Direct examination of the dietary preference of the copepod<Emphasis Type="Italic">calanus helgolandicus</Emphasis> using the colorimetric approach

The food selectivity of tethered females of the copepodCalanus helgolandicus was examined by using the colorimetric approach. First, feeding behavior of the copepod did not show any differences between the red-color stained with neutral red and non-stained diets using the diatomCoscinodiscus curvatulus. Then, the copepods were fed a mixtures of two diets, the diatomC. curvatulus, stained with neutral red, and the dinoflagellateGymnodinium sanguineum for 14~60 minutes of feeding duration. The foregut colors of females were examined using a stereo-microscope and a video monitor. The foreguts of animals fed with a high density of diatoms in mixed diets showed a dark red color, whereas those fed with a high density of dinoflagellate in mixed diets were a dark yellow. The results suggest that this species of copepod may not selectively feed either one of the diets used for this study. Their feeding activity may be more likely related to the density of available prey in their environment. Therefore, this quick and easy colorimetric approach could provide very useful information, like the pre-screening procedure before designing and conducting the time-consuming and complex feeding experiments to understand the feeding ecology of copepods.     

氮,磷,维生素和微量金属对赤潮生物海洋原甲藻的增殖效应

在室内培养实验中观测了赤潮生物海洋原甲藻ＰｒｏｒｏｃｅｎｔｒｕｍｍｉｃａｎｓＥｈｒｅｎｂ对ＮＯ、ＮＨ和甘氨酸的需求。结果表明，硝酸盐的浓度从４０到３００μｍｏｌ／ｄｍ３，氨盐浓度从５０到１５０μｍｏｌ／ｄｍ３，甘氨酸和谷氨酸混合液浓度从４０到８０μｍｏｌ／ｄｍ３皆能较好地维持海洋原甲藻的增殖。磷酸盐起着磷源作用。在ＥＤＴＡ浓度为８０μｍｏｌ／ｄｍ３的培养液中，Ｆｅ３＋的浓度从０，．５到１μｍｏｌ／ｄｍ３，Ｍｎ２＋从０到２０μｍｏｌ／ｄｍ３和Ｃｏ２＋从０．１到０．４μｍｏｌ／ｄｍ３能促使海洋原甲藻的增殖。维生素效应试验表明：维生素Ｂ１是生长促进因子，而维生素Ｂ１２和生物素在光和暗处皆未能促进海洋原甲藻的增殖。无机氮和磷的最小细胞额分别为０．７４×１０－１２ｍｏｌ／细胞和０．０４５×１０－１２ｍｏｌ／细胞，其中磷比氮更能限制海洋原甲藻的增殖。     

综合物探方法在青岛地区地下水源勘查中的应用

作者应用联合剖面、电测深和静电α卡测量等综合物探方法在青岛地区进行地下水源勘查。本文列举了三个不同地质条件地下水源点的探测过程,说明青岛地区地下水源开发利用是有前景的。指出对当地水文地质资料进行深入研究,采用综合物探方法与地质钻探相配合是勘测地下水源行之有效的一套工作方法。此外对物探工作方法技术的合理选择进行了论述。物探资料的推断解释已通过钻探结果所验证。     

Community structure in mussel beds at Logatchev hydrothermal vents and a comparison of macrofaunal species richness on slow- and fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges

Species lists for vent fields on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge (MAR) from 14°N to 38°N suggest that there is a northern (>27°N), shallow (<2000 m) fauna and a southern (<27°N), deeper (>3000 m) endemic vent fauna, but little is known about how community structure varies along the ridge axis. In this study, quantitative samples of macrofaunal invertebrates associated with mussels (Bathymodiolus puteoserpentis) were collected at Logatchev (14°45′N), the southern‐most explored vent field on the MAR. Community structure (including species composition, species richness, diversity, and relative species abundances) in mussel beds at Logatchev was compared with that of Snake Pit (23°22′N) and Lucky Strike (37°17′N) mussel beds. The most striking feature of the Logatchev mussel‐bed macrofaunal invertebrate community was the tremendous abundance (up to 2390 individuals per liter of mussel‐volume sampled) and biomass of the ophiuroid, Ophioctenella acies. Logatchev and Snake Pit mussel beds share >50% of their associated macrofaunal species; these two sites share only 20–25% of their macrofaunal species with Lucky Strike. Species–effort curves and univariate measures of diversity (H′, J′) do not support the claim that diversity of vent organisms on the MAR is highest at Logatchev, at least when one assesses this within a habitat type. Multivariate analysis readily differentiates the species‐abundance characteristics of Logatchev, Snake Pit, and Lucky Strike mussel‐bed macrofaunas. The relationship between sea‐floor spreading rate and diversity was explored through comparison of species richness in mussel‐bed habitats on slow‐spreading (MAR), fast‐spreading [northern East Pacific Rise (EPR)], and ultra‐fast‐spreading (southern EPR) mid‐ocean ridges. Species richness was greater in samples from the faster‐spreading ridge axes, where vents are more closely spaced but shorter lived, than on slow‐spreading centers, where vents are further apart but longer lived.     

