El Nino衰减年西北太平洋热带气旋活动特征的差异性北大核心

El Nino衰减年西北太平洋热带气旋(Tropical cyclone,TC)活动表现出多样性,给TC活动的气候预测带来挑战。采用美国联合台风预警中心的热带气旋最佳路径数据和欧洲中期预报中心提供的ERA-5再分析资料,对1970—2018年的El Nino衰减年7—10月的西北太平洋TC生成频数进行合成分析,发现其与气候态没有显著的差异,但在单个年份,存在着较大的正、负异常。为此,将El Nino衰减年分为TC生成频数偏少(负异常)和偏多(正异常)两种情形,对比两种情形的TC活动和大尺度环境要素特征。结果表明,TC生成频数偏少的情形,TC生成频数的异常减少主要发生在西北太平洋东部海域,即(15°~25°N,140°~150°E)和(5°~25°N,150°~170°E),与垂直风切变增大、对流层中层相对湿度和低层绝对涡度减少有关;TC生成频数偏多的情形,TC生成频数的异常增加主要发生在南海和菲律宾群岛附近,即(15°~25°N,110°~120°E)和(5°~25°N,120°~130°E),对流层中层相对湿度增加的贡献最大,其次是上升运动增强和绝对涡度增大;对比两种情形发现,TC生成频数偏多的情形,广东和福建沿岸的东南风异常引导气流有利于菲律宾群岛附近生成的TC登陆中国大陆。     

Petrology of nepheline syenite gneiss from Amazonian Brazil

Nepheline syenite gneiss is exposed in three localities near the village of Boca Nova (47·04′W, 1°51′S) in northeastern Pará, Brazil. Isotopic and chemical evidence for an igneous premetamorphic history include: (1) bulk compositions which plot in the Q–Ne–Ks system on a peralkaline fractionation curve; (2) bulk compositions which fall on the Hviddal igneous trend in the SiO₂–Al₂O₃–Na₂O + K₂O molecular diagram; (3) an average K/Rb ratio identical to the average for nepheline syenites of the Khibina massif; (4) K/Rb ratios which lie on the ideal igneous fractionation curve; (5) Nb(Ta) contents far in excess of average crustal abundance; and (6) a low Sr₈₇/Sr⁸⁶ value (0·7034) characteristic of mantle derivation. Post-kinematic lit-par-lit injections, discordant veins, and concordant pods of leucocratic nepheline–alkali feldspar pegmatite partially replaced the metamorphic assemblage and destroyed any microscopic equilibrium texture that may have been present. The final disequilibrium assemblage consists of Fe-rich biotite and two generations each of sodic plagioclase, microcline, and nepheline. Some minor metasomatic chemical effects may be present in the rocks but a case for nephelinization of crustal rocks cannot be documented. Field, petrographic, and chemical constraints indicate that the Boca Nova gneiss is an early-stage migmatite formed by anatexis of metamorphosed igneous nepheline syenite or its volcanic equivalent. Regional metamorphism and partial melting opened the Rb-Sr system so that the whole-rock Rb/Sr isochron age of 724 m.y. has no unambiguous interpretation. A K/Ar age of 580 ± 10 m.y. from biotite denning the metamorphic foliation is regarded as a minimum date for the regional metamorphism and anatexis. No other alkaline rocks of comparable age are known in the Sao Luis Craton.     

