用离子交换法分离测定废旧催化剂中铜,锌,铬,铝和钛

用732型强酸性阳离子交换树脂连续分离废旧催化剂中的铜、锌、铬、铝和钛5种组份。经标液和混合标液多次试验,回收率均在97—100％之间。通过样品分析表明,完全能满足回收废旧催化剂的分析要求。     

Thermo-mechanical Stability Analysis for a Multi-level Radioactive Waste Disposal Concept

To dispose of the spent fuels generated from the Korean nuclear power plants in an underground repository, a large area of about 4 km² is required. This could be a constraint for selecting an adequate repository site and it is required to investigate the possibility of a multi-level repository design. In this study different parameters related to the multi-level repository design such as the level distance, waste type disposed of at each level, and the time interval between the operations at the levels, were investigated using the three-dimensional code, FLAC3D. For obtaining more reliable results, rock properties measured from deep boreholes were used. From the analysis, it was possible to conclude that a multi-level repository concept could be an attractive alternative to reduce the underground area as well as to dispose of the spent fuels from Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) and Canadian Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) reactors at different levels with different time schedules.     

Geoenvironmental protocol for site and waste characterization of former manufactured gas plants; worldwide remediation challenge in semi-volatile organic wastes

The most common and difficult of all hazardous waste sites are those that historically produced artificial (manufactured) gas; for gas-making was international in scope and at the very core of the industrial revolution. With former manufactured gas plants (FMGPs), virtually no geologic region in the industrialized or urbanized world or its trade centers and ports escaped the gas industry. These plants applied pyrolysis of organic matter (roasting to drive off volatiles in the form of useful gases) to illuminate the world and to fuel all manner of progress.

Gas was and is the universal fuel. Its prominence stemmed from the omnipresence of organic matter and the universal process for the extraction of its volatile contents to manufacture useful gas. Furthermore, for most of the century and a half-long history of manufactured gas, natural gas was unavailable to slow or daunt the production of man-made gas and the universal creation of its toxic tar residues and other harmful waste residuals.

Today we face the presence of toxic organic gas manufacturing residuals as a unique threat to both the health and welfare of contemporary society, as well as being a long-term threat to the environment that is dominantly geologic in character. Most of these tar residuals are highly resistant to natural degradation or attenuation in the environment and their lives, therefore, they are measured in geologic time. Given its environmental persistence, potential problems associated with tar may exist centuries to thousands of years.

Engineering geologists and geological engineers are, by training and experience, particularly well equipped to plan, manage and conduct site and waste characterization efforts for FMGPs and related coal-tar sites.     

造纸废液的利用

碱法造纸制浆的废液是一种污染较重的工业污染源，也是可以利用的宝贵再生资源，本文分析，对比了各种纤维原料碱法制浆废液的可利用性和各种治理方法，提出了造纸废液资源化工程是根治造纸废液污染的重要途径。     

湘中桃江锰矿废矿堆环境地球化学分析

对湘中桃江锰矿废矿堆的废石进行了主量元素、稀土元素、微量元素和重金属元素的地球化学分析。野外观察及分析结果表明:组成废矿堆的岩石主要是赋矿围岩中奥陶统黑色页岩和原生碳酸锰矿石。这些废石富含Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Tl、Sb、U等重金属元素。废石暴露地表而遭受风化分解,导致Sc、V、Cr、U、Cd、Th等重金属元素淋滤释出,在废石样品中均表现出不同程度的迁移特征,且以V、Cd、U的迁移性最为强烈。此外,黑色页岩中Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Tl、Sb也明显发生淋失。这些重金属元素如Cd、Tl等毒性极强,进入矿区周围不断积聚,便可能对环境造成严重的影响。故对区内分布的废矿堆作为重金属污染源应高度重视。     

