Characteristics of China’s oil and gas pool formation in latest geological history

The structural activities took place extensively in the Asia continent during the Cenozoic era owing to the strong continent-to-continent collision and continuous compression between the India Plate and the Eurasia Plate. Huang Jiqing called such structural activities Himalayan movement. China’s sedimentary basins developed and took shape mainly during the Himalayan movement period. It is also the main period for formation and development of the oil and gas reservoirs. Of 366 large and medium-sized oil and gas fields currently found in China, 212 reservoirs were formed in the Neogene-Quaternary period. The proportion is as high as 68.2%. The oil and gas migration and accumulation in the latest geological period, which were controlled by the times, properties, styles and strength of the Himalayan movement, took place mainly in eight regions, such as the low uplift area of Bohai Sea, the onshore faulted sag area of Bohai Bay, anticlinorium zone in Daqing, the foreland fold-and-thrust belt in West China, the tilted structural zone in West China, the cratonic palaeohigh in the Tarim Basin, the zone of fault and fold belt in the East Sichuan Basin, and the biological gas zone in the East Qaidam Basin. The oil and gas pool formations in those regions have their own characteristics. With the great potential and broad prospect, those regions are the main exploration areas in China in the future.     

柴达木盆地东南部土壤风蚀研究

柴达木盆地东南部土壤风蚀风洞模拟实验结果表明,土壤风蚀强度随风力作用和下垫面因子不同而不同。净风对土壤风蚀作用较小,但在挟沙风作用下,风蚀强烈。地表类型不同风蚀强度变化很大,流动沙地是耕地(小麦留茬)的数百倍。土壤质地不同起沙风速不同,细沙和极细沙比例越高风蚀量越大。翻耕地与未翻耕地风蚀变化悬殊,翻耕地风蚀量是未翻耕地的10倍以上。自然植被和人为留茬均有抑制风蚀的作用。     

半荒漠风沙区土地沙漠化生物整治技术的研究

试验证明,土地沙漠化生物整治技术能在半荒漠风沙区取得显著的作用和效果。在柠条、毛条、花棒、杨柴、沙木蓼等灌木树种的适生立地上营造防风固沙林,林后3~4年,灌木就可郁闭成林,流动沙丘完全被控制变为固定沙丘;林下植被结构得以改善,优良品种增多,如能合理开发其饲料等用途,还具有十分可观的经济效益。     

无灌溉人工固沙区土壤有机碳及氮含量变异的初步结论

对降水量小于200mm的沙坡头无灌溉条件下人工植被固沙区土壤有机碳和全氮含量变异进行研究。结果表明, 流沙在固定过程中, 人工植被固沙体系的营建改善了成土环境, 促进了生物地球化学循环, 使土壤碳、氮的含量和分布规律发生了变化: ①固沙区土壤有机碳和全氮含量及C/N均高于流沙区, 随土层深度增加土壤有机碳和全氮含量呈逐渐降低趋势, 而C/N呈逐渐升高趋势; ②不同年限固沙区间土壤有机碳、全氮含量及C/N变异小于土层垂直方向的变异; ③不同年限固沙区土层垂直方向土壤有机碳和全氮含量及C/N变异较大, 变异主要存在于结皮层及其下土层(0~5cm); ④流沙区土壤碳、氮含量及C/N低于固沙区, 而且在土层垂直方向上基本无变异。     

Sand harm in Taklimakan Desert highway and sand control

Reputed as a wonderful achievement of the world's highway construction history, the Taklimakan Desert highway is now facing serious sand drift encroachment problems due to its 447- km-long passage of sand sea consisting of crescent dunes, barchan chains, compound transverse dune ridges and complex megadunes. To solve some technical problems in the protection of the highway from sand drift encroachment, desert experts have been conducting the theoretical and applied studies on sand movement laws; causes, severities and time-space differentiation of sand drift damages; and control ways including mechanical, chemical and biological measures. In this paper the authors give an overall summary on the research contents and recent progress in the control of sand drift damages in China and hold that the theoretical research results and practices in the prevention of sand drift encroachment on the cross-desert highway represent a breakthrough and has an epoch-making significance. Since the construction of protective forest along the cross-desert highway requires large amount of ground water, what will be its environmental consequence and whether it can effectively halt sand drift encroachment on the highway forever are the questions to be studied urgently.     

