数据分析法确定嶂山闸闸基渗透压力

闸基渗透压力是影响水闸闸室稳定的关键性因素。当水闸同时受到上下游水位差、基底承压水头、粘性土地基扬压力滞后等多重因素作用时 ,闸基渗透压力的估算就变得比较困难。通过对嶂山闸闸基历年实测渗透压力数据进行统计分析 ,初步揭示其基底渗透压力的变化规律 ,为该闸闸室稳定性分析提供依据。     

“十三五”期间中国探矿权及地质勘查投资时空演变

基于详细的统计数据,从时间、空间、结构等多个纬度,对中国探矿权及地质勘查投资情况进行了时间序列、因素相关性等对比分析和综合研究,为政府管理部门制定政策和规划提供参考依据。通过研究,揭示了影响探矿权及地质勘查投资的主要因素、底层逻辑和发展规律,并认为受国内外宏观经济增速放缓、地缘政治等因素影响,特别是国内相关产业政策、生态和环境保护压力,“十三五”期间中国探矿权数、地质勘查投入和新发现矿产地持续大幅度减少。“十三五”期间,新立探矿权同比减少52.1%,注销探矿权数是“十二五”期间的3.7倍多。油气矿产的探矿权登记面积和地质勘查投资分别占全国的96%和77.6%;非油气矿产探矿权数占全国的90%以上,有近60%的非油气探矿权在西部地区;非油气地质勘查投资中,水工环及科技等投资额占居半壁江山。预计中国在能源矿产、战略性矿产等勘查领域将增加勘查投入,地质勘查投资将于2024年后逐渐走出低谷。     

A new theoretical solution of the effect of atmospheric pressure on water level

Based on the partial differential equation governing the effect of atmospheric pressure on water level of confined well, deriving the boundary condition and considering the seepage water between well and aquifer, the author obtained the analytical solution of water level change in time domain under the action of an atmospheric pressure history with the Laplace transform method. This solution is composed of two terms:stable and retarded terms. The stable term is the multiplication of barometric efficiency and simultaneous atmospheric pressure, and it implies the value of water level after infinite time when the atmospheric pressure is a constant from the time in question. The retarded term is the transient process due to the time lag of water exchange between well and aquifer. From the solution, it is obtained that the interference of atmospheric pressure on water level is the integral superimposition of the contribution of all atmospheric pressure changes before the time in question. So that, we further found out the response function of pulsive atmospheric pressure history. Calculation shows: (1) The pulsive response function starts from zero and tends to a steady value, which is proportional to the barometric efficiency, when the time tends to infinity; (2) The retarded time depends on the mechanical property of aquifer and the radius of well. The larger the seepage coefficient, the smaller the radius of well and the thicker the aquifer, then the shorter the retarded time gets. This solution can be used as the theoretical basis for further analysis of the atmospheric effect and practical correcting method in the future.     

Characteristics of China’s oil and gas pool formation in latest geological history

The structural activities took place extensively in the Asia continent during the Cenozoic era owing to the strong continent-to-continent collision and continuous compression between the India Plate and the Eurasia Plate. Huang Jiqing called such structural activities Himalayan movement. China’s sedimentary basins developed and took shape mainly during the Himalayan movement period. It is also the main period for formation and development of the oil and gas reservoirs. Of 366 large and medium-sized oil and gas fields currently found in China, 212 reservoirs were formed in the Neogene-Quaternary period. The proportion is as high as 68.2%. The oil and gas migration and accumulation in the latest geological period, which were controlled by the times, properties, styles and strength of the Himalayan movement, took place mainly in eight regions, such as the low uplift area of Bohai Sea, the onshore faulted sag area of Bohai Bay, anticlinorium zone in Daqing, the foreland fold-and-thrust belt in West China, the tilted structural zone in West China, the cratonic palaeohigh in the Tarim Basin, the zone of fault and fold belt in the East Sichuan Basin, and the biological gas zone in the East Qaidam Basin. The oil and gas pool formations in those regions have their own characteristics. With the great potential and broad prospect, those regions are the main exploration areas in China in the future.     

