Comparison of rhyolites from continental rift,continental arc and oceanic island arc: Implication for the mechanism of silicic magma generation

We discuss the chemical compositions of rhyolites from three distinct tectonic settings: (i) the continental rift from Ethiopia (both Oligocene–Miocene and Quaternary rhyolites); (ii) the early Miocene continental arc of Japan (the Mt Wasso rhyolites related to the rifting of the Japan Sea); and (iii) the oceanic Izu–Bonin Island Arc. The comparison reveals that the oceanic island arc rhyolites have high contents of CaO, Al₂O₃, and Sr, and extremely low abundance of trace elements including K₂O. In contrast, the Ethiopian continental rift rhyolites are characterized by low contents of CaO, Al₂O₃, and Sr, and high contents of K₂O, and are enriched in the whole range of trace elements. The continental arc Mt Wasso rhyolites are apparently low in Nb content, although they display similar chemical trends to those of the Ethiopian rhyolites. This obvious difference in the chemical signatures of the rhyolites from the three tectonic settings is the consequence of their derivation from different sources. The implication of this result is that fractional crystallization processes were dominant in the rift‐related rhyolites both from continental rift and continental arc regardless of the prevailing tectonic setting and the nature of the crust (age, thickness, composition), whereas the oceanic island arc rhyolites may form through partial melting of young, mafic crust.     

北大巴山与志留纪火山作用相关的碳酸盐岩沉积学特征及形成环境

生物碎屑灰岩、生物礁是造山带内最为常见的岩石类型之一,它们可以形成于多种构造环境。研究这些岩石组合的结构组成及生物赋存状态可为古地理恢复及造山带演化提供依据。分布于北大巴山地区与富TiO2碱性火山岩紧密相关的碳酸盐岩组合长期以来被认为是被动陆缘台地相组合。该套碳酸盐岩组合主要由生物礁、生物碎屑灰岩、砂屑灰岩、泥质灰岩、角砾灰岩共同构成。砂屑灰岩及生物灰岩中常伴随有薄层凝灰岩夹层;同时这些碳酸盐岩中富含不同比例的火山碎屑成分,发育粒序层理、平行层理、波纹斜层理和滑塌构造。生物碎屑灰岩通常与凝灰质砂岩、泥岩构成韵律层,火山质碎屑在类岩石中主要表现为粒径0.5~3 mm的棱角状—次棱角状玄武岩和凝灰岩碎屑,具有近源沉积特征;生物礁中通常出现1~2.5 cm棱角状—次棱角状玄武岩碎屑,且在生物礁之间的砂岩夹层中含有丰富的0.5~1 mm的次圆状玄武岩碎屑;砂屑灰岩中含有棱角状—次棱角状玄武岩和辉石两类碎屑,其中辉石碎屑粒径通常为1~2 mm,同时该类岩石中还含有丰富的黄铁矿,这些黄铁矿通常因其粒径变化而发育粒序结构特征。角砾状灰岩可分别由砂屑灰岩、生物礁及生物碎屑灰岩构成,也可由三者共同构成,玄武岩碎屑仅出现于角砾状生物礁灰岩中。这些碳酸盐岩中的生物化石具有曾经历过明显的搬运改造特征,其中生物碎屑灰岩和砂屑灰岩中的化石碎屑以次圆状为主,生物礁中的生物化石平行于砂岩夹层分布且发生不同程度的压扁和挤压变形,岩石中普遍发育滑塌沉积构造。这些特征共同表明,该套碳酸盐岩与下伏的碱性玄武岩形成密切相关,二者共同构成了与现代大洋中典型洋岛/海山相一致的结构特征,且这些碳酸盐岩多沿着下伏玄武岩的周边沉积,具有深水—斜坡环境的沉积组合,同时因其中所包含的生物化石经历了一定距离搬运作用而发生再沉积,进一步表明这些生物发育时代可能要略微早于该套火山—沉积组合的形成时代。     

滇东南地区斗南沉积型锰矿床矿物相变化及沉积模式

斗南锰矿是滇东南地区大型的沉积型锰矿床,对其沉积成因的研究可反映滇东南地区沉积型锰矿床的成矿模式。笔者对采自斗南锰矿床的条带状锰矿石样品,进行了系统的锰矿石物相分析和红外光谱分析。通过对锰矿石中锰矿类型与氧化还原界面关系的探讨,提出了由海平面变化引起的氧化还原界面波动所控制的沉积型锰矿的成矿模式。     

玉树地区让娘贡巴辉长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年和地球化学特征

青海玉树地区出露一套晚古生代—早中生代的蛇绿混杂岩。其中,让娘贡巴辉长岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为258.4±2.9 Ma,表明该岩石形成于晚二叠世。地球化学特征表明,岩石具有富碱,高TiO2、Fe2O3的主量元素特征,稀土元素总量相对较高,富集轻稀土元素,(La/Yb)N=5.09~5.52,与原始地幔相比,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th、K)及高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf)。综合研究表明,让娘贡巴辉长岩的形成环境为洋岛,这足以表明,至少在晚二叠世时,玉树地区已经存在洋壳。     

