福建闽东海域具齿原甲藻赤潮与生态因子关系的初步分析

本文根据2002年5月闽东海域一次大面积赤潮的监测数据。对赤潮区赤潮生物——具齿原甲藻密度与生态因子的关系进行初步分析．结果表明：现场水文气象因子对赤潮区具齿原甲藻密度影响不大，但影响赤潮面积的消长；水化因子中对赤潮区具齿原甲藻密度影响明显的因子有化学需氧量、活性磷酸盐．具齿原甲藻密度与化学需氧量、活性磷酸盐的回归方程分别为：Y=1．39X-1．77，Y1．55X-0．56．活性磷酸盐是本次赤潮的主要限制因子之一。     

The Aegir Rift: Crustal Structure of an Extinct Spreading Axis

Two seismic refraction and gravity lines were obtained along and normal to the axis of the Aegir Rift, an extinct spreading centre in the Norway Basin. Velocity-depth solutions and crustal structure models are derived from ocean-bottom records using two-dimensional ray tracing and synthetic seismogram modelling techniques. Gravity data are used to generate models consistent with the lateral variations in thickness of the layers in the crustal models. The resulting models require considerable degree of lateral inhomogeneity along and perpendicular to the rift axis. Crust within the extinct spreading centre is found to be thinner and of low P-wave velocity when compared with the crust sampled off-axis. To explain reduced velocities of the lower crust we suggest that, due to the relationship between fracturing and seismic velocity, the decreasing spreading rate leading up to extinction let the mechanically strong layer thicken, so that faulting and fracturing extended to greater depths . Low velocities are also observed in the uppermost mantle underlying the extinct spreading ridge. This zone is attributed to hydrothermal alteration of upper mantle peridotites. Furthermore, after spreading ceased 32-26 my ago, ongoing passive hydrothermal circulation was accompanied by the precipitation of alteration products in open void spaces, thereby decreasing the porosity and increasing the velocity. Consequently the typical low velocities of layer 2 found at active mid-ocean ridges have been replaced by values typical of mature oceanic crust.     

东太平洋粘土沉积物的增白实验研究和结构分析

为了有效开发利用深海粘土，必须针对东太平洋粘土的特点提高其自度和活性。对东太平洋中国大洋调查区粘土沉积物进行湿法提纯后，采用酸溶氢气法以锌做还原剂对其进行了增白处理，并在不同温度下焙烧；分析了酸的类型、浓度、还原剂用量、反直时间及焙烧温度等对粘土增自效果的影响，得出了最佳工艺条件；测定增白前后粘土的物理化学性能和粘土矿物的结构，发现增自的同时还可以提高粘土的比表面积和其在有机溶剂中的分散性；增白后粘土矿物总体上保持了层状结构，但局部结构有一定的破坏，因而提高了粘土矿物的结构活性。     

Biometry, Bathymetric Distribution, and Reproductive Cycle of the Holothuroid Holothuria tubulosa (Echinodermata) from Mediterranean Sea grass Beds

Abstract. Holothuria tubulosa individuals were sampled regularly at three different depths (6, 19, and 33m) over a 20-month period in a Posidonia oceanica meadow off Ischia Island (Italy). Biometrical analysis demonstrated that holothuroids have a well-marked size-related distribution according to depth, with the smallest individuals in the shallowest part of the meadow and the large ones in its deepest part. The observed distributions reflect the ability of H. tubulosa to grow more efficiently in areas of low water turbulence where Posidonia shoots are scattered and detrital food is more easily accessible. Recruitment takes place in the shallow meadow, and holothuroids with high reproductive potential only occur in the deep meadow. Small holothuroids (shallow individuals of similar sizes) may be either juveniles or sexually mature individuals; environmental constraints apparently restrict the growth of individuals and their gonads. There is a progressive downward migration of growing individuals when the whole population is considered, although at the level of the individual the migration occurs randomly. Accordingly, the size of a sexually mature individual is more a function of its past history in the meadow than of its real age.     