Book Reviews

Committee on Protection and Management of Pacific Northwest Anadromous Salmonids Upstream: Salmon and Society in the Pacific Northwest Cook, Ian G; Doel, Marcus A. and Li, Rex (eds.) Fragmented Asia: Regional Integration and National Disintegration in Pacific Asia Crush, Jonathan Power of Development de Blij, H. J., and Muller, Peter O. Physical Geography of the Global Environment Hayward, David J. International Trade and Regional Economies: The Impacts of European Integration on the United States Kennedy, Michael The Global Positioning System and GIS: An Introduction Lowe, Philip; Marsden, Terry and Whatmore, Sarah (eds) Regulating Agriculture Marsden, Terry; Lowe, Philip and Whatmore, Sarah (eds) Labour and Locality: Uneven Development and the Rural Labour Process Marsden, Terry; Lowe, Philip and Whatmore, Sarah (eds) Rural Restructuring: Global Processes and Their Responses Whatmore, Sarah; Marsden, Terry and Lowe, Philip (eds) Gender and Rurality Whatmore, Sarah; Marsden, Terry and Lowe, Philip (eds) Rural Enterprise: Shifting Perspectives on Small-Scale Production Martopo, Sugeng and Mitchell, Bruce (eds) Bali: Balancing Environment, Economy and Culture Ould-Mey, Mohameden Global Restructuring and Peripheral States: The Carrot and the Stick in Mauritania Redclift, Michael and Benton, Ted (eds) Social Theory and the Global Environment Thomas–Slayter, Barbara and Rocheleau, Dianne Gender, Environment, and Development in Kenya: A Grassroots Perspective Wallach, Bret Losing Asia: Modernization and the Culture of Development Wennberg, John E. Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care Wilson, David and Huff, James O. (eds) Marginalized Places and Populations: A Structurationist Agenda     

宁夏扬黄灌溉对土壤环境的影响

本文在对宁夏扬黄灌区的同心县河草沟村的调查取样基础上 ,通过对灌溉地土壤灌溉前后以及灌溉地土壤与非灌溉地土壤之间的比较 ,分析了扬黄灌溉后 ,灌区土壤在盐分含量、土壤颗粒组成、土壤养分和土壤微量元素含量等方面的变化 ,以及这些变化对土壤沙化、土壤盐渍化和土壤环境质量等的影响。结果表明 ,扬黄灌溉在一定程度上抑制了土壤沙化 ,改善了表层土壤的盐分状况 ,提高了土壤肥力 ,但并没有彻底消除土壤盐渍化的潜在危害 ,也部分造成了土壤环境质量的下降。     

Planning for growth in a natural resource boomtown: challenges for urban planners in Fort McMurray,Alberta

Between 2000 and 2010, the population of the city of Fort McMurray, Alberta increased by 80%, mainly due to the expansion of oil extraction projects and subsidiary industries. Population growth of this magnitude has significant consequences for city planning. While Fort McMurray struggles to keep up with enormous numbers of in-migrants, the cost of living in the city has skyrocketed. Using interviews with city planners and field experience in the city, in this paper I examine the current challenges faced by urban planners in Fort McMurray against the backdrop of global economic decision-making, corporate influence, and commodity dynamics. While the recession of 2008 gave city planners some breathing room, they still struggle with gathering accurate census information and predicting population growth, providing affordable housing, and balancing short-range planning with their long-term goals. Attempts by city planners to address these challenges could provide a contemporary model for urban planning in rapidly growing, resource-dependent communities.     

德州市临盘采油区地面沉降监测

济南市的鹊山上设立了3块岩层水准标石的原点组。使用美国Tri mble Di Ni 12电子水准仪和条码式铟钢水准标尺施测一等精密水准82.2 km,二等精密水准30.8 km,联测各类水准点35个。对观测结果进行统计与分析表明,在临盘采油区(以后仓西北采油四队LY18为中心)形成了一个较明显的沉降区域,年沉降量为54.3 mm。建议在其周边增埋地面观测标石,进行加密观测,以掌握其变化规律。     

下扬子复杂构造区超高压含气层的发现及油气富集关键要素

下扬子地区的构造复杂性使该地区油气勘探存在极大的难度和风险,如何在复杂构造区取得油气勘探突破是近年关注的焦点。2019年皖为页1井在下扬子无为凹陷三叠系周冲村组首次发现2套异常高压含天然气层,最高地层压力系数达1.9,取得下扬子油气调查的重大突破性进展,为下扬子油气勘探困局打开了一扇窗口。基于该超压含气层的新发现,综合研究表明,无为凹陷天然气富存得益于4个关键控制要素的有机组合：①深层稳定基底;②对冲过渡带原地体;③深水裂陷黑色页岩有利相带;④多套膏盐有利封盖等。为无为凹陷提供了稳定构造背景、良好构造保存、有利烃源岩及优质盖层等条件。上述地质要素同样有利于该凹陷二叠系页岩气富集,由此提出了构造复杂区三叠系常规天然气与二叠系页岩气一井双探的新思路。上述关键4个要素在下扬子区域上的配置关系显示,望江凹陷与无为凹陷具有相似的地质条件,是下一步油气勘探的首选有利区。     

土石坝边坡稳定性分析的温控参数折减有限元法

将土石坝渗流的有限元计算和坝坡稳定分析的强度折减有限元法相结合,对土石坝坝坡的稳定性进行分析。考虑渗流作用时,首先采用有限元法计算坝体渗流场,通过迭代计算出稳定渗流的逸出点和浸润线位置,并根据水力梯度计算坝体所受的渗透力;然后将渗流分析所确定的渗流力与土体自重、浮力、地震力等荷载共同施加在坝体上,采用温控参数折减有限元法计算土石坝坝坡的临界失稳状态及其所对应的安全系数。分析结果表明,采用此方法进行土石坝坝坡稳定分析是合理的,且大大提高了计算效率