Ore-forming fluid and mineralization of Caijiaying and Dajing polymetallic ore deposits

Fluid inclusions from the Dajing and Caijiaying deposits have nearly the same ho-mogenization temperature. Correlation between temperature and salinity shows that both Sn-and Cu-bearing fluids Sn and Cu were present in the Dajing deposit but only one kind of fluids continuously evolved in the Caijiaying deposit. Study on rare earth elements (REE) in ancient fluid from the inclusions indicates that the fluid of Sn mineralizing stage in Dajing was derived from remelting magma of the continental crust, and the fluid of Cu-Pb-Zn mineralizing stage in the Dajing deposit and the fluid of Cu-Pb-Zn mineralization in the Caijiaying deposit were derived from the mantle. It is concluded that the Cu-Pb-Zn mineralizations in the Dajing and Caijiaying deposits resulted from the identical tectono-thermal event of magma-fluids induced by Mesozoic tectonic transition and extension in the eastern part of North China Craton.     

制度演进与城市旧城区更新活动的实证研究——以武汉市汉正街为例

改革开放以来我国城市旧城区进行了若干次大规模的旧城更新活动,以武汉市汉正街为实证对象,将其更新活动分为3个阶段展开研究,总结分析各阶段国家权力结构调整、土地有偿制度深化和住房制度改革等社会制度环境的变化特征,探讨了社会制度发展在解决旧城问题上所发挥的作用及存在问题。结果表明:制度环境的变迁使旧城更新成为制度容易缺失的领域;制度目标的更迭使旧城更新渐成为公共领域与私人领域的利益争夺舞台;旧城更新的发展过程本质上是公权力与私权利交织的结果。     

嵌入式马尔科夫链的地质属性建模与应用

传统的地质统计学所形成的算法理论和方法(如克里格算法)过分依赖样品的数据,变异函数参数众多,给地质模拟造成很大困难。基于马尔科夫链的地质属性建模采用转移概率描述样品区域的各种参数变量,通过转移概率矩阵直接推导地质属性分布比例、平均长度,其简化了地质空间各向异性处理过程,克服了传统地质统计学中参数众多且复杂难以计算和地质体分布过程中存在不对称性等缺陷,使得整个地质属性建模的过程更简洁、清晰,容易理解,且建模的结果可以很好地反映地质体空间分布的复杂性。该文利用马尔科夫链对南京市河西地区的新近地质层进行了地质属性建模,实例应用表明,使用该模型进行地质属性建模可为进一步的数值模拟提供支持。     

北京市低收入人群的居住空间分布、演变与聚居类型

以北京市各街区的低收入人群为研究对象,以2005年和2009年北京市大规模居民调查问卷为基础数据,综合运用数理统计、空间自相关分析和因子生态分析方法揭示北京市低收入群体的属性特征及其空间分布的特点、变化与聚居类型。研究发现:北京市低收入人群中低龄与高龄人口、中低学历及从事劳动密集型行业的人所占比重较高。从空间分布来看,低收入占比较高的街区单元主要分布在城市边缘郊区,并随着城市建设出现向外发展的趋势;与2005年相比,2009年北京市低收入人口出现了初步集聚化特征,西北五环外街道的低收入集聚强度不断提高,同时二环内的低收入集聚强度也有所增加;受CBD快速发展和奥运建设影响,北京市东部和北部的低收入人群比例大幅度降低。最后,本文总结出三类具有代表性的低收入人群聚居类型,分别为本地型、流动型和新移民型。     

北大西洋涛动位相转换的数值研究

借助一个非线性准地转正压模型,模拟了基本西风气流的强弱、不同空间分布的天气尺度扰动涡对北大西洋涛动(NAO)位相转换的作用,以及大尺度双波地形对其的影响.通过一系列的对比试验发现,适当弱的基本西风气流有利于下游系统西退使NAO由正(负)位相转换为负(正)位相;振幅强、活动范围大的天气尺度扰动波是NAO由负位相转换为正位...     

