冲击变质陨石橄榄石晶内高压多形转变特征与条件

对2个不同冲击变质程度球粒陨石研究表明,橄榄石晶内高压多形转变可在较低温度(<1000℃)和较大压力范围内(14.5～23GPa)产生。橄榄石晶内高压相转变主要是形成薄层状林伍德石,不发生直接的橄榄石-瓦士利石转变。由微晶集合体组成的薄层状林伍德石多沿着橄榄石中层错和面状裂隙分布并替代母相橄榄石。某些陨石中橄榄石产出薄层状瓦士利石和薄层状林伍德石组合,这些瓦士利石的形成与退变质作用有关,是压力释放过程林伍德石被瓦士利石替代的结果。研究结果对探讨岩石圈俯冲板块橄榄石多形转变环境和温度压力条件具有一定的参考意义。     

双辽火山活动与松辽盆地南部无机CO_2气藏的成因联系——来自火山岩中流体-熔融包裹体的证据

针对松辽盆地南部的双辽火山群中碱性玄武岩及包含其中的地幔捕掳体的普通薄片鉴定、岩石地球化学分析、流体包裹体显微岩相学和激光拉曼光谱分析,研究表明:双辽火山岩以碱性橄榄玄武岩为主,玄武岩中的地幔捕掳体比较发育;对玄武岩斑晶以及地幔捕掳体中的流体-熔融包裹体测试显示玄武岩中的橄榄石斑晶和地幔捕掳体中的流体-熔融包裹体十分发育,其成分主要是CO2,此外还含有少量的CO,CH4,N2和H2O,与上地幔中的自由流体相组分一致。松辽盆地南部的CO2气藏主要是幔源-岩浆成因,成藏时间较晚,主要在新生代,与双辽火山活动的时间接近。尽管双辽火山活动规模较小,但是具有很强的释出CO2的能力,这些富含CO2和H2O的碱性玄武质岩浆很可能并未喷出地表,而是沿着深大断裂进入盆地内部,从而成为松南无机CO2气藏气源体之一。     

钙长辉长无球粒陨石NWA 11592的岩石矿物学特征及富铁橄榄石脉成因研究

灶神星是太阳系最大的硅酸盐质小行星,它的岩石样品(HED族陨石)是目前太阳系最古老的岩浆岩之一,很有可能记录了类地行星最早期地质流体活动的重要信息。本次工作首次在一块非角砾岩平衡型的Eucrite NWA 11592中发现了较粗长的富铁橄榄石脉。通过对NWA 11592陨石进行详细的岩相学和地球化学特征研究,将NWA 11592陨石划为玄武质非角砾岩型Eucrite,冲击变质程度至少为S4,热变质程度为6型。NWA 11592中富铁橄榄石脉最有可能为含H₂O流体沿裂隙的沉淀产物,反应系统应是开放且较为氧化的(f_O2达IW+0.9),且应发生在灶神星浅层地壳> 4 km的埋藏深度。含H₂O流体渗透作用除更多地发生在灶神星表面或近地表外,还有可能发生在灶神星内部的浅层地壳中。     

Exsolution Lamellae in Olivine Grains of Dunite Units from Different Types of Mafic‐Ultramafic Complexes