Effects of current exposure on habitat preference of mobile 0-group epibenthos for intertidal seagrass beds (Zostera noltii) in the northern Wadden Sea

In the northern Wadden Sea, the extent of intertidal seagrass beds, their plant biomass and shoot density highly depends on local current regimes. This study deals with the role of intertidal Zostera noltii beds as nursery for mobile epibenthic macrofauna and the impact of seagrass bed characteristics on their abundance and distribution patterns. According to their exposure to the main tidal gullies, sampling sites were separated into exposed, semi-exposed and sheltered. Dominant species of crustaceans and demersal fish were studied in respect of their abundances within seagrass beds and adjacent unvegetated areas. Quantitative sampling was performed at day and night high tide using a portable drop trap. In general, species composition varied little between seagrass beds and bare sand. However, the presence of vegetation had a quantitative effect increasing individual numbers of common epifaunal species. Abundances of 0-group shore crabs (Carcinus maenas), common gobies (Pomatoschistus microps) and brown shrimps (Crangon crangon) were highest within sheltered seagrass beds. With decreasing plant density habitat preference of epibenthos changed on species level. By regulating the habitat complexity the currents regime is profoundly influencing the nursery function of intertidal seagrass beds in the Wadden Sea.     

我国沙尘暴与赤潮的相关性研究

总结了近十几年来我国北方沙尘暴和近海赤潮的危害和发生趋势 ,并对两者间的相关性做了初步分析。结果显示 :我国东海和南海赤潮的发生受沙尘暴的影响很小 ,而黄海和渤海赤潮的发生与北方的沙尘暴有一定的相关性。要正确估价沙尘暴对海洋生态系 (包括赤潮 )的影响 ,必须对沙尘暴的迁移规律、入海通量以及沙尘暴粒子在海洋中的物化反应做详细的调查和研究。     

珠江口赤潮生物及其与环境关系

样品于１９８７年２月至１９８８年２月采集于珠江口水域。从珠江口水域鉴定出２６种赤潮生物，分析了赤潮生物的季节更替现象，讨论赤潮生物与温度、盐度、营养盐的关系。     

某碳酸盐岩型赤泥库地下水环境预测研究

广西、贵州和四川等地区广泛发育碳酸盐岩岩石,碳酸盐岩岩石暴露地表时,形成"喀斯特",时空上形成三个阶段,每个阶段地下水运动规律不同.根据每个阶段地下水运动特点,预测碳酸盐岩赤泥库防渗泄漏和岩溶塌陷地下水被污染行为,指出岩溶塌陷条件下,赤泥库泄漏到地下水中,对地下水水质的影响较大.     

川东红层区巴南广高速公路滑坡高发成因分析

研究目的:巴南广高速公路位于地形地貌平缓、基岩产状近水平、构造相对简单的川东红层地区,线路修建时滑坡病害频发,其中工程造价超过10万元的滑坡达192处,工程治理费用约4亿元,严重影响了高速公路的正常建设。基于此,笔者依据咨询的这192处滑坡建立样本数据库,对滑坡高发的成因进行分析,以期能为今后类似红层区的高速公路的安全、经济修建提供借鉴。研究结论:(1)以富水粉质粘土为主的堆积体滑坡是项目区滑坡主要类型,且以小-中型滑坡为主,滑坡密度大,治理费用高,这是项目区滑坡的主要特征。(2)红层区特殊的地质环境是滑坡高发的基础,主要体现在地表广泛分布的可塑-软塑状粉质粘土和下伏的富水砂泥岩地层对工程扰动敏感,易使坡体在开挖卸荷和填方加载后,利用土岩交界面和最大剪应力形成的同生滑面产生堆积层滑坡、在近水平产状的砂泥岩中形成平推式、错落式和破碎岩质滑坡。(3)欠合理的设计对滑坡高发具有控制作用,主要体现在地质选线贯彻较差,路基填挖规模偏大而使坡体防护工程针对性差,造成大量工程滑坡的出现,且处治设计周期过长,使滑坡范围不断扩大。(4)施工方责任心欠缺,不合理的工程开挖或填方是滑坡高发的重要因素。     

北大西洋ODP1049C孔Aptian-Albian期高频旋回大洋红层的成因:矿物学证据

北大西洋ODP171B航次1049C孔Aptian-Albian期沉积以出现大洋红层与灰色、白色沉积物高频旋回为特征。为了探讨大洋红层的成因,本文进行了矿物学、地球化学、沉积学等方面的研究。漫反射光谱、磁化率和活性铁数据表明,赤铁矿、针铁矿的出现是导致样品由白色向红色转变的矿物学原因。棕色和橙色样品中出现赤铁矿和针铁矿的特征峰,FeR/FeT平均值分别为0.23和0.24,明显区别于其他颜色的样品。磁化率与红层成良好的正相关关系,说明铁氧化物矿物含量的变化是导致磁化率变化的原因。X射线衍射结果表明,不论颜色如何,样品中均含伊利石、高岭石、蒙脱石、绿泥石等粘土矿物,其分布与样品颜色没有直接关系,很可能反映当时物源区气候稳定。ODP1049C孔岩芯沉积物出现橙色、棕色、白色、灰色等颜色的高频变化,颜色过渡接触界线清晰,说明导致红色变化的赤铁矿和针铁矿是沉积期低温氧化的产物。棕色样品中CaCO3含量最低,推测红层所对应的氧化条件是由于较低的有机质堆积速率造成的。