OH-bearing planar defects in olivine produced by the breakdown of Ti-rich humite minerals from Dabie Shan (China)

The partial breakdown of Ti-chondrodite and Ti-clinohumite during exhumation from ultra-high pressure to amphibolite facies conditions in garnet-pyroxenites from Dabie Shan (China) produces coronas of olivine coexisting with ilmenite blebs. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of this newly formed olivine exhibit absorption bands in the hydroxyl-stretching region. Two intense peaks were observed at 3,564 and 3,394 cm⁻¹, identical in energy to peaks in Ti-clinohumite. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the same olivine domains revealed the presence of a complex (001) planar intergrowth. These interlayers have a 1.35 nm repeat distance, which is characteristic of clinohumite. Such interlayers are also enriched in Ti with respect to the adjacent olivine as shown by energy dispersive spectrometry. The combined evidence from FTIR spectroscopy and TEM indicates that OH is incorporated along Ti-clinohumite planar defects. This study provides evidence that the nominally anhydrous phase olivine may contain OH as a humite-type defect beyond the breakdown of the hydrous humite minerals and confirms earlier suggestions that Ti plays a key role in OH incorporation in mantle olivine. We suggest that olivine containing Ti-clinohumite defects is an important phase for water transport in subduction zones and for the storage of water in cold subcontinental mantle. However, these defects are unlikely to be stable in hotter parts of the oceanic mantle such as where basaltic magmas are generated.     

The Occurrence of Forsterite and Highly Oxidizing Conditions in Basaltic Lavas from Stromboli Volcano, Italy

We report the occurrence of unusual, high-magnesium (Fo₉₆) olivinephenocrysts in a basaltic lava and an ejected lithic block fromthe Upper Vancori period (13 ka) and the recent activity (2002–2003)of Stromboli volcano, Italy. The samples that contain this distinctivemineral chemistry are a shoshonitic basalt and a basaltic andesitewith anomalous bulk-rock chemical characteristics in which theiron is highly oxidized (6–8 wt % Fe₂O₃ and <1 wt %FeO). In other respects these samples are similar to the majorityof Stromboli basalts, characterized by the coexistence of olivine,clinopyroxene, plagioclase and Fe–Ti oxides as phenocrysts,and clinopyroxene, plagioclase and Fe–Ti oxides in thegroundmass. In the high-magnesium olivine samples, Fe–Tioxides (pseudobrookite) typically occur as symplectitic intergrowthswith the olivine phenocrysts, indicating simultaneous growthof the two phases. We propose, as a paragenetic model, thatthe Fo₉₆ olivine phenocrysts crystallized from a highly oxidizedbasaltic magma in which most of the iron was in the ferric state;hence, only magnesium was available to form olivine. The highlyoxidized state of the magma reflects sudden degassing of volatilephases associated with instantaneous, irreversible, transientdegassing of the magma chamber; this is postulated to occurduring periods of sudden decompression induced by fracturingof the volcanic edifice associated with paroxysmic activityand edifice collapse. KEY WORDS: Stromboli; Mg-rich olivine; oxygen fugacity; redox state of magmas; irreversible processes     

烟曲霉对蛇纹石和橄榄石的风化作用

含镁硅酸盐矿物是重要自然资源,国内外大都采用传统的化学方法进行开发利用,而微生物法释放含镁硅酸盐矿物中镁和硅的研究还未见报道.试验采用摇瓶培养与对照结合的方法研究烟曲霉(Aspergillusfumigatus)对含镁硅酸盐矿物——蛇纹石和橄榄石的风化作用.试验采用ICP-OES测定第5、10、20、30 d培养液滤液...     

