渤南凹陷渤深6块潜山储层描述技术

渤深6块潜山储层位于沾化拗陷渤南凹陷北部,埋藏深度4100~4900 m,储层发育及成藏规律复杂。为了高效开发渤深6块,必须引进和优化潜山油藏描述技术,然后根据自身特点选择优化并创新使用。采用地震资料目标处理、叠前深度偏移、高精度三维地震采集处理解释等基础资料处理技术;用多井地震合成记录综合标定、变速成图等技术准确描述潜山形态。多井采用了斯伦贝谢成相、核磁共振测井、多尺度边缘检测平面预测等先进技术,最后根据录井、测井等多项信息进行综合判识并量化。应用结果表明,渤深6块15口新井全部钻遇设计油层,且均自喷生产,投产平均产油能力84 t/d,产气5×104m3/d,油藏开发效果好。     

靖安油田盘古梁长6油藏地质建模研究

建立能正确反映靖安油田盘古梁长6油藏地质特征的地质模型,通过对地层格架、沉积微相、骨架砂体、物性参数和储层非均质性的分析研究,借助GMSS地质建模软件,建立了确定型精细三维地质模型。所建立的构造、砂体、属性参数模型对该油藏的地质特征有了进一步认识,为油藏的高效开发提供了依据。     

Formation waters discharge to rivers near oil sands projects

Groundwater discharges in the western Canadian oil sands region impact river water quality. Mapping groundwater discharges to rivers in the oil sands region is important to target water quality monitoring efforts and to ensure injected wastewater and steam remain sequestered rather than eventually resurfacing. Saline springs composed of Pleistocene‐aged glacial meltwater exist in the region, but their spatial distribution has not been mapped comprehensively. Here we show that formation waters discharge into 3 major rivers as they flow through the Athabasca Oil Sands Region adjacent to many active oil sands projects. These discharges increase river chloride concentrations from river headwaters to downstream reaches by factors of ~23 in the Christina River, ~4 in the Clearwater River, and ~5 in the Athabasca River. Our survey provides further evidence for the substantial impact of formation water discharges on river water quality, even though they comprise less than ~2% of total streamflow. Geochemical evidence supporting formation water discharges as the leading control on river salinity include increases in river chloride concentrations, Na/(Na + Ca) ratios, Cl/(Cl + SO₄) ratios and decreases in ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios; each mixing trend is consistent with saline groundwater discharges sourced from Cretaceous or Devonian aquifers. These regional subsurface‐to‐surface connections signify that injected wastewater or steam may potentially resurface in the future, emphasizing the critical importance of mapping groundwater flow paths to understand present‐day streamflow quality and to predict the potential for injected fluids to resurface.     

Urban stream temperature patterns: Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the Philadelphia region,Pennsylvania, USA

Stream temperature is a critical water quality parameter that is not fully understood, particularly in urban areas. This study explores drivers contributing to stream temperature variability within an urban system, at 21 sites within the Philadelphia region, Pennsylvania, USA. A comprehensive set of temperature metrics were evaluated, including temperature sensitivity, daily maximum temperatures, time >20°C, and temperature surges during storms. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were the strongest driver of downstream temperature variability along 32 km in Wissahickon Creek. WWTP effluent temperature controlled local (1–3 km downstream) temperatures year-round, but the impacts varied seasonally: during winter, local warming of 2–7°C was consistently observed, while local cooling up to 1°C occurred during summer. Summer cooling and winter warming were detected up to 12 km downstream of a WWTP. Comparing effects from different WWTPs provided guidelines for mitigating their thermal impact; WWTPs that discharged into larger streams, had cooler effluent, or had lower discharge had less effect on stream temperatures. Comparing thermal regimes in four urban headwater streams, sites with more local riparian canopy had cooler maximum temperatures by up to 1.5°C, had lower temperature sensitivity, and spent less time at high temperatures, although mean temperatures were unaffected. Watershed-scale impervious area was associated with increased surge frequency and magnitude at headwater sites, but most storms did not result in a surge and most surges had a low magnitude. These results suggest that maintaining or restoring riparian canopy in urban settings will have a larger impact on stream temperatures than stormwater management that treats impervious area. Mitigation efforts may be most impactful at urban headwater sites, which are particularly vulnerable to stream temperature disruptions. It is vital that stream temperature impacts are considered when planning stormwater management or stream restoration projects, and the appropriate metrics need to be considered when assessing impacts.     