西安市固体废弃物卫生填埋场建设中的环境岩土工程问题研究

人与环境的和谐共处是当今社会可持续发展的重要内容,面对城市固体废弃物激增所带来的人与环境之间的各种问题,卫生填埋法作为最广泛也是最彻底的固体废弃物处理方法得到了越来越多的关注和研究。卫生填埋场的建设与环境岩土工程领域内的诸多方面密切相关,针对卫生填埋场的建设中涉及到的环境岩土工程问题,在依据已有资料概括介绍国内外相关发展现状的同时,结合西安地区的特点,在填埋场场址和类型选择、废弃物工程性质指标、填埋场防渗处理、填埋场沉降计算和边坡稳定这5个方面对西安地区城市固体废弃物卫生填埋场建设中的环境岩土工程问题进行了论述,提出了相应建议,展望了研究方向。     

高压实膨润土热湿耦合效应实验室模拟

本文研究了作为高放废物深地质处置库最后一道人工屏障－缓冲层在热湿耦合艇下的宏观表现,通过自行设计的实验,得到了一些有益的启示,初步认为在本研究涉及的时间范围内,水势场对高压实膨润土中温度场分布影响较小,而温度场对其中水分运移有一定影响。文中介绍了有关实验设计、实验步骤,实验结果与分析,对多孔介质中传热传质研究及高放废物深地质处理有一定参考价值。．     

固体废物安全填埋场选址技术方法研究

笔者根据参加国家“八五”科技攻关项目的示范工程“无锡工业有害废物安全填埋场”的选址工作，提出选址工作的技术方法和应进行的１０大技术环节，并给出选址技术方法流程和填埋场工程主要技术工艺流程图，这些研究成果将会促进安全填埋场选址技术的发展和环保工程的实施应用。     

Mineralogy and speciation of Zn and As in Fe-oxide-clay aggregates in the mining waste at the MVT Zn–Pb deposits near Olkusz,Poland

Oxidation zones of ore deposits offer valuable insights into the long-term fate of many metals and metalloids. In this work, we have studied a paleo-acid rock drainage (ARD) system – the oxidation zone of Mississippi-valley type Zn–Pb deposits near Olkusz in southern Poland. The ARD systems exhausted their acid-generating capacity and have come almost to the conclusion of the mineral and geochemical transformations. Primary pyrite, marcasite, galena and sphalerite have been decomposed but the acidity was neutralized by the abundant carbonate host rocks. Zinc is stored in smithsonite, hemimorphite, and Zn-rich sheet aluminosilicates. Some of these minerals formed simultaneously with the oxidation zone but some precipitated in the soils in situ, thus documenting the mobility of Zn, Al, and Si in the soils. Iron oxides are represented mostly by goethite, either well-crystalline or nanocrystalline, as determined by a combination of powder X-ray diffraction, micro-X-ray diffraction, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Iron oxides bind a substantial amount of arsenic, to a lesser extent also zinc, lead, and cadmium, as shown by electron microprobe analyses and sequential extractions. The X-ray absorption spectroscopy data of the local environment of arsenic in goethite suggest the existence of bidentate mononuclear complex, in addition to the more common bidentate binuclear complex. These results suggest that arsenic is incorporated in the crystal structure of goethite, in addition to adsorbed to the surface of the particles or occluded in the voids and pores. Zinc is bound in goethite as a mixture of tetrahedrally and octahedrally coordinated cations. This study shows that the mature system binds the metals from the primary sulfides relatively strongly. Yet, some release of the metals was observed in this study, either in the laboratory (by sequential extractions) and in nature (e.g., neoformed Zn phyllosilicates). The physical conditions in the oxidation zone and on the surface are largely similar but the metals, to a certain extent, are still mobile in the soils. We may speculate that their mobility near the surface, in the mining waste, may be enhanced by a higher water/rock ratio than in the oxidation zone. This result implies that although the studied material is relatively benign, it still has a potential to cause local environmental problems.     

南京市生活垃圾处置场适宜性评价及环境地质问题

通过南京市生活垃圾处置场现状调查评价与选址课题研究,基本查明了南京市生活垃圾填埋的历史与现状、填埋量、填埋场分布;用层次分析法对正在使用的6个填埋场进行适宜性评价,有三分之二的填埋场地表水、地下水遭受不同程度的污染,尤其是轿子山垃圾填埋场的运营对南京东郊地下水源地影响较大。分析了导致污染的主要环境地质问题,对已污染填埋场的治理和未来填埋场的选址具有指导意义。