Planning for growth in a natural resource boomtown: challenges for urban planners in Fort McMurray,Alberta

Between 2000 and 2010, the population of the city of Fort McMurray, Alberta increased by 80%, mainly due to the expansion of oil extraction projects and subsidiary industries. Population growth of this magnitude has significant consequences for city planning. While Fort McMurray struggles to keep up with enormous numbers of in-migrants, the cost of living in the city has skyrocketed. Using interviews with city planners and field experience in the city, in this paper I examine the current challenges faced by urban planners in Fort McMurray against the backdrop of global economic decision-making, corporate influence, and commodity dynamics. While the recession of 2008 gave city planners some breathing room, they still struggle with gathering accurate census information and predicting population growth, providing affordable housing, and balancing short-range planning with their long-term goals. Attempts by city planners to address these challenges could provide a contemporary model for urban planning in rapidly growing, resource-dependent communities.     

沙丘不同部位土壤呼吸对人工降水的响应

 利用LI-8100土壤呼吸测量仪,对古尔班通古特沙漠南缘阜康北部地区沙丘不同部位（坡底、坡中、坡顶）的土壤呼吸速率进行了测量,探讨了沙丘不同部位土壤呼吸速率对降雨的响应,分析了土壤水分和土壤温度对土壤呼吸速率的影响。结果表明:①沙丘不同部位土壤呼吸速率的日变化呈“双峰曲线”,而增雨处理后,土壤呼吸速率的日变化曲线大部分转变为“单峰曲线”。②增雨处理增加了沙丘不同部位土壤呼吸速率的变化幅度、平均值和极差,推后了土壤呼吸速率最大值到来的时间。③土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度的相关性对降雨表现出积极的响应,降雨改变了土壤温度的日变化曲线类型,提高了土壤温度与土壤呼吸速率的相关系数。④非增雨处理时,沙丘坡底、坡中和坡顶的土壤呼吸速率与土壤水分的相关性系数均较高,而增雨处理后,土壤呼吸速率与土壤水分的相关系数有所下降,仅坡中的相关系数通过了α=0.01的显著性检验。     

基于缓解沙漠高速公路风沙危害的路基参数优化——以榆靖高速公路为例

在沙漠地区修筑高速公路时,风沙对公路路基的危害是公路安全和运营的最大影响因子之一。为了寻求最适合沙漠地区高速公路风沙危害最经济的理论路基断面形式,通过对榆（林）靖（边）沙漠高速公路各种路基实测数据应用数学模型进行定量分析,查明了影响路基沙害程度的主要参数,提出了减少路基沙害程度的设计理念,并对不同路基形式的沙害程度进行了比较,给出了路基沙害程度较小的路基断面形式及参数值。研究成果对今后在沙漠地区修筑高速公路设计及施工具有一定的指导意义。     

风沙物理学中两个焦点问题研究现状与未来研究思路刍议

风沙物理学经过数十年的发展与完善,可以说基本上自成体系。但由于学科的起步较晚,加之现象的复杂性,目前仍有很多重要的理论问题没能彻底解决,至少还未达成共识,成为学术界长期以来争论的焦点,从而影响了学科的继续发展。对“沙粒起动机制”和“风成沙纹的形成机理”两个焦点问题在进行研究现状剖析的基础上,浅析未来研究思路。提出沙粒起动主要驱动力是驻点升力的观点,以空气动力学理论为基础的沙粒起动机制研究将是未来该领域的发展趋势;关于沙纹的形成,认为沙粒粒径的不均匀性以及所导致的非平衡运动是前提和基础,风沙流运动过程中类似左右沙丘运动的蚀积转换规律是使沙纹能够维持其稳定形态的必要条件,而沙纹有规律、整齐划一的分布与排列可能与背风面气流小尺度的涡流有关。     

东昆仑德尔尼铜矿喷流岩——铁硅质岩的发现及其成矿意义

德尔尼地区的“炭质(砂)板岩”是一个使用了30多年的岩石名称,前人把这类岩石当作与成矿并无任何关系的一种沉积岩。本次工作发现并证实这类岩石进一步可分为2种：一种为陆源碎屑岩,即正常沉积岩——炭质(砂)板岩,与成矿无直接关系;另一种为海底喷流作用形成的一种喷流岩——铁硅质岩。由此推断德尔尼大型铜(钴)矿床,是一个以海底喷流-沉积成矿为主体的后期有叠加成矿的多期成矿作用形成的矿床。这在德尔尼地区寻找该类矿床有重要的理论意义和指导意义。