2020年与1998年梅汛期洪涝的异常大气环流及相关海表温度强迫的差异性分析北大核心

2020年梅汛期长江流域强降雨范围超越1998年,且雨量中心偏北,这与两年的异常大气环流和海表温度强迫差异有密切联系。与1998年相比,2020年西北太平洋异常反气旋(WNPAC)偏北偏强,中心偏东,东亚双阻形势偏弱,使得副高北抬加强,北侧的西南气流亦偏北偏强,中高纬反气旋和气旋对的存在使得30°N以北为异常东北风控制,冷空气偏强,长江流域上空的水汽含量亦偏多,这些环流差异直接导致2020年降水较1998年偏多且中心偏北。这两年在对流层中层都存在大西洋—西太平洋的波列,但2020年波列偏南,有利于东亚反气旋和气旋对的维持以及WNPAC和副高的北抬加强,而1998年波列偏北且偏强,有利于双阻形势的稳定。2019/2020年(1997/1998年)冬季发生中部型(东部型)El Ni?o事件,前者强迫的6—7月WNPAC北界位置较后者偏北;同时2019/2020年印度洋—太平洋中部一致增暖,使得WNPAC加强,中心东移。2020年(1998年)同期处在北大西洋强(弱)负三极子模态,可能是两年中高纬度环流形势差异的主要原因之一。2020年(1998年)南太平洋中部暖海温异常(冷异常)能加强(减弱)越赤道气流,有利于WNPAC偏东偏北(偏西偏南)和水汽输送加强(减弱)。综上,2020年与1998年梅汛期降水差异可能由多洋盆海温强迫协同作用所致。     

Chronology of Early to Mid-Pleistocene sediments in the northern North Sea: New evidence from amino acid and strontium isotope analyses

Sediments deposited during glacial-interglacial cycles through the Early to Mid-Pleistocene in the North Sea are chronologically poorly constrained. To contribute to the chronology of these units, amino acid racemization (AAR) and strontium (Sr) isotope analyses have been performed on samples from four shallow borings and one oil well along a transect in the northern North Sea. D/L Asp (aspartic acid) values obtained through reverse-phase liquid chromatography in the benthic foraminiferal species Elphidium excavatum is focused on because of consistent results and a good stratigraphic distribution of this benthic species. For the Early Pleistocene, an age model for the well 16/1–8, from the central part of the northern North Sea based on Sr ages allows for dating of the prograding wedges filling the pre-Quaternary central basin. A regional calibration curve for the racemization of Asp in Elphidium excavatum is developed using published ages of radiocarbon-dated samples and samples associated with the previously identified Bruhnes/Matuyama (B/M) paleomagnetic boundary and a Sr age from this study. Based on all the available geochronological evidence, samples were assigned to marine oxygen isotope stages (MIS) with uncertainties on the order of 10–70 ka.Sr ages suggest a hiatus of <2 million years (Ma) possibly due to non-deposition or low sedimentation between the Utsira Formation (Pliocene) and the Early Pleistocene. An increase in sedimentation rates around 1.5 ± 0.07 Ma (∼MIS 51) may partly be due to sediment supply from rivers from the south-east and partly due to the extension of ice sheet around 1.36 ± 0.07 Ma from the Norwegian coast to the central North Sea. A possible basin-wide glaciation occurred around 1.1 Ma (∼ MIS 32) (upper regional unconformity/top of unit Q4 in this study), resulting in erosion and regional unconformity. Two interglacials in the Norwegian Channel have been dated: the Radøy Interglacial to 1.07 ± 0.01 Ma (possibly MIS 31, the ‘super interglacial’), and the Norwegian Trench Interglacial to 0.50 ± 0.02 Ma (possibly MIS 13). A massive till unit identified at the same stratigraphic level in all shallow borings may partly represent an extensive MIS 12 glaciation. This study shows that the combined use of amino acid racemization data and Sr isotope chronology can refine the chronological ambiguities of Quaternary North Sea sediments related partly to the impact of glacial processes.     

龙门山北段宝珠寺飞来峰的特征及形成演化

龙门山飞来峰主要有挤压推覆和重力滑覆两种形成观点,飞来峰的成因对龙门山的构造演化具有重要意义。通过对其北段宝珠寺飞来峰野外实地考察及其构造变形特征的研究,得出该飞来峰主体为向斜构造,具有多层结构,由北西—南东向逆冲推覆形成,为推覆说提供了有力的证据;并且该区域构造具有典型的后展式逆冲推覆构造,区别于整个龙门山前展式推覆构造模式。