关于琼东南盆地始新统地层研究的思考

始新统湖相地层是琼东南盆地原油勘探领域的主力烃源岩,历年来各轮资源评价结果均显示具有较好的石油勘探前景,但自1987年Ying9井首次钻遇油层至今,琼东南盆地原油勘探领域一直未取得重大突破。近年来寄予厚望的S3X井钻探失利具有一定典型性,笔者等以S3X井钻后分析为契机,通过与珠江口和北部湾盆地始新统地层对比研究,提出了不同于以往的看法。分析显示琼东南盆地已发现原油中,源于低等水生生物的C304 甲基甾烷含量,以及反映氧化还原条件的姥植比（Pr/Ph）参数,均弱于珠江口和北部湾盆地半深湖相优质烃源岩;琼东南盆地“低频—连续—强振幅”地震相特征与珠江口盆地钻井证实的半深湖相优质烃源岩地震反射特征差异较大;琼东南盆地在区域位置、构造演化与沉积充填模式方面与珠江口和北部湾盆地也存在明显差异,使得始新统湖相地层的分布规模和优质烃源岩的发育条件等方面,均弱于珠江口和北部湾盆地。因此,建议在与周缘盆地始新统地层的对比研究过程中应适度审慎,尤其是以陵水凹陷为代表的中央坳陷带始新统湖相烃源岩分布规模不宜过于乐观。同时,指出受地貌格局影响,不同凹陷海侵进程并不同步,琼东南盆地除始新统发育湖相地层外,渐新统崖城组早期部分凹陷也具有发育湖相地层和油型烃源岩的条件,这一新观点在一定程度可扩展琼东南盆地原油勘探研究的局面和思路。     

中空螺旋半合管直推取样建井工艺在污染场地调查中的应用研究

污染场地土壤地下水的勘查需要同时满足取样和建井需求,中空螺旋半合管具有一定的自攻性,能够在获取低扰动土壤样品的同时建立地下水监测井。本文首先分析了中空螺旋的技术特点,同时基于直推式环境取样装备,提出中空螺旋半合管直推取样建井工艺,并在砂土相对密实度为0.46~0.83（12~16 m）的第四系砂土类地层进行项目试验。试验结果表明,该工艺能够有效解决传统直推取样工艺在土壤密实区域难以到达预定深度的难题,且岩心采取率>90%,是一种值得推广的环境取样技术。     

公益性陆域油气地质调查钻探工程技术进展与攻关建议

公益性陆域油气地质调查主要针对“新区、新层系、新类型、新领域”开展基础性、公益性、战略性工作。近年来,通过部署多项油气地质调查科技攻坚战,取得了一批重要地质发现及页岩油气突破,为国家能源安全保障做出了应有贡献。但“新区、新层系、新类型、新领域”的陆域油气地质调查工作区具有复杂构造区多、工作程度低、工程实践少、资料相对缺乏的特点,导致钻探工程面临复杂故障预见性差、安全风险高、地质目的实现难度大等挑战。结合近年来油气地质调查钻探工程实践,对公益性陆域油气地质调查钻探工程总体现状、难点挑战、技术进展进行了阐述,从安全环保、取全取准各项地质资料、提速降本等角度,提出了技术攻关建议,以期对公益性陆域油气地质调查钻探工程的发展和进步起到一定推动作用。     

准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔地区二叠系芦草沟组油页岩地球化学特征与成矿条件

【研究目的】本文旨在通过对比准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔地区二叠系芦草沟组高品位和低品位油页岩的品质和成因差异,揭示高品位油页岩的特殊成矿条件。【研究方法】对吉木萨尔地区两个剖面采集的露头样品,进行TOC、热解、含油率、微量、稀土元素测试,从而开展高品位和低品位油页岩有机地球化学特征,微量稀土元素特征及成矿条件差异分析。【研究结果】研究区高品位油页岩有机质类型为I型;低品位油页岩有机质类型为I-II1型。高品位和低品位油页岩中B、Ba、Cr、Nb、Sr、V、Zr等微量元素含量差异明显,高品位油页岩中各稀土元素平均含量和各样品稀土元素分布区间都小于低品位油页岩,且外源元素富集程度也相对更低,显示了更少的陆源碎屑输入。微量元素比值显示,研究区油页岩形成于温暖湿润气候,淡水—半咸水,还原环境。高品位油页岩与低品位油页岩相比,形成时水体盐度值更大,有机质生产力更高。【结论】温暖湿润气候背景下,相对较少的陆源碎屑供给,减少了对有机质的稀释和氧化破坏,同时较高的水体盐度值更利于水体分层,从而形成一个长时间的还原环境,再加上更高的有机质生产力,从而形成了高品位油页岩。     

基于裂隙渗流效应的水封油库涌水量预测分析

准确预测洞室涌水量和库区渗流场的空间分布特征是确保地下水封油库施工期安全性和运行期经济性的基础性工作之一。为真实地反映地下水封油库围岩随机分布裂隙的渗流效应对涌水量预测和渗流场空间分布特性的影响,提出了一种基于嵌入裂隙单元模型（EFE模型）的裂隙岩体渗流分析方法,并采用该方法对湛江水封油库的三维渗流场进行了计算分析,通过对比工程实测资料,验证了所提出方法的可靠性,进而预测了实例工程在运行期的涌水量。计算结果表明,EFE模型能够较好地模拟裂隙对洞室岩体局部渗流场的影响,反映库区渗流场及洞室涌水量空间分布不均匀的特性。研究成果可为水封洞库渗控措施的精准设计以及运行期污水处理设施配套设计工作提供参考。