Exsolution microstructures in olivine grains from dunite units in a few selected tectonic environments are reported here. They include lamellae of clinopyroxene and clinopyroxene-magnetite intergrowth in the Gaositai and Yellow Hill Alaskan-type complexes, clinopyroxene-magnetite intergrowth in the K?z?lda? ophiolite, and chromite lamellae in the Hongshishan mafic-ultramafic intrusive complex. These lamellae commonly occur as needle-or rod-like features and are oriented in olivine grains. The host olivine grains have Fo contents of 92.5–92.6 in the Gaositai complex, 86.5–90.1 in the Yellow Hill complex, 93.2–93.4 in the K?z?lda? ophiolite and 86.9–88.3 in the Hongshishan complex. Clinopyroxene in the rod-like intergrowth exsolved in olivine grains in the Gaositai and Yellow Hill is diopside with similar major element compositions of Ca O(23.6–24.3 wt%), SiO_2(52.2–54.0 wt%), Al_2O_3(0.67–2.15 wt%), Cr_2O_3(0.10–0.42 wt%) and Na_2O(0.14–0.26 wt%). It falls into the compositional field of hydrothermal clinopyroxene and its origin is thus probably related to reaction between dunite and fluids. The enrichment of the fluids in Ca~(2+), Fe~(3+), Cr~(3+) and Na+, resulted in elevated concentrations of these cations in olivine solid solutions via the reaction. With decreasing temperature, the olivine solid solutions altered to an intergrowth of magnetite and clinopyroxene. The Fe~(3+) and Cr~(3+) preferentially partitioned into magnetite, while Ca~(2+) and Na+ entered clinopyroxene. Since the studied Alaskan-type complexes and ophiolite formed in a subduction environment, the fluids were probably released from the subducted slab. In contrast, the exsolved chromite in olivine grains from the Hongshishan complex that formed in post-orogenic extension setting can be related to olivine equilibrated with Cr-bearing liquid. Similarly, these lamellae have all been observed in serpentine surrounding olivine grains, indicating genetic relations with serpentinization.     

东乌旗中铁陨石硅酸盐地球化学特征及对成因的启示

东乌旗中铁陨石为1995年在内蒙发现的、为数不多的降落型中铁陨石,由金属—硫化物和硅酸盐相紧密混合而成。硅酸盐相由角砾部分（主要为角砾状橄榄石和辉长岩岩屑）和非角砾部分组成。岩相学特征、主量元素成分及REE地球化学特征表明角砾状橄榄石、非角砾橄榄石和辉长质硅酸盐（辉长岩岩屑和除橄榄石外的非角砾部分）三者可能分别结晶自不同的岩浆源区。进一步的分析表明Mg含量非常高的角砾状橄榄石可能来自一个分异小行星的橄榄岩质地幔,非角砾橄榄石和辉长质硅酸盐可能和HED陨石具有相同的母体Vesta小行星。冲击碰撞导致两个小行星的物质发生了混合。冲击作用产生的高温（约1200℃—1450℃）使得被撞击小行星表壳玄武质和辉长质岩石发生混合重熔,熔体结晶后形成中铁陨石的辉长质硅酸盐。该温度下非角砾橄榄石和角砾状橄榄石均未发生重熔。该模型较好地解释了角砾状橄榄石、非角砾橄榄石和辉长质硅酸盐三者之间的不平衡现象。     

A New Single Vacuum Furnace Design for Cosmogenic 3He Dating

Helium‐3 is a stable cosmogenic isotope that can be used to determine the time interval during which a rock sample has been at or close to the Earth’s surface. As a result of the high production rate of ‘cosmogenic’³He (≈ 130 at g^?1 year^?1) and the low detection limit of modern mass spectrometers, it is possible to date exceptionally young surfaces (≈ 1000 years). The precision and accuracy of cosmogenic ³He measurements depend critically on the passive helium blank (produced by the metalwork of the extraction furnace) which can be significant relative to the sample signals. We have developed and constructed, at the CRPG (Nancy, France), a new high temperature furnace (< 1500 °C) to extract helium in minerals such as apatite, pyroxene and olivine at 1050, 1350 and 1450 °C, respectively. The furnace demonstrated an excellent helium extraction yield (> 99% for olivine and pyroxene for heating times of 20–30 min and temperatures in the range 1050–1450 °C) and low residual helium contributions (the blank, obtained under the same analytical conditions as for sample extraction: 1 × 10^?15 mole ⁴He and < 4 × 10^?21 mole ³He). This is approximately an order of magnitude lower than those reported by other laboratories using conventional furnaces.