Exchange flow of oil and sea-water in a ruptured submarine pipeline

The rupture of a submarine oil pipeline starts various mechanisms leading to an oil spill. Among these mechanisms the leakage of oil driven by the difference in specific gravities of oil and sea-water is difficult to estimate. A simple mathematical model has been developed and laboratory experiments have been carried out to obtain an insight into the density-driven exchange flow and to determine the leak rate. The mathematical model is predictive and takes account of the effects of friction, inclination of the pipeline, and inertia of the fluid. The experiments were done in a horizontal model pipeline. Theoretical and experimental results are in satisfactory agreement.     

埕岛油田海上石油平台基础冲刷研究

海洋石油平台的建立会改变平台周围的水动力条件，其中平台的基础及与之连接的海底管缆(输油管道、注水管道、海底电缆等)附近产生冲刷现象，对平台和海底管缆的安全造成威胁。根据对研究区典型平台的4次实洲水深并结合以往资料，分析了埕岛油田海上石油平台基础冲刷的过程及其规律。     

基于GIS数据仓库的激光单分子海洋油气化探数据可视化处理

采用基于地理信息系统(GIS)的数据仓库技术,以激光单分子海洋油气化探数据处理与评价作为数据仓库主题,实现了激光单分子海洋油气化探数据的可视化处理。将可视化处理分为4个步骤:数据预处理、异常背景分析、异常分析、异常综合评价;使用MAPX、DELPHI等软件研制开发了相应的可视化软件模块。通过对渤海湾盆地某测区实测的甲苯化探数据的处理,验证了所开发技术的实用性。     

近海海洋石油平台导管架喷涂金属层防腐

锌、铝及其合金涂层对钢铁的防护，不仅对阴极起保护作用(Gartland，1987)， 对涂层本身也具有良好的抗腐蚀性能。此外，涂层中金属微粒表面形成的致密氧化膜，也起到了防腐蚀的作用。在不同大气环境下，锌、铝有良好的耐蚀性，其腐蚀速率比钢铁要低得多(李言涛，1998)。采用热喷涂锌、铝及其合金涂层对钢铁构件和构筑物进行长效防护早在20世纪20年代就已开始应用，至今仍是普遍采用的防护措施，并在继续发展(李守本等，1989)。20年代初，法国首先用于海水闸门的防腐；40年代美国用于墨西哥湾的海上井架和海上输油管以及舰船的防腐；60年代英、法、德等国海军将这一技术扩大应用到舰船的上部结构和船壳。而金属热喷涂技术在海洋工程中使用非常有限，第一次使用热喷铝涂层防护近海平台的实例是Conoco公司在北海的Murchison结构上的锥形塔，并且已获得了4a良好的使用效能(Fisher et al.，1987；Shaw et al.，1985)。1984年6月，Hutton张力支柱平台(TLP)在北海下水(水深148 m)安装。系链、升降机和锥形塔均采用火焰热喷涂技术喷涂铝涂层进行防护(Tyson，1985)。1992年6月，Hotton平台使用8a后，对升降机绳索进行观察，在飞溅区没有发现腐蚀现象，也没有检测到褐色渗漏效应(Fisher et al.，1995)。     

Experimental Study on Friction Coefficient Between Concrete and the Top Surface of Rubble Mound Foundation

Experimental studies on the friction coefficient between concrete and the top surface of a rubble mound foundation in China are reviewed. Through comparison of different test results, the development of this research is comprehensively analyzed. An experiment is carried out in the condition similar to prototype. The process curve of friction coefficient with the test block sliding is analyzed and a standard for determination of the friction coetfficient is defined. The variation features of the friction coefficient are analyzed on the basis of the present experimental results and other studies in China. It is shown that the friction coettfficient between concrete and the top surface of a rubble mound foundation decreases with the increase of the foundation pressure, and the friction coettqcient for a very fine leveling bed is smaller than that for a fine leveling bed.     

南海北缘东部盆地油气资源研究

南海北缘东部的珠江口盆地及台西南盆地蕴藏着十分丰富的油气资源，根据区域构造背景、盆地发育分布的特点及中、新生代的油气地质条件，结合含油气构造、油气田、油气井的分布规律，利用油气资源评价的理论、方法，对区内的油气资源进行了综合研究，并按照油气资源状况划分出油气富集区、油气潜力区、油气远景区，在此基础上，再进一步划分出4条油气富集带、11条油气潜力带、8条油气远景带，充分显示了该区石油、天然气的分布规律和油气地质特点，为商业性的勘探开发和理论研究奠定了基础。     

Design of Mooring System for Oil Storage Vessels

The floating oil storage system has been proposed as a new facility for Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) in China. Mooring is one of the key technologies to ensure the safety, reliability, and performance of the oil storage system. This paper describes the concept, analysis, design and reliability of the mooring system. For mooring system design of these oil vessels, analysis is essential of the behavior of the vessel in connection with mooring facilities of nonlinear resilience. A nonlinear mathematical model for analyzing a moored vessel is established and solved. Some results of numerical simulations are presented. Assessment of the safety regarding the mooring system in terms of failure probability is carried out. Another simulation model for calculating the failure probability of the mooring system is proposed. The design parameters that have an influence on the characteristics of the failure probability have been identified. The simulation results show that the mooring system has an annual reliab     

Experimental Study on Stability of Breakwaters with Penetrating Box Foundations

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深层搅拌法在超软弱港口地基上的工程应用

某港口堆场地基上部5．0m系吹填而成，地表下18m范围均属软土，经真空预压初级加固后地基承载力仅在80—90kPa，局部区域上部淤泥土层土性指标较差，含水量大于50％，地基承载力不足60kPa。为了使地基达到230kPa的承载要求，设计采用深层搅拌法加固超软弱地基。通过现场成桩工艺试验和检测表明，桩身水泥土强度在90d龄期时大于1．80MPa，单桩承载力标准值大于150kN，以φ600桩径、桩长13．5m、置换率为0．308和φ500桩径、桩长13．5m、置换率为0．267两种方案布置的复合地基承载力标准值均超过了230kPa的设计要求。试验结果表明，深层搅拌法在港口超软弱地基土应用只要施工工艺适当，完全可以使地基承载力提高2—3．5倍以土，从而节省大量的工程投资。