瑞典硫化物矿山尾矿淋滤水的控制

在瑞典,硫化物矿尾矿污染水的淋滤造成巨大的环境污染问题。本文概述一项利用天然土覆盖尾矿、最大限度地减少淋滤水的调查报告。研究表明,天然土渗水性是如此之高,以致于起不到明显的隔水效果。天然土盖层只能减少高降雨量期或迅速化雪期的渗水量,而且只对淋滤水峰值有作用。但是,作为一种蓄水体,位于尾矿顶部的密封盖层具有重要意义,它可以增加蒸腾损失。     

包气带黄土环境研究与放射性废物处置

黄土中的粘粒含量较高、比表面积较大、吸附性较强、阳离子交换容量也较高,这些因素对迟滞放射性核素的迁移有利。而且黄土的非饱和渗透系数K(θ)远远低于它的饱水渗透系数K_(?)。使得放射性核素在黄土中的迁移很慢。因此,包气带黄土作为中、低放射性废物处置库的环境屏障是可行的。     

The inhibition of marine nitrification by ocean disposal of carbon dioxide

In an attempt to reduce the threat of global warming, it has been proposed that the rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations be reduced by the ocean disposal of CO2 from the flue gases of fossil fuel-fired power plants. The release of large amounts of CO2 into mid or deep ocean waters will result in large plumes of acidified seawater with pH values ranging from 6 to 8. In an effort to determine whether these CO2-induced pH changes have any effect on marine nitrification processes, surficial (euphotic zone) and deep (aphotic zone) seawater samples were sparged with CO2 for varying time durations to achieve a specified pH reduction, and the rate of microbial ammonia oxidation was measured spectrophotometrically as a function of pH using an inhibitor technique. For both seawater samples taken from either the euphotic or aphotic zone, the nitrification rates dropped drastically with decreasing pH. Relative to nitrification rates in the original seawater at pH 8, nitrification rates were reduced by ca. 50% at pH 7 and more than 90% at pH 6.5. Nitrification was essentially completely inhibited at pH 6. These findings suggest that the disposal of CO2 into mid or deep oceans will most likely result in a drastic reduction of ammonia oxidation rates within the pH plume and the concomitant accumulation of ammonia instead of nitrate. It is unlikely that ammonia will reach the high concentration levels at which marine aquatic organisms are known to be negatively affected. However, if the ammonia-rich seawater from inside the pH plume is upwelled into the euphotic zone, it is likely that changes in phytoplankton abundance and community structure will occur. Finally, the large-scale inhibition of nitrification and the subsequent reduction of nitrite and nitrate concentrations could also result in a decrease of denitrification rates which, in turn, could lead to the buildup of nitrogen and unpredictable eutrophication phenomena. Clearly, more research on the environmental effects of ocean disposal of CO2 is needed to determine whether the potential costs related to marine ecosystem disturbance and disruption can be justified in terms of the perceived benefits that may be achieved by temporarily delaying global warming.     

利用尾矿废石制造微晶玻璃花岗岩的投资可行性分析

在论述尾矿废石利用现状的基础上,对利用尾矿废石制造微晶玻璃花岗岩的投资可行性进行了分析,提供了一套可用于此类决策的分析方法。     

城市垃圾填埋场粘土基防渗浆材的实验研究

文章研制了一种低渗透系数并对污染物有一定吸附阻滞作用的浆材,即膨润土-粉煤灰-水泥(BFS)浆材,用于垃圾填埋场以防治渗沥液渗漏污染周围地下水和土壤。通过正交试验优选出了以膨润土为主的配方:膨润土22%~25%、粉煤灰20%~23%、水泥15%~18%、纯碱1.2%~1.4%、稀释剂TMH加量0.3%~0.45%。该浆材结实率大于99.6%,固结体28d渗透系数小于0.8×10-7cm/s,无侧限抗压强度小于2.0MPa,渗透系数比一般水泥粘土浆材降低约2个数量级。通过采自长春某垃圾填埋场的渗沥液进行固结体的渗透试验,该浆材的固结体对CODCr、氨氮和磷的吸附阻滞率均达到了82%以上。文章的创新点在于浆材配方的选材不但考虑了降低固结体渗透系数,使其符合规范要求,而且考虑了材料成分对渗沥液中污染物的吸附阻滞作用,同时降低了固结体的抗压强度和脆性,使其有一定的塑性和韧性,以适应填埋场的地基变形。     

中国城市固体废弃物甲烷排放研究

The greenhouse effect of methane (CH4) is only inferior to that of carbon dioxide (CO2). As an important anthropogenic emission source, the calculation of the emission amount of CH4 from waste treatment in landfills plays an important role in compiling greenhouse gases inventory and in estimating the climate change effects caused by increasing of greenhouse gases. Based on the previous work, and according to the sampling and analysis on municipal solid waste (MSW) in typical cities, the degradable organic carbon (DOC) percentile was identified in typical cities in recent years. According to the IPCC greenhouse gases inventory guideline and default method of CH4 emission from MSW landfills, and in light of MSW managing situation in different regions, the amount of CH4 emission was calculated. The results show that the amount of CH4 emission decreases geographically from east to west and it increases temporally from 1994 to 2004 in China.     

Sustainable Management of Electronic Waste (e-Waste)

Electronic waste or e-waste is one of the fastest growing areas of the international waste stream and is increasing at a much higher rate than all other waste streams. Fast growing electronics industries arising from the demands of information and communication technologies around the world coupled with the rapid product obsolescence and lack of end-of-life management options, have all led to the unsustainable management of the waste stream. Computers are manufactured from over 1,000 materials, many of which are toxic, and they contribute significantly to the e-waste stream, which is estimated to be ca. 20 to 50 million tonnes annually. Design for environment cleaner production, extended producer responsibility, standards and labeling, product stewardship, recycling and remanufacturing are some of the practices adopted by various countries around the world to deal with the e-waste stream. An overview of these practices is presented and the manner in which they contribute to the sustainable management of e-waste is discussed.     

高放废物处置库预选场地地学信息库的建立

本文以高放废物处置库预选场地甘肃北山玉门镇地学信息库的建立为例,详细阐述了地理信息系统在高放废物地质处置中的应用,并在此基础上分析了其应用前景,为不同层次的管理、科研人员提供了全新思路;介绍了将地理信息系统技术引入图件和资料管理的优点。     

山西（交城）花岗岩体地质环境与理化特征研究

本论文对交城花岗岩体的地质环境、工程力学和理化特征作了初步研究。认为交城岗花岩体的地质构造稳定、水文地质条件良好,岩性均匀,故选择交城花岗岩作为研究主岩,并对典型核素在填隙物和花岗岩上的吸附性能进行了试验。