面向对象最优分割尺度的选择及评价

针对当前面向对象多尺度分割方法存在处理的过程会产生不确定性误差,或分割效果依赖矢量边界线与真实边界的吻合程度等不足,该文以IKONOS、QuickBird高分辨率遥感影像为例,基于Definens平台面向对象多尺度分割算法,依据"种内一致性最大、类间异质性最大"原则,利用标准差及分割斑块对象与领域均值差分绝对值构建了与领域绝对均值差分方差比指数指标来定量选择最优分割尺度,并提出依据不同波段对分割斑块的贡献值不同,赋予不同权重,构建加权对象匹配度指数指标的方法,对分割结果进行评价与验证,最后对最优分割尺度选择及评价方法的可行性进行了探讨。     

Direct imaging with highly diluted apertures – II. Properties of the point spread function of a hypertelescope

In the future, optical stellar interferometers will provide true images thanks to larger number of telescopes and to advanced cophasing subsystems. These conditions are required to have sufficient resolution elements (resel) in the image and to provide direct images in the hypertelescope mode. It has already been shown that hypertelescopes provide snapshot images with a significant gain in sensitivity without inducing any loss of the useful field of view for direct imaging applications. This paper aims at studying the properties of the point spread functions of future large arrays using the hypertelescope mode. Numerical simulations have been performed and criteria have been defined to study the image properties. It is shown that the choice of the configuration of the array is a trade-off between the resolution, the halo level and the field of view. A regular pattern of the array of telescopes optimizes the image quality (low halo level and maximum encircled energy in the central peak), but decreases the useful field of view. Moreover, a non-redundant array is less sensitive to the space aliasing effect than a redundant array.     

Rapid mapping of the sky at 240 MHz using the antennas of the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope

In this paper we describe a method for measuring the effective receiver temperature T _erc and its variation for the entire receiver chain of a radio telescope, and use it to make a radio-continuum map of the sky at 240 MHz using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT). We also show that in the case of GMRT, T _erc varies mainly with elevation and ambient temperature. The calibration techniques evolved here are applicable to similar interferometers with a large number of antennas, several frequency bands and a number of receiver systems at room temperature (where conventional methods are time-consuming). This method ideally requires just one complete day of observations in a frequency band.     

“浣熊”强度变化的环境背景和卫星观测分析

利用实况观测定位和强度资料、NCEP的1°×1°全球最终分析资料、NOAA周平均1°×1°海温再分析资料和FY卫星水汽图像,分析台风浣熊(0801)的环境背景条件和内核结构演变与强度变化的关系.结果表明:(1)环境风垂直切变增大至10m·s~(-1)左右与南海北部海表温度逐步减小导致最大可能强度不断降低是"浣熊"快速发展过程中断并减弱的重要外部条件;(2)卫星水汽图像显示内核结构存在眼壁破裂和复原现象,该现象精确地反映其强度变化.眼壁破裂(复原)过程导致"浣熊"减弱(增强).     

Impact of Different Guidances on Sensitive Areas of Targeting Observations Based on the CNOP Method

The conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations(CNOPs) obtained by a fast algorithm are applied to determining the sensitive area for the targeting observation of Typhoon Matsa in 2005 using an operational regional prediction model-the Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System(GRAPES).Through a series of sensitivity experiments,several issues on targeting strategy design are discussed,including the effectivity of different guidances to determine the sensitive area(or targeting area) and the impa...     

