿物为半自形板柱状基性斜长石和他形-半自形粒状辉石.岩石化学成分显示其具有MOR型岩石特点,表现为中等含量的TiO2(1％～1.77％),低含量的K2O(0.08％～0.21％)和P2O5(0.1％);轻稀土元素(LREE)轻微亏损的近平坦型稀土元素球粒陨石标准化模型,(La/Ce)N、(La/Sm)N和(La/Yb)N等特征比值分别为0.73～0.80、0.44～0.58、0.53～0.65;岩石的高场强元素(HFSE)为相互平行的具有接近1的平坦型分配型式.微量元素的N-MORB标准化图解显示富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)如Rb,高场强元素(HFSE)轻微亏损.辉长岩锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为130±3Ma,指示了普兰蛇绿岩形成的时代,与邻区休古嘎布、东波蛇绿岩的形成时代相一致.