吉林省橄榄石宝石资源勘查开发现状与未来发展

吉林省的橄榄石宝石矿产品，其产量是我国乃至世界上最大的产地之一，产品质量以其天然颗粒大、颜色正、透明度好而闻名，产品主要销往北京、上海、天津、广州、深圳及欧美和东南亚各国。橄榄石宝石作谡主月生辰石，在欧美各国作为生日礼品馈赠，倍受人们的青睐。当今世界已有的橄榄石宝石矿床，如前苏联萨彦-贝加尔、美国科罗拉多、夏威夷等矿因资源危机，大多濒临停产，我国发现与开发最早的河北省张家口地区的汉诺坝大麻坪橄榄石宝石矿也出现资源不足的局面。     

亚稳态橄榄石对俯冲带负浮力的影响及其动力学意义

利用有限元方法,计算了不同俯冲速度及热传导系数俯冲岩石层的负浮力.在h-lt;400km和h-gt;740km的深度范围,低温高密俯冲带的负浮力随深度单调增加.因为尖晶石相到后尖晶石相的相变有负的克兰帕龙斜率,俯冲带冷的物质在660km间断面以下不到100km的深度范围内仍以低密度的低压物质相存在.所以在该深度范围,俯冲带受到了周围地幔阻止其插入下地幔的浮力作用.在400km-lt;h-lt;660km深度范围,由于受橄榄石相变的影响,不同计算模型负浮力随深度的变化有明显的不同.对于可能的相变动力学模型,亚稳态橄榄石的存在使负浮力随深度的增加值减小.其作用是不利于俯冲带直接穿透660km间断面,并引起该深度范围俯冲带沿俯冲方向压应力分布的变化.     

橄榄石位错构造的扫描电子显微镜研究

利用扫描电镜的背散射电子图象(BEI)对玄武岩及金伯利岩所含幔源包体中橄榄石的缀饰位错进行了研究。实验结果表明,位错类型和颗粒边界图象清晰,又便于观察。这种观察位错的方法其分辨率比光学显微镜观察结果约高一个数量级。背散射电子图象位错方法特别适用于研究天然的和实验变形橄榄石的高位错密度和密集型边界,对于确定显微构造的定量参数也十分有利。     

江苏六合方山幔源包体橄榄石的位错构造研究

本研究采用光学显微镜(氧化缀饰)法和透射电子显微镜法,首次查明江苏六合方山玄武岩的包体橄榄石中存在自由位错、位错壁、位错弓弯、位错环、亚晶粒和位错扭折条带等显微、超显微构造,它们是包体橄榄石在上地幔高温、高压条件下发生塑性蠕变的产物,不同位错形态反映主矿物塑性变形的不同状态。根据橄榄石中自由位错密度和包体中辉石的化学成分,估算江苏六合方山地区上地幔某些流变学参数为:温度(t)为1052℃,压力(P)为2060MPa;深度(Z)为66.6km;流动应力(σ_1—σ_3)为51.3MPa;流动速率(ε)为3.6×10~(-14)/s;粘稠应(η)为5.7×10~(21),这些参数值与中国东部其它地区上地幔的同类参数值相接近。     

中国超基性岩变形变质作用与超微构造分析

通过野外及透射电子显微镜（ＴＥＭ）等实验研究与综合分析，认为西准噶尔、祁连山、秦岭、喜马拉雅山、阿拉善和汉诺坝等地区的蛇绿岩型、绿岩型、暗色岩型超基性岩及其主要造岩矿物——橄榄石的结构类型、形成环境、变形、变质作用、位错组态、位错密度、布格氏矢量（ｂ）、滑移系及流动应力值（σ１—σ３）具有一定的共同性与差异性。根据橄榄石变形实验资料分析，有的相当于上地幔条件下高温蠕变阶段所形成，有的则属于进入地壳后低温流变的产物。     

玄武岩中包体橄榄石的分带现象

报道了浙江衢县、福建明溪等地新生代玄武岩中尖晶石(石榴石)二辉馓榄岩包体和捕虏晶中发现的橄榄石成分分带现象。给出了电子探针分析结果,总结并讨论了这种分带的特点、成因以及不同地区之间的差别。