大洋锰结核氨浸渣脱硫产物处理含镉废水的研究

研究了大洋锰结核氨浸渣脱硫产物去除废水中镉离子的多种影响因素,如接触时间、脱硫产物粒径、溶液pH值、初始镉离子浓度和吸附剂量。并利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、场扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对材料和产物进行了表征。结果表明减小脱硫产物粒径、增大吸附剂量等有利于提高去除效果;大洋锰结核氨浸渣脱硫产物去除水中镉离子是基于离子交换反应的原理:MnS+Cd2+→CdS+Mn2+。     

内蒙古白云鄂博地区新元古界温都尔庙群洋壳残片特征及地质意义

文章从温都尔庙群岩石组合、岩石化学和同位素年龄特征入手,研究显示该套岩石具有洋中脊拉斑玄武岩的特征;岩石稀土特征表明其形成于陆间小洋盆环境.它属于华北板块北缘中段新元古代构造演化阶段的产物,为研究华北板块北缘地壳演化提供了新的依据.     

Is the small-scale turbulence an exclusive breaking product of oceanic internal waves

On the basis of the theoretical research results by the author and the literature published up to date, the analysis and the justification presented in this paper show that the breaking products of oceanic internal waves are not only turbulence, but also the fine-scale near-inertial internal waves (the oceanic reversible finestructure) for inertial waves and the internal solitary waves for internal tides respectively. It was found that the oceanic reversible finestructure may be induced by the effect of the horizontal component f (f = 2Ωcosφ) of the rotation vector on inertial waves. And a new instability of the theoretical shear and strain spectra due to the effect of f occurs at critical vertical wavenumber β c ≈ 0.1 cpm. It happens when the levels of shear and strain of the reversible finestructure are higher than those of inertial waves, which is induced by the effect of f along an "iso-potential-pycnal" of internal wave. If all breaking products of internal waves are taken into account, the average kinetic energy dissipation rate is an order of magnitude larger than the values of turbulence observed by microstructure measurements. The author’s theoretical research results are basically in agreement with those observed in IWEX, DRIFTER and PATCHEX experiments. An important impersonal fact is that on the mean temporal scale of thermohaline circulation these breaking products of internal waves exist simultaneously with turbulence. Because inertial waves are generated by winds at the surface, and internal tides are generated by strong tide-topography interactions, the analysis and justification in this paper support in principle the abyssal recipes Ⅱ:energetics of tidal and wind mixing by Munk & Wunsch in 1998, in despite of the results of microstructure measurements for the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate and the diapycnal turbulent eddy diffusivity.     

南海东北部深水海域大振幅内孤立波SAR遥感仿真研究

为了克服基于两层海洋的内孤立波SAR遥感仿真模型的缺陷,使用基于连续分层海洋模型的GK-dV方程,在南海东北部深水海域进行了大振幅内孤立波传播模拟,模拟输出内孤立波振幅91.0m,半波宽度262.0m。然后使用新建立的基于连续分层海洋模型的内孤立波SAR遥感仿真模型进行了内孤立波反演,反演出内孤立波半波宽度251.5m...     

Evidence for the Jurassic arc volcanism of the Lolotoi complex,Timor: Tectonic implications

We report the first sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U–Pb zircon ages with geochemical data from metavolcanic rocks in the Lolotoi complex, Timor. The zircon U–Pb ages of two andesitic metavolcanic rocks yield a permissible range of the Middle Jurassic extrusion from 177 Ma to 174 Ma. The geochemical data indicate that the origins of the basaltic and andesitic metavolcanic rocks are products of prolonged oceanic crust and arc magmatism, respectively. They are originated from partial melting of lherzolites, providing an insight into the tectonic evolution of the forearc basements of the Banda volcanic arc. Thus, parts of the Banda forearc basement are pieces of allochthonous oceanic basalts and Jurassic arc-related andesites accreted to the Sundaland during the closure of Mesotethys, and are incorporated later into the Great Indonesian Volcanic Arc system along the southeastern margin of the Sundaland.     

福建泉州湾全新世海滩岩特征及物源环境分析

泉州湾处于我国东南沿海构造活动带,具有发生地震的地质环境和同震海岸崩塌、海湾下沉的构造地貌条件。通过对泉州湾海滩岩产状、14 C测年、古生物化石及岩石学特征的研究分析,认为其物源为海岸崩塌的志留纪花岗岩和潮滩、河口堆积的陆源碎屑。搬运方向自南向北偏东,形成于泉州湾北部潮间带接近高潮位,在温暖和高蒸发的气候条件下有淡水参与,由钙质胶结发生的快速成岩作用。海滩岩形成的地质时代为全新世晚期,是突发性海洋强动力事件的记录,可能与距今2 000a在泉州湾以南发生的古地震造成深沪湾岩岸大规模崩塌和海湾快速下沉引发的海啸有关。