近50年我国西部地区气象要素的变化特征

利用1951-2000年全国194站地面观测资料和高空观测资料,对近50年我国西部地区的气候变化特征进行分析。结果表明:从20世纪70年代开始,我国西部地区年平均气温呈上升趋势,其中河套区和新疆区气温上升最为明显,其次为青藏高原区和河西区,西南区气温增幅最不明显,地表温度变化与气温的变化基本同步,但地温变化要比气温变化更加剧烈一些。西南区的地温从70年代中期开始回升,但始终未达到50年代初期的水平,因此从线性变化上表现为下降趋势。西部地区除了河套区外,其他4个区的年平均降水量均增加,增加最明显的是新疆区和青藏高原区。我国整个西部地区年平均总云量和低云量均呈线性减少趋势,减少最明显的是西南区和河套区。在辐射变化上,我国西部总辐射呈减少趋势,青藏高原区减少最多;西南区的散射辐射呈增加趋势,其他4个区减少,其中新疆区和青藏高原区散射辐射减幅明显。散射辐射的大小与天空中云量和气溶胶含量的多少成正比,西南区散射辐射呈增加趋势,而总云量和低云量呈下降趋势,可以推测是气溶胶含量增加导致了散射辐射的增加。     

Morphological patterns of Aptian Lithocodium–Bacinella geobodies: relation to environment and scale

Lithocodium aggregatum and Bacinella irregularis are now extinct, shallow marine life forms of unknown taxonomic origin. Forming part of the tropical platform biota during much of the Mesozoic, these organisms experienced bloom periods and temporarily replaced rudist–coral assemblages during parts of the Early Aptian. Within the limitations of time resolution, this ‘out‐of‐balance’ facies is coeval with the Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a‐related black shale deposition in oceanic basins but the triggering factors remain poorly understood. Here, a platform‐wide comparison of Lithocodium–Bacinella geobodies and morphotypes from the Sultanate of Oman is presented and placed in its environmental, bathymetric and physiographic context. Lithocodium–Bacinella geobodies reach from kilometre‐scale ‘superstructures’ to delicate centimetre‐sized growth forms. Clearly, scale matters and care must be taken when drawing conclusions based on spatially limited observational data. Whilst the factors that cause Lithocodium–Bacinella expansion should probably be considered in a global context, regional to local factors affected growth patterns in a more predictable manner. Here, the unresolved taxonomic relationship remains the main obstacle in any attempt to unravel the response of Lithocodium–Bacinella to specific or interlinked environmental parameters as different organisms respond differently to changing environment. Acknowledging these limitations, the following tentative patterns are observed: (i) Lithocodium–Bacinella tolerated a wide range of hydrodynamic levels and responded to differences in energy level or physiographic settings (margin, intrashelf basin, inner platform) by obtaining characteristic growth forms. (ii) Lithocodium–Bacinella favoured low‐sediment input but had the ability to react to higher sedimentation rates by enhanced upward growth; a feature perhaps pointing to a phototrophic metabolism. Circumstantial evidence for continuous growth within the upper‐sediment column is debated. (iii) The availability of accommodation space had a direct influence on the maximum size of geobodies formed. (iv) Fluctuating nutrient levels and sea water alkalinity may have affected the growth potential of Lithocodium–Bacinella. Understanding the relationship between Lithocodium–Bacinella morphogenesis on a wide range of scales and local environmental parameters allows for better prediction of the spatial distribution of reservoir properties and also results in an improved interpretation of palaeoenvironments. This study might represent a useful first step in this direction.     

关于风积砂地基扩展基础抗拔计算公式的探讨

利用风积砂地基抗拔室内模型试验资料，通过对抗拔土体破坏机理的全面分析，提出了土体形成极限承载力的三个受力过程，建立了扩展基础抗拔承载力计算的基本公式，与目前其它计算方法比较，成果精度提高很多倍，而且适用范围不受深宽比限制，便于推广应用。     

现代油藏描述研究新技术

传统上，油藏评价是经过单一流水线方法，即针对某一油藏，不同学科均收集、处理及解释其各自的数据。目前，油藏描述技术允许所有学科的科学家协同工作，集合大范围的信息，生成公用的模型，并仅利用新的数据或由测井、地震、生产历史提供的解释数据对地层模型进行描述与变更。本文较系统地阐明了油藏描述研究进展、现状，并以枣园油田为例，介绍现代油藏描述研究流程、最新技术、应用效果。