转折性天气降水预报检验方法及应用

采用转折性天气降水检验评估方法,从转折天气预报能力的角度评价了模式降水预报能力。对全球中期T213、日本和德国数值预报模式在2006年9月至2008年8月的降水预报检验评估分析表明:转折天气降水预报能力检验是目前降水检验方法的有效补充。3种模式的转折天气降水预报能力随着预报时效的延长,存在逐渐递减的趋势;短期预报能力分析,T213和日本模式春季最好,而德国模式是夏季最好;48h预报分析,T213和日本模式在长江中下游、华北及东北等部分地区、德国模式在四川盆地和华南部分地区预报效果较好。     

IMPACTS OF TWO TROPICAL CYCLONES EXPERIENCING EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION DURING NORTHWARD PROGRESSION ON THE RAINFALL OF LIAODONG PENINSULA

Both of Typhoon Winnie (9711) and Matsa (0509) underwent an extratropical transition (ET) process when they moved northward after landfall and affected Liaodong Peninsula. However, Matsa produced half as much rainfall as Winnie, although it struck Liaodong Peninsula directly while Winnie passed through the Bohai Sea. The relations between the ET processes and the precipitation over Liaodong Peninsula are examined. The result shows that the precipitation difference between Winnie and Matsa was closely related to the interactions between the westerly systems and typhoons during their ET processes. Winnie was captured by the upper westerly trough and then coupled with it when moving to the mid-latitudes, and the positive anomaly of moist potential vorticity (MPV) was transported downward from the upper troposphere over the remnant circulation of the tropical cyclone (TC). It was favorable to the interaction between tropical warm and wet air and westerly cold air, causing convective cloud clusters to form and develop. The rain belt composed of several meso-β cloud clusters over the Liaodong Peninsula, resulting in heavy rainfall. On the other hand, Matsa did not couple with any upper trough during its ET process and the positive anomaly of MPV in the upper troposphere and its downward transfer were weak. Only one meso-β cloud cluster occurred in Matsa’s rain belt during its ET process that tended to lessen rainfall over Liaodong Peninsula.     

Mostly Dormant Comets and their Disintegration into Meteoroid Streams: A Review

The history of associating meteor showers with asteroidal-looking objects is long, dating to before the 1983 discovery that 3200 Phaethon moves among the Geminids. Only since the more recent recognition that 2003 EH1 moves among the Quadrantids are we certain that dormant comets are associated with meteoroid streams. Since that time, many orphan streams have found parent bodies among the newly discovered Near Earth Objects. The seven established associations pertain mostly to showers in eccentric or highly inclined orbits. At least 35 other objects are tentatively linked to streams in less inclined orbits that are more difficult to distinguish from those of asteroids. There is mounting evidence that the streams originated from discrete breakup events, rather than long episodes of gradual water vapor outgassing. If all these associations can be confirmed, they represent a significant fraction of all dormant comets that are in near-Earth orbits, suggesting that dormant comets break at least as frequently as the lifetime of the streams. I find that most pertain to NEOs that have not yet fully decoupled from Jupiter. The picture that is emerging is one of rapid disintegration of comets after being captured by Jupiter, and consequently, that objects such as 3200 Phaethon most likely originated from among the most primitive asteroids in the main belt, instead. They too decay mostly by disintegration into comet fragments and meteoroid streams. The disintegration of dormant comets is likely the main source of our meteor showers and the main supply of dust to the zodiacal cloud. Editorial handling: Frans Rietmeijer.     

三峡库首煤系高岭石研究

研究了三峡库首宜昌地区煤系高岭岩的性质和高岭石在高温状态下的热物理性能及其在橡胶工业中的应用.通过化学成分分析证明了高岭岩中含有95%的高岭石,采用X射线衍射、透射电镜、差热分析方法对高岭石在不同温度(500～1 300°C)条件下煅烧过程中的变化进行了表征,在1 000°C以上的相变产物为莫来石和方英石,依据高岭石的高温煅烧机理,选择在900～980°C条件下直接煅烧高岭石,制备的超细高岭石微粉可用作氯化丁基橡胶的功能填料,能达到或超过美国同类产品的效果,同时也符合技术标准的要求.     

临清坳陷变换构造研究

讨论了临清坳陷内3个规模较大的调节构造带,即封丘左行传递带、马陵横向背斜调节带和夏津—腰站斜向背斜调节带的构造特征及成因机制。临清坳陷内“东西分带、南北分块”的构造特征,是由平行于裂谷轴方向的NNE(NE)向伸展正断层和垂直(或斜交)于裂谷轴方向的NW(NWW)斜向滑移断层及横向构造带等共同作用造成的;区内3个规模较大的调节构造带是造成“南北分块”的构造原因,这些调节构造带垂直或斜交于裂谷方向．通过传递带或调节带的方式调节不同伸展域间的应变,从而使区域应变守恒。