海水养殖池塘赤潮危害的应急治理措施

由于近海水域生态环境因素的变化 ,赤潮生物常常侵袭到海水养殖池塘中 ,给养殖业造成严重威胁。根据多次处理海水养殖池塘受赤潮生物危害的经验 ,对赤潮的认识、常用赤潮治理药物的使用、赤潮生物大量形成后的处理方法作一些简要介绍。     

南海夜光藻赤潮概况及其对水文气象的适应条件

本文根据1980~2004年的南海历次夜光藻赤潮事件资料,对这些赤潮事件在时间和空间的分布特征以及赤潮持续时间进行了分析;发现了夜光藻赤潮在1996年后被其它种类赤潮所更替的现象,并初步探讨其原因;统计、分析了夜光藻赤潮发生前后水文气象要素的变化范围和演变特征,提出了南海夜光藻赤潮的适温范围.     

同位素和微量元素n元混合方程的推导和地幔混合作用的研究

推导了任意个源区混合时同位素和微量元素所必须满足的普适方程;以二元混合作用为例详细讨论了在不同的条件下（比值-比值、比值-元素、比值-1／元素、元素-元素）该方程的展开和简化形式。从三元混合方程的展开形式可以看出,“地慢面”的概念是不能成立的,同时大洋玄武岩Nd,Sr和Pb同位素组成数据也并不支持大洋玄武岩为三元混合作用所形成这一假设。     

盐田水域多纹膝沟藻赤潮发生过程的生态学研究

本文报道1991年5月5—6日在广东大鹏湾盐田附近水域发生的多纹膝沟藻Gonyaulax polygramma赤潮。对多纹膝沟藻样品进行扫描电镜观察,阐述了赤潮发生过程中本种的数量变动。利用该次调查和1990年同期资料进行逐步回归分析,探讨多纹膝沟藻赤潮发生与环境因子的关系。     

晚新生代红粘土的粒度分布及其指示的冬季风演变

晚新生代黄土高原红粘土的粒度分布具有明显的三峰分布 ,分别在 2～ 2 0、2 0～ 10 0和 0 .0 4～ 1μm出现峰值 ,每个峰值对应于不同的形成过程 ,与晚第四纪黄土一致。方式 C粒子 (0 .0 4～ 1μm)可能代表本底气溶胶粒子的沉积物 ,方式 A粒子 (2 0～ 10 0μm)代表冬季风尘暴搬运的大气粉尘 ,方式 B粒子 (2～ 2 0μm)代表冬季风正常搬运的大气粉尘。红粘土的粒度分布表明 ,东亚冬季风环流而非北半球西风环流控制着红粘土物质的堆积过程。红粘土中 >19μm的粗粒子组分指示了东亚冬季风演化历史 :6 .5 Ma BP冬季风开始发育 ,5 .2～ 4.5 Ma BP冬季风减弱并达到最低值 ,4.5～ 3.6 Ma BP冬季风由弱变强 ,3.6～ 2 .6 Ma BP冬季风快速增强并达到最大值。     

Mantle flow patterns and magma chambers at ocean ridges: Evidence from the Oman ophiolite

As a result of an extensive program of structural mapping in the ultramafic section of the Oman ophiolite, maps of mantle flow below the spreading center of origin have been drawn. They reveal a mantle diapiric system in which the uppermost mantle flow diverges from diapirs 10–15 km across, which could have been spaced by an average distance of 50 km. Some diapirs could have been located off-axis. The rotation of flow lines in the diapirs occurs within the few hundred meters of the transition zone separating the mantle and crustal formations. The importance of this zone is stressed. The structure of the layered gabbros of the crustal unit in most places reflects a large magmatic flow induced by the solid state flow in the underlying peridotites. The magmatic foliation of the gabbros steepens upsection and becomes parallel to the sheeted dike attitude. A new model of a tent-shaped magma chamber